FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 1993 Jan 7;361(6407):68-71.
doi: 10.1038/361068a0.
Affiliations
- PMID: 8421496
- DOI: 10.1038/361068a0
FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth
L Niswander et al. Nature. 1993.
Abstract
Limb development is dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. The apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a specialized epithelium at the limb tip, stimulates proliferation of underlying mesenchyme, causing directed limb outgrowth (for review see ref. 2). Several genes are expressed in the mouse AER, including Fgf-4 (fibroblast growth factor-4) and Bmp-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2), both of which encode secreted signalling molecules. Using a culture system developed to explore the function of molecules produced by the AER, we have shown that FGF-4 protein stimulates proliferation of mesenchyme in the early mouse limb-bud. This suggests that FGF-4 serves that major function of the AER. In contrast, BMP-2 inhibits limb growth, suggesting that as a result the AER may serve a hitherto unrecognized inhibitory function. Furthermore, the extent of limb outgrowth can be modulated by mixing the two signalling molecules, suggesting that limb growth is regulated by a combination of stimulatory and inhibitory signals from the AER.
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