Citrate and renal calculi: an update - PubMed (original) (raw)
Collaborators, Affiliations
- PMID: 7783699
Review
Citrate and renal calculi: an update
C Y Pak. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1994.
Abstract
Citrate is an inhibitor of the crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts. Hypocitraturia, frequently encountered in patients with nephrolithiasis, is therefore an important risk factor for stone formation. Potassium citrate provides physiological and physicochemical correction and inhibits new stone formation, not only in hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis but also in uric acid nephrolithiasis. Inhibition of stone recurrence has now been validated by a randomized trial. Ongoing research has disclosed additional causes of hypocitraturia (sodium excess, low intestinal alkali absorption, but not primary citrate malabsorption). Moreover, new insights on potassium citrate action have been shown, notably that some of absorbed citrate escapes oxidation and contributes to the citraturic response, that ingestion with a meal does not sacrifice physiological or physicochemical action, that orange juice mimics but does not completely duplicate its actions, that potassium citrate may have a beneficial bone-sparing effect, that it may reduce stone fragments following ESWL, and that danger of aluminum toxicity is not great in subjects with functioning kidneys. Finally, the research on potassium citrate has led to two promising products, calcium citrate as an optimum calcium supplement and potassium-magnesium citrate which may be superior to potassium citrate in the management of stone disease.
Similar articles
- Urine citrate and renal stone disease.
Goldberg H, Grass L, Vogl R, Rapoport A, Oreopoulos DG. Goldberg H, et al. CMAJ. 1989 Aug 1;141(3):217-21. CMAJ. 1989. PMID: 2665909 Free PMC article. Review. - Physiological and physiochemical correction and prevention of calcium stone formation by potassium citrate therapy.
Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Fuller CJ. Pak CY, et al. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1983;96:294-305. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1983. PMID: 6679957 - Alkali absorption and citrate excretion in calcium nephrolithiasis.
Sakhaee K, Williams RH, Oh MS, Padalino P, Adams-Huet B, Whitson P, Pak CY. Sakhaee K, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 1993 Jul;8(7):789-94. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650080703. J Bone Miner Res. 1993. PMID: 8352061 - Causes of hypocitraturia in recurrent calcium stone formers: focusing on urinary potassium excretion.
Domrongkitchaiporn S, Stitchantrakul W, Kochakarn W. Domrongkitchaiporn S, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Oct;48(4):546-54. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.008. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006. PMID: 16997050 - Urinary citrate and renal stone disease: the preventive role of alkali citrate treatment.
Caudarella R, Vescini F. Caudarella R, et al. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2009 Sep;81(3):182-7. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2009. PMID: 19911682 Review.
Cited by
- Changes in urinary nanocrystallites in calcium oxalate stone formers before and after potassium citrate intake.
Duan CY, Xia ZY, Zhang GN, Gui BS, Xue JF, Ouyang JM. Duan CY, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013;8:909-18. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S39642. Epub 2013 Mar 1. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013. PMID: 23467267 Free PMC article. - Long-term potassium citrate therapy and bone mineral density in idiopathic calcium stone formers.
Vescini F, Buffa A, La Manna G, Ciavatti A, Rizzoli E, Bottura A, Stefoni S, Caudarella R. Vescini F, et al. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005 Mar;28(3):218-22. doi: 10.1007/BF03345376. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005. PMID: 15952405 - Role of Citrus Fruit Juices in Prevention of Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): A Narrative Review.
Barghouthy Y, Somani BK. Barghouthy Y, et al. Nutrients. 2021 Nov 17;13(11):4117. doi: 10.3390/nu13114117. Nutrients. 2021. PMID: 34836376 Free PMC article. Review. - Association between Urolithiasis and History Proton Pump Inhibitor Medication: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Kim SY, Yoo DM, Bang WJ, Choi HG. Kim SY, et al. J Clin Med. 2022 Sep 26;11(19):5693. doi: 10.3390/jcm11195693. J Clin Med. 2022. PMID: 36233561 Free PMC article. - The role of lithium carbonate and lithium citrate in regulating urinary citrate level and preventing nephrolithiasis.
Zhang X, Aggarwal P, Li X, Oakman C, Wang Z, Rodriguez R. Zhang X, et al. Int J Biomed Sci. 2009 Sep;5(3):215-22. Int J Biomed Sci. 2009. PMID: 23675140 Free PMC article.