Thiol dependence of nitric oxide synthase - PubMed (original) (raw)
Comparative Study
. 1995 Oct 17;34(41):13443-52.
doi: 10.1021/bi00041a023.
Affiliations
- PMID: 7577932
- DOI: 10.1021/bi00041a023
Comparative Study
Thiol dependence of nitric oxide synthase
H Hofmann et al. Biochemistry. 1995.
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) require NADPH and tetrahydrobiopterin (H4biopterin) to convert L-arginine to L-citrulline. The additional requirement and effects of thiols during purification and activity assays of NOS are unclear; for example, glutathione (GSH) has been reported to stimulate or, in the presence of catalase, to inhibit enzyme activity. We therefore studied the effects of different thiols, thiol reagents, antioxidants, and H4biopterin-regenerating systems on purified porcine cerebellum NOS. GSH in the presence of catalase did not inhibit NOS. In contrast, GSH and, to a lesser degree, several other thiols consistently stimulated total L-arginine turnover up to 4-fold. In the presence of GSH, Vmax of NOS was increased, the usually observed loss of activity during the 15 min assay was less dramatic, and the apparent S0.5 value for H4biopterin decreased. Stabilization of NOS activity by GSH was augmented by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), indicating that, at least in part, GSH acted by reductive protection of NOS protein thiols. Consistent with this, four different protein thiol reagents abolished NOS activity. In other experiments, specific allosteric binding was excluded as a potential mechanism of GSH regulation of NOS. In addition, GSH may affect NOS kinetics by recycling or preventing the autoxidation of H4biopterin. In support of this, the non-thiol reductant ascorbate and dihydropteridine reductase mimicked the effects of GSH on NOS kinetics, but not on NOS stability. Thus, NOS activity depends on both H4biopterin and the reduced state of essential protein thiols.
Similar articles
- Brain nitric oxide synthase is a biopterin- and flavin-containing multi-functional oxido-reductase.
Mayer B, John M, Heinzel B, Werner ER, Wachter H, Schultz G, Böhme E. Mayer B, et al. FEBS Lett. 1991 Aug 19;288(1-2):187-91. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81031-3. FEBS Lett. 1991. PMID: 1715290 - Overexpression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in insect cells reveals requirement of haem for tetrahydrobiopterin binding.
List BM, Klatt P, Werner ER, Schmidt K, Mayer B. List BM, et al. Biochem J. 1996 Apr 1;315 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):57-63. doi: 10.1042/bj3150057. Biochem J. 1996. PMID: 8670132 Free PMC article. - The role of thiols in the apparent activation of rat brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
Komori Y, Hyun J, Chiang K, Fukuto JM. Komori Y, et al. J Biochem. 1995 Apr;117(4):923-7. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124797. J Biochem. 1995. PMID: 7592560 - Tetrahydrobiopterin in nitric oxide synthase.
Tejero J, Stuehr D. Tejero J, et al. IUBMB Life. 2013 Apr;65(4):358-65. doi: 10.1002/iub.1136. Epub 2013 Feb 26. IUBMB Life. 2013. PMID: 23441062 Review. - Alternative nitric oxide-producing substrates for NO synthases.
Mansuy D, Boucher JL. Mansuy D, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Oct 15;37(8):1105-21. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.031. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004. PMID: 15451052 Review.
Cited by
- Superoxide induces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase protein thiyl radical formation, a novel mechanism regulating eNOS function and coupling.
Chen CA, Lin CH, Druhan LJ, Wang TY, Chen YR, Zweier JL. Chen CA, et al. J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 19;286(33):29098-29107. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.240127. Epub 2011 Jun 10. J Biol Chem. 2011. PMID: 21666221 Free PMC article. - Mechanism and kinetics of inducible nitric oxide synthase auto-S-nitrosation and inactivation.
Smith BC, Fernhoff NB, Marletta MA. Smith BC, et al. Biochemistry. 2012 Feb 7;51(5):1028-40. doi: 10.1021/bi201818c. Epub 2012 Jan 24. Biochemistry. 2012. PMID: 22242685 Free PMC article. - S-glutathionylation reshapes our understanding of endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling.
Zweier JL, Chen CA, Druhan LJ. Zweier JL, et al. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 May 15;14(10):1769-75. doi: 10.1089/ars.2011.3904. Epub 2011 Mar 27. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011. PMID: 21261471 Free PMC article. Review. - Allosteric regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin and suppression of auto-damaging superoxide.
Kotsonis P, Fröhlich LG, Shutenko ZV, Horejsi R, Pfleiderer W, Schmidt HH. Kotsonis P, et al. Biochem J. 2000 Mar 15;346 Pt 3(Pt 3):767-76. Biochem J. 2000. PMID: 10698705 Free PMC article. - Recent advances in diverse nanosystems for nitric oxide delivery in cancer therapy.
Gao D, Asghar S, Hu R, Chen S, Niu R, Liu J, Chen Z, Xiao Y. Gao D, et al. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Apr;13(4):1498-1521. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.016. Epub 2022 Nov 17. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023. PMID: 37139410 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Other Literature Sources