Population-based study of sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for hypertension - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 1997 Aug;157(15):1746-52.
Affiliations
- PMID: 9250236
Population-based study of sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for hypertension
T Young et al. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Aug.
Abstract
Background: Clinical observations have linked sleep-disordered breathing, a condition of repeated apneas and hypopneas during sleep, with hypertension but evidence for an independent association has been lacking. Understanding this relationship is important because the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing is high in adults.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that sleep-disordered breathing is related to elevated blood pressure independent of confounding factors.
Methods: The sample included 1060 employed women and men aged 30 through 60 years who had completed an overnight protocol as part of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. In-laboratory polysomnography was used to determine sleep-disordered breathing status, quantified as the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index). Blood pressure was measured on the night polysomnography was performed.
Results: Blood pressure increased linearly with increasing apnea-hypopnea index (P = .003 for systolic, P = .01 for diastolic, adjusted for confounding factors). The magnitude of the linear association increased with decreasing obesity. At a body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 30 kg/m2, an apnea-hypopnea index of 15 (vs 0) was associated with blood pressure increases of 3.6 mm Hg for systolic (95% confidence interval, 1.3-6.0) and 1.8 mm Hg for diastolic (95% confidence interval, 0.3-3.3). The odds ratio for hypertension associated with an apnea-hypopnea index of 15 (vs 0) was 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.4).
Conclusions: There is a dose-response relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and blood pressure, independent of known confounding factors. If causal, the high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing could account for hypertension in a substantial number of adults in the United States.
Similar articles
- Smoking as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing.
Wetter DW, Young TB, Bidwell TR, Badr MS, Palta M. Wetter DW, et al. Arch Intern Med. 1994 Oct 10;154(19):2219-24. Arch Intern Med. 1994. PMID: 7944843 - Menopausal status and sleep-disordered breathing in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.
Young T, Finn L, Austin D, Peterson A. Young T, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 May 1;167(9):1181-5. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200209-1055OC. Epub 2003 Feb 13. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003. PMID: 12615621 - Hormone replacement therapy and sleep-disordered breathing.
Shahar E, Redline S, Young T, Boland LL, Baldwin CM, Nieto FJ, O'Connor GT, Rapoport DM, Robbins JA. Shahar E, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 May 1;167(9):1186-92. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200210-1238OC. Epub 2003 Jan 16. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003. PMID: 12531779 - [Sleep apnea syndromes and cardiovascular disease].
Bounhoure JP, Galinier M, Didier A, Leophonte P. Bounhoure JP, et al. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2005 Mar;189(3):445-59; discussion 460-4. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2005. PMID: 16149210 Review. French. - [Epidemiology. Risk factors and genetic influence].
Pin Arboledas G, Roselló AL, Alarcó MC, Safort MM. Pin Arboledas G, et al. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2010 Dec;61 Suppl 1:7-13. doi: 10.1016/S0001-6519(10)71239-5. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2010. PMID: 21354487 Review. Spanish.
Cited by
- PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone and Antagonist GW9662: Antihypertensive Effects on Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension in Rats.
Zhang N, Wei F, Ning S, Hu J, Shi H, Yao Z, Tang M, Zhang Y, Gong J, Ge J, Cui Z. Zhang N, et al. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2024 Aug;17(4):803-815. doi: 10.1007/s12265-024-10499-6. Epub 2024 Feb 27. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2024. PMID: 38411834 - Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension: the impact of sex hormones.
Appiah CB, Gardner JJ, Farmer GE, Cunningham RL, Cunningham JT. Appiah CB, et al. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2024 May 1;326(5):R333-R345. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00258.2023. Epub 2024 Feb 26. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2024. PMID: 38406843 Free PMC article. Review. - Craniofacial morphology in Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients.
Ciavarella D, Lorusso M, Campobasso A, Cazzolla AP, Montaruli G, Burlon G, Lo Muzio E, Laurenziello M, Tepedino M. Ciavarella D, et al. J Clin Exp Dent. 2023 Dec 1;15(12):e999-e1006. doi: 10.4317/jced.61104. eCollection 2023 Dec. J Clin Exp Dent. 2023. PMID: 38186919 Free PMC article. - Innate Sleep Apnea in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Is Associated With Microvascular Rarefaction and Neuronal Loss in the preBötzinger Complex.
Roberts R, Huckstepp RTR. Roberts R, et al. Stroke. 2023 Dec;54(12):3141-3152. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044732. Epub 2023 Nov 27. Stroke. 2023. PMID: 38011231 Free PMC article. - Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Prevalent Hypertension in Men With and Without HIV.
Punjabi NM, Brown TT, Abreu AR, Aurora RN, Patel SR, Stosor V, Cho JH, D'Souza G, Wallace D, Margolick JB. Punjabi NM, et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2023 Dec 1;94(4):349-354. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003276. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2023. PMID: 37643405
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical