G triplets located throughout a class of small vertebrate introns enforce intron borders and regulate splice site selection - PubMed (original) (raw)
G triplets located throughout a class of small vertebrate introns enforce intron borders and regulate splice site selection
A J McCullough et al. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Aug.
Abstract
Splicing of small introns in lower eucaryotes can be distinguished from vertebrate splicing by the inability of such introns to be expanded and by the inability of splice site mutations to cause exon skipping-properties suggesting that the intron rather than the exon is the unit of recognition. Vertebrates do contain small introns. To see if they possess properties similar to small introns in lower eucaryotes, we studied the small second intron from the human alpha-globin gene. Mutation of the 5' splice site of this intron resulted in in vivo intron inclusion, not exon skipping, suggesting the presence of intron bridging interactions. The intron had an unusual base composition reflective of a sequence bias present in a collection of small human introns in which multiple G triplets stud the interior of the introns. Each G triplet represented a minimal sequence element additively contributing to maximal splicing efficiency and spliceosome assembly. More importantly, G triplets proximal to a duplicated splice site caused preferential utilization of the 5' splice site upstream of the triplets or the 3' splice site downstream of the triplets; i.e., sequences containing G triplets were preferentially used as introns when a choice was possible. Thus, G triplets internal to a small intron have the ability to affect splice site decisions at both ends of the intron. Each G triplet additively contributed to splice site selectivity. We suggest that G triplets are a common component of human 5' splice sites and aid in the definition of exon-intron borders as well as overall splicing efficiency. In addition, our data suggest that such intronic elements may be characteristic of small introns and represent an intronic equivalent to the exon enhancers that facilitate recognition of both ends of an exon during exon definition.
Similar articles
- An intronic splicing enhancer binds U1 snRNPs to enhance splicing and select 5' splice sites.
McCullough AJ, Berget SM. McCullough AJ, et al. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Dec;20(24):9225-35. doi: 10.1128/MCB.20.24.9225-9235.2000. Mol Cell Biol. 2000. PMID: 11094074 Free PMC article. - Compensatory relationship between splice sites and exonic splicing signals depending on the length of vertebrate introns.
Dewey CN, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV. Dewey CN, et al. BMC Genomics. 2006 Dec 8;7:311. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-311. BMC Genomics. 2006. PMID: 17156453 Free PMC article. - Arabidopsis intron mutations and pre-mRNA splicing.
Brown JW. Brown JW. Plant J. 1996 Nov;10(5):771-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.10050771.x. Plant J. 1996. PMID: 8953241 Review. - Mutations that alter RNA splicing of the human HPRT gene: a review of the spectrum.
O'Neill JP, Rogan PK, Cariello N, Nicklas JA. O'Neill JP, et al. Mutat Res. 1998 Nov;411(3):179-214. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5742(98)00013-1. Mutat Res. 1998. PMID: 9804951 Review.
Cited by
- The HNRNPF/H RNA binding proteins and disease.
Brownmiller T, Caplen NJ. Brownmiller T, et al. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2023 Sep-Oct;14(5):e1788. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1788. Epub 2023 Apr 11. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2023. PMID: 37042074 Free PMC article. Review. - HNRNPH1 destabilizes the G-quadruplex structures formed by G-rich RNA sequences that regulate the alternative splicing of an oncogenic fusion transcript.
Vo T, Brownmiller T, Hall K, Jones TL, Choudhari S, Grammatikakis I, Ludwig KR, Caplen NJ. Vo T, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022 Jun 24;50(11):6474-6496. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac409. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022. PMID: 35639772 Free PMC article. - Empirical prediction of variant-activated cryptic splice donors using population-based RNA-Seq data.
Dawes R, Joshi H, Cooper ST. Dawes R, et al. Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 29;13(1):1655. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29271-y. Nat Commun. 2022. PMID: 35351883 Free PMC article. - Genome-wide discovery of G-quadruplexes in barley.
Cagirici HB, Budak H, Sen TZ. Cagirici HB, et al. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 12;11(1):7876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86838-3. Sci Rep. 2021. PMID: 33846409 Free PMC article. - Intrinsic Regulatory Role of RNA Structural Arrangement in Alternative Splicing Control.
Taylor K, Sobczak K. Taylor K, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 21;21(14):5161. doi: 10.3390/ijms21145161. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. PMID: 32708277 Free PMC article. Review.
References
- Genes Dev. 1994 Jul 1;8(13):1561-74 - PubMed
- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1866-9 - PubMed
- Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Dec 11;22(24):5156-63 - PubMed
- J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 10;270(6):2411-4 - PubMed
- Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Aug;15(8):3979-88 - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources