Outcome of children prenatally exposed to cocaine and other drugs: a path analysis of three-year data - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 1993 Sep;92(3):396-402.
Affiliations
- PMID: 7689727
Outcome of children prenatally exposed to cocaine and other drugs: a path analysis of three-year data
S D Azuma et al. Pediatrics. 1993 Sep.
Abstract
Objective: Cocaine and other drug use during pregnancy continues to be a major health concern. With increasing use of cocaine by women of childbearing age, large numbers of children have been exposed to this and other substances in utero. Currently, very little information regarding the long-term developmental implications of cocaine/polydrug exposure exists. The purpose of this study is to present 3-year cognitive and behavioral data on infants exposed to cocaine and other drugs during gestation.
Methods: The subjects and controls in this study are currently enrolled in a longitudinal, prospective evaluation. At 3 years of age, 92 children exposed to cocaine and other drugs, 25 children exposed to multiple drugs but no cocaine, and 45 drug-free controls were evaluated using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (fourth edition), the Child Behavioral Checklist, the Home Screening Questionnaire, and a Summative Perseverance Scale. The data were analyzed using an a priori model and path analytic procedures.
Results: The results indicate that prenatal drug exposure has significant direct and indirect effects on 3-year cognitive functioning as measured on the Stanford-Binet scale. The fit indices indicated that overall, the hypothesized model accurately reflected the actual data.
Conclusions: The findings of the study provide specific evidence elucidating the nature of long-term developmental risk associated with intrauterine drug exposure. Drug exposure was found to have a direct effect on cognitive ability at 3 years of age. However, the effects of drug exposure are also mediated indirectly through head circumference, home environment, and level of perseverance at a task. Future explorations should continue to utilize path analysis techniques to further clarify the ramifications of drug exposure on the development of the growing child.
Similar articles
- Three-year outcome of children exposed prenatally to drugs.
Griffith DR, Azuma SD, Chasnoff IJ. Griffith DR, et al. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994 Jan;33(1):20-7. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199401000-00004. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994. PMID: 7511139 - Prenatal exposure to cocaine and other drugs. Outcome at four to six years.
Chasnoff IJ, Anson A, Hatcher R, Stenson H, Iaukea K, Randolph LA. Chasnoff IJ, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Jun 21;846:314-28. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998. PMID: 9668418 - Cocaine/polydrug use in pregnancy: two-year follow-up.
Chasnoff IJ, Griffith DR, Freier C, Murray J. Chasnoff IJ, et al. Pediatrics. 1992 Feb;89(2):284-9. Pediatrics. 1992. PMID: 1370867 - Prenatal cocaine exposure: implications for practice, policy development, and needs for future research.
Barton SJ, Harrigan R, Tse AM. Barton SJ, et al. J Perinatol. 1995 Jan-Feb;15(1):10-22. J Perinatol. 1995. PMID: 7650546 Review. - [In utero exposure to benzodiazepine. Is there a risk for anal atresia with lorazepam?].
Bonnot O, Vollset SE, Godet PF, d'Amato T, Dalery J, Robert E. Bonnot O, et al. Encephale. 2003 Nov-Dec;29(6):553-9. Encephale. 2003. PMID: 15029090 Review. French.
Cited by
- Executive functioning at ages 5 and 7 years in children with prenatal cocaine exposure.
Eyler FD, Warner TD, Behnke M, Hou W, Wobie K, Garvan CW. Eyler FD, et al. Dev Neurosci. 2009;31(1-2):121-36. doi: 10.1159/000207500. Epub 2009 Apr 17. Dev Neurosci. 2009. PMID: 19372693 Free PMC article. - Cocaine-induced neurodevelopmental deficits and underlying mechanisms.
Martin MM, Graham DL, McCarthy DM, Bhide PG, Stanwood GD. Martin MM, et al. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2016 Jun;108(2):147-73. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21132. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2016. PMID: 27345015 Free PMC article. Review. - Neurobehavioral and Developmental Traiectories Associated with Level of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure.
Chiriboga CA, Kuhn L, Wasserman GA. Chiriboga CA, et al. J Neurol Psychol. 2014 Nov;2(3):12. doi: 10.13188/2332-3469.1000015. J Neurol Psychol. 2014. PMID: 25664330 Free PMC article. - Infant neurobehavioral dysregulation: behavior problems in children with prenatal substance exposure.
Lester BM, Bagner DM, Liu J, LaGasse LL, Seifer R, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Bada H, Higgins RD, Das A. Lester BM, et al. Pediatrics. 2009 Nov;124(5):1355-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2898. Epub 2009 Oct 12. Pediatrics. 2009. PMID: 19822596 Free PMC article. - Medical and Psychologic Risks of Maternal Cocaine Use.
Singer L, Arendt RE, Minnes S, Garber RM. Singer L, et al. Resid Staff Physician. 1997 Oct;43(10):55-65. Resid Staff Physician. 1997. PMID: 25568499 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical