Cultures in psychiatric nosology: the CCMD-2-R and international classification of mental disorders - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Cultures in psychiatric nosology: the CCMD-2-R and international classification of mental disorders

S Lee. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1996 Dec.

Abstract

This essay reviews the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, Second Edition, Revised (CCMD-2-R, 1995), by assuming the theoretical stance that symptom recognition, disease construction, and taxonomic strategy in psychiatry reflect, and are constrained by, the cultural norms and values as well as the political and economic organizations of the society in which they are embedded. The CCMD-2-R is an ethnomedical classification grounded in both symptomatology and etiology, in which Chinese psychiatrists seek to conform with international classifications on the one hand, and to sustain a nosology with Chinese cultural characteristics on the other. Although broad similarities between the ICD-10 and CCMD-2-R are evident, their blending is legitimately incomplete. Thus, the particular additions (e.g., travelling psychosis, qigong induced mental disorders), deletions (e.g., somatoform disorders, pathological gambling, a number of personality and sexual disorders), retentions (e.g., unipolar mania, neurosis, hysteria, homosexuality), and variations (e.g., depressive neurosis, neurasthenia) reveal not only the changing notions of illness but also the shifting social realities in contemporary China. The CCMD-2-R will be widely used by Chinese psychiatrists and should standardize diagnostic practice and facilitate research, but its impact on everyday clinical work and psychiatric training remains to be evaluated. For Western researchers, it is one avenue for achieving an understanding of the Chinese social world, and should usefully be contrasted with the ICD-10 and DSM-IV as the move towards an international nosology continues.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

• From diversity to unity. The classification of mental disorders in 21st-century China.
  Lee S. Lee S. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001 Sep;24(3):421-31. doi: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70238-0. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001. PMID: 11593854
• Comparative study of diagnostic systems: Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-Second Edition versus DSM-III-R.
  Zheng YP, Lin KM, Zhao JP, Zhang MY, Yong D. Zheng YP, et al. Compr Psychiatry. 1994 Nov-Dec;35(6):441-9. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(94)90227-5. Compr Psychiatry. 1994. PMID: 7867317 Clinical Trial.
• Chinese classification of mental disorders (CCMD-3): towards integration in international classification.
  Chen YF. Chen YF. Psychopathology. 2002 Mar-Jun;35(2-3):171-5. doi: 10.1159/000065140. Psychopathology. 2002. PMID: 12145505
• The Latin American guide for psychiatric diagnosis. A cultural overview.
  Berganza CE, Mezzich JE, Otero-Ojeda AA, Jorge MR, Villaseñor-Bayardo SJ, Rojas-Malpica C. Berganza CE, et al. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001 Sep;24(3):433-46. doi: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70239-2. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001. PMID: 11593855 Review.
• Cross-cultural psychiatry and the DSM-IV.
  Stein DJ. Stein DJ. Compr Psychiatry. 1993 Sep-Oct;34(5):322-9. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(93)90018-y. Compr Psychiatry. 1993. PMID: 8306642 Review.

Cited by

• Acupuncture for Major Depressive Disorder: A Data Mining-Based Literature Study.
  Tu M, Xiong S, Lv S, Wu X, Hu H, Hu R, Fang J, Shao X. Tu M, et al. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023 May 2;19:1069-1084. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S405728. eCollection 2023. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023. PMID: 37159675 Free PMC article.
• Migration, Schizophrenia, and Crime: A Study From a Forensic Psychiatric Sample.
  He Y, Gu Y, Wang S, Li Y, Li G, Hu Z. He Y, et al. Front Psychiatry. 2022 May 6;13:869978. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869978. eCollection 2022. Front Psychiatry. 2022. PMID: 35599762 Free PMC article.
• Research on interpersonal violence in schizophrenia: based on different victim types.
  He Y, Gu Y, Yu M, Li Y, Li G, Hu Z. He Y, et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 8;22(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03820-7. BMC Psychiatry. 2022. PMID: 35260126 Free PMC article.
• The Moral Career of 'Outmates': Towards a History of Manufactured Mental Disorders in Post-Socialist China.
  Wu HY. Wu HY. Med Hist. 2016 Jan;60(1):87-104. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2015.70. Med Hist. 2016. PMID: 26651190 Free PMC article.
• Characteristics, experience, and treatment of schizophrenia in China.
  Phillips MR. Phillips MR. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2001 Jun;3(2):109-19. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.2/mrphillips. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2001. PMID: 22033637 Free PMC article.

References

1. 1. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1991 Dec;15(4):479-96 - PubMed
2. 1. Soc Sci Med. 1995 Oct;41(8):1159-73 - PubMed
3. 1. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988 Dec;45(12):1135-8 - PubMed
4. 1. Compr Psychiatry. 1994 Nov-Dec;35(6):441-9 - PubMed
5. 1. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1988 May;(1):15-20 - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

• Medical

  • MedlinePlus Health Information