Astrocytes and axon regeneration in the central nervous system - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
. 1994 Dec;242(1 Suppl 1):S25-8.
doi: 10.1007/BF00939237.
Affiliations
- PMID: 7699404
- DOI: 10.1007/BF00939237
Review
Astrocytes and axon regeneration in the central nervous system
J Fawcett. J Neurol. 1994 Dec.
Abstract
The failure of axons to regenerate in the central nervous system is mainly due to inhibition by the environment, made up of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which surrounds regions of damage. Both cell types are inhibitory to axon regeneration, and it seems likely that each will have to be neutralised before significant axon regeneration is achieved. Axons regenerate over the surface of astrocytes grown in normal monolayer culture but not through three-dimensional astrocyte cultures. Astrocyte cell lines have been created, some of which resemble embryonic astrocytes and form a loose tissue with extensive extracellular space which permits axon regeneration, and others which model astrocytes in the damaged brain having little extracellular space and much extracellular matrix material. There is no correlation between the inhibitory effect on axons and the expression of cell adhesion molecules, proteases, protease inhibitors, and a variety of extracellular matrix molecules. However, extracellular matrix produced by inhibitory cell lines is inhibitory to axon regeneration, while that produced by permissive cell lines is not. This difference depends on the production of a chondroitinase-sensitive proteoglycan which can block the neurite-inducing effects of laminin so that treatment of inhibitory extracellular matrix with chondroitinase renders it more permissive to axon regeneration.
Similar articles
- Increased axon regeneration in astrocytes grown in the presence of proteoglycan synthesis inhibitors.
Smith-Thomas LC, Stevens J, Fok-Seang J, Faissner A, Rogers JH, Fawcett JW. Smith-Thomas LC, et al. J Cell Sci. 1995 Mar;108 ( Pt 3):1307-15. doi: 10.1242/jcs.108.3.1307. J Cell Sci. 1995. PMID: 7622613 - An analysis of astrocytic cell lines with different abilities to promote axon growth.
Fok-Seang J, Smith-Thomas LC, Meiners S, Muir E, Du JS, Housden E, Johnson AR, Faissner A, Geller HM, Keynes RJ, et al. Fok-Seang J, et al. Brain Res. 1995 Aug 21;689(2):207-23. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00575-b. Brain Res. 1995. PMID: 7583324 - Comparing astrocytic cell lines that are inhibitory or permissive for axon growth: the major axon-inhibitory proteoglycan is NG2.
Fidler PS, Schuette K, Asher RA, Dobbertin A, Thornton SR, Calle-Patino Y, Muir E, Levine JM, Geller HM, Rogers JH, Faissner A, Fawcett JW. Fidler PS, et al. J Neurosci. 1999 Oct 15;19(20):8778-88. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-20-08778.1999. J Neurosci. 1999. PMID: 10516297 Free PMC article. - Astrocytic and neuronal factors affecting axon regeneration in the damaged central nervous system.
Fawcett JW. Fawcett JW. Cell Tissue Res. 1997 Nov;290(2):371-7. doi: 10.1007/s004410050943. Cell Tissue Res. 1997. PMID: 9321700 Review. - Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of glial cells and extracellular matrix in axonal regeneration.
Carbonetto S. Carbonetto S. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1991 Oct;1(3):407-13. doi: 10.1016/0959-4388(91)90062-c. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1991. PMID: 1821684 Review.
Cited by
- Nano neuro knitting: peptide nanofiber scaffold for brain repair and axon regeneration with functional return of vision.
Ellis-Behnke RG, Liang YX, You SW, Tay DK, Zhang S, So KF, Schneider GE. Ellis-Behnke RG, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Mar 28;103(13):5054-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600559103. Epub 2006 Mar 20. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006. PMID: 16549776 Free PMC article. - Induction of corticospinal regeneration by lentiviral trkB-induced Erk activation.
Hollis ER 2nd, Jamshidi P, Löw K, Blesch A, Tuszynski MH. Hollis ER 2nd, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 28;106(17):7215-20. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810624106. Epub 2009 Apr 9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009. PMID: 19359495 Free PMC article. - A novel mouse model of penetrating brain injury.
Cernak I, Wing ID, Davidsson J, Plantman S. Cernak I, et al. Front Neurol. 2014 Oct 22;5:209. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00209. eCollection 2014. Front Neurol. 2014. PMID: 25374559 Free PMC article. - Enhanced neurotrophin-induced axon growth in myelinated portions of the CNS in mice lacking the p75 neurotrophin receptor.
Walsh GS, Krol KM, Crutcher KA, Kawaja MD. Walsh GS, et al. J Neurosci. 1999 May 15;19(10):4155-68. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-10-04155.1999. J Neurosci. 1999. PMID: 10234043 Free PMC article.
References
- J Cell Sci. 1989 Jan;92 ( Pt 1):93-100 - PubMed
- Adv Neurol. 1988;47:87-138 - PubMed
- J Cell Sci. 1992 Oct;103 ( Pt 2):571-9 - PubMed
- J Neurol Sci. 1987 Sep;80(2-3):307-21 - PubMed
- J Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;107(5):1977-86 - PubMed