Prenatal influenza infections and adult schizophrenia - PubMed (original) (raw)
Prenatal influenza infections and adult schizophrenia
S A Mednick et al. Schizophr Bull. 1994.
Abstract
We reported previously that residents of Greater Helsinki, Finland, whose mothers were exposed to the 1957 influenza epidemic during their second trimester of gestation had a significantly elevated risk of developing adult schizophrenia. The majority of the replication studies to date have not determined whether the mothers actually contracted an infection or the stage of gestation based on mother's last menstruation. We read prenatal clinic records of the mothers of the Helsinki-born schizophrenia subjects to determine timing of infection, as noted by the prenatal clinic obstetric nurse at a time close to the actual infection. Schizophrenia subjects who were exposed in the second trimester had a significantly higher rate of definite influenza infection (86.7%) in that period compared to those who were exposed during the first and third trimesters (20.0%). These results are interpreted with caution because of the small number of cases.
Similar articles
- Prenatal exposure to influenza does not cause schizophrenia.
Crow TJ, Done DJ. Crow TJ, et al. Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;161:390-3. doi: 10.1192/bjp.161.3.390. Br J Psychiatry. 1992. PMID: 1393309 - Maternal influenza, obstetric complications, and schizophrenia.
Wright P, Takei N, Rifkin L, Murray RM. Wright P, et al. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;152(12):1714-20. doi: 10.1176/ajp.152.12.1714. Am J Psychiatry. 1995. PMID: 8526235 - An update on the Helsinki Influenza Project.
Mednick SA, Machon RA, Huttunen MO. Mednick SA, et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Mar;47(3):292. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810150092021. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990. PMID: 2306171 No abstract available. - Prenatal exposure to influenza and the risk of subsequent development of schizophrenia.
Ebert T, Kotler M. Ebert T, et al. Isr Med Assoc J. 2005 Jan;7(1):35-8. Isr Med Assoc J. 2005. PMID: 15658144 Review. - Prenatal teratogens and the development of adult mental illness.
Watson JB, Mednick SA, Huttunen M, Wang X. Watson JB, et al. Dev Psychopathol. 1999 Summer;11(3):457-66. doi: 10.1017/s0954579499002151. Dev Psychopathol. 1999. PMID: 10532619 Review.
Cited by
- Striatal development involves a switch in gene expression networks, followed by a myelination event: implications for neuropsychiatric disease.
Novak G, Fan T, O'Dowd BF, George SR. Novak G, et al. Synapse. 2013 Apr;67(4):179-88. doi: 10.1002/syn.21628. Epub 2012 Dec 27. Synapse. 2013. PMID: 23184870 Free PMC article. - Immunological aetiology of major psychiatric disorders: evidence and therapeutic implications.
Sperner-Unterweger B. Sperner-Unterweger B. Drugs. 2005;65(11):1493-520. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200565110-00004. Drugs. 2005. PMID: 16033289 Review. - N-3 (Omega-3) Fatty Acids: Effects on Brain Dopamine Systems and Potential Role in the Etiology and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.
Healy-Stoffel M, Levant B. Healy-Stoffel M, et al. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2018;17(3):216-232. doi: 10.2174/1871527317666180412153612. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2018. PMID: 29651972 Free PMC article. Review. - Comments on Takei et al.: Prenatal exposure to influenza epidemics and the risk of mental retardation.
Crow TJ. Crow TJ. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;245(4-5):260-1; author reply 263-6. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995. PMID: 7578290 No abstract available. - Animal Models of Maternal Immune Activation in Depression Research.
Ronovsky M, Berger S, Molz B, Berger A, Pollak DD. Ronovsky M, et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(7):688-704. doi: 10.2174/1570159x14666151215095359. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016. PMID: 26666733 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical