Smoking and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study - PubMed (original) (raw)
Smoking and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study
W Smith et al. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Dec.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the associations between stage of age-related maculopathy (ARM) and current, past, and passive smoking.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 3654 subjects from a defined geographic area west of Sydney, Australia, identified subjects with late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and early ARM by ocular examination and detailed grading of retinal photographs. Interviewer-administered questionnaires provided data about smoking history for subjects and spouses. Logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex, and 2-way analysis of variance were used to assess associations.
Results: Current tobacco smoking was significantly associated with late AMD (odds ratio [OR], 3.92), including neovascular AMD (OR, 3.20) and geographic atrophy (OR, 4.54), and early ARM (OR, 1.75). Having ever smoked was significantly associated with late AMD (OR, 1.83) but not early ARM. Passive smoking was associated with increased but insignificant odds for late AMD. The risk was slightly higher among women compared with men for most exposure categories.
Conclusions: These findings provide convincing evidence that smoking may be causally associated with ARM. The strongest risk was found for current smokers, suggesting potential benefits of targeting education to older people who are current smokers and have signs of early ARM.
Similar articles
- Risk factors for incident age-related macular degeneration: pooled findings from 3 continents.
Tomany SC, Wang JJ, Van Leeuwen R, Klein R, Mitchell P, Vingerling JR, Klein BE, Smith W, De Jong PT. Tomany SC, et al. Ophthalmology. 2004 Jul;111(7):1280-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.11.010. Ophthalmology. 2004. PMID: 15234127 - Family history and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
Smith W, Mitchell P. Smith W, et al. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1998 Aug;26(3):203-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01311.x. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1998. PMID: 9717749 - Iris color, skin sun sensitivity, and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study.
Mitchell P, Smith W, Wang JJ. Mitchell P, et al. Ophthalmology. 1998 Aug;105(8):1359-63. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)98013-7. Ophthalmology. 1998. PMID: 9709743 - Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study.
Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Wang JJ. Mitchell P, et al. Ophthalmology. 1995 Oct;102(10):1450-60. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30846-9. Ophthalmology. 1995. PMID: 9097791 Review. - Relation of smoking to the incidence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study.
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE. Klein R, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jan 15;147(2):103-10. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009421. Am J Epidemiol. 1998. PMID: 9456998 Review.
Cited by
- Comparison of serum thiol-disulphide homeostasis and total antioxidant-oxidant levels between exudative age-related macular degeneration patients and healthy subjects.
Elbay A, Ozer OF, Akkan JCU, Celik U, Kutlutürk I, Koytak A, Ozdemir H. Elbay A, et al. Int Ophthalmol. 2017 Oct;37(5):1095-1101. doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0367-4. Epub 2016 Oct 12. Int Ophthalmol. 2017. PMID: 27734243 - Comparison of Novel Volumetric Microperimetry Metrics in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: PINNACLE Study Report 3.
Anders P, Traber GL, Pfau M, Riedl S, Hagag AM, Camenzind H, Mai J, Kaye R, Bogunovic H, Fritsche LG, Rueckert D, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Sivaprasad S, Lotery AJ, Scholl HPN. Anders P, et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2023 Aug 1;12(8):21. doi: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.21. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2023. PMID: 37624605 Free PMC article. - Bilateral involvement by age related maculopathy lesions in a population.
Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Smith W, Cumming RG. Wang JJ, et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998 Jul;82(7):743-7. doi: 10.1136/bjo.82.7.743. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998. PMID: 9924363 Free PMC article. - Natural History of Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation over 2 Years in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Owsley C, Clark ME, McGwin G Jr. Owsley C, et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2017 Jun 5;6(3):15. doi: 10.1167/tvst.6.3.15. eCollection 2017 Jun. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2017. PMID: 28593103 Free PMC article. - Effects of hydroquinone on retinal and vascular cells in vitro.
Sharma A, Patil JA, Gramajo AL, Seigel GM, Kuppermann BD, Kenney CM. Sharma A, et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012 May-Jun;60(3):189-93. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.95869. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012. PMID: 22569379 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous