Typhoid fever in the United States, 1985-1994: changing risks of international travel and increasing antimicrobial resistance - PubMed (original) (raw)
Typhoid fever in the United States, 1985-1994: changing risks of international travel and increasing antimicrobial resistance
J H Mermin et al. Arch Intern Med. 1998.
Abstract
Background: Typhoid fever is a potentially fatal illness common in the less industrialized world. In the United States, the majority of cases occur in travelers to other countries.
Methods: We reviewed surveillance forms submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, for patients with culture-confirmed typhoid fever between 1985 and 1994.
Results: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received report forms for 2445 cases of typhoid fever. Median age of patients was 24 years (range, 0-89 years). Ten (0.4%) died. Seventy-two percent reported international travel within the 30 days before onset of illness. Six countries accounted for 80% of cases: Mexico (28%), India (25%), the Philippines (10%), Pakistan (8%), El Salvador (5%), and Haiti (4%). The percentage of cases associated with visiting Mexico decreased from 46% in 1985 to 23% in 1994, while the percentage of cases associated with visiting the Indian subcontinent increased from 25% in 1985 to 37% in 1994. The incidence of typhoid fever in US citizens traveling to the Indian subcontinent was at least 18 times higher than for any other geographic region. Complete data on antimicrobial susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were reported for 330 (13%) Salmonella Typhi isolates. Isolates from 1990 to 1994 were more likely than isolates from 1985 to 1989 to be resistant to any of these antimicrobial agents (30% vs 12%; P<.001) and to be resistant to all 3 agents (12% vs 0.6%; P<.001).
Conclusions: American travelers to less industrialized countries, especially those traveling to the Indian subcontinent, continue to be at risk for typhoid fever. Antimicrobial resistance has increased, and a quinolone or third-generation cephalosporin may be the best choice for empirical treatment of typhoid fever.
Similar articles
- Changing Patterns in Enteric Fever Incidence and Increasing Antibiotic Resistance of Enteric Fever Isolates in the United States, 2008-2012.
Date KA, Newton AE, Medalla F, Blackstock A, Richardson L, McCullough A, Mintz ED, Mahon BE. Date KA, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 1;63(3):322-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw232. Epub 2016 Apr 18. Clin Infect Dis. 2016. PMID: 27090993 Free PMC article. - Typhoid fever in the United States, 1999-2006.
Lynch MF, Blanton EM, Bulens S, Polyak C, Vojdani J, Stevenson J, Medalla F, Barzilay E, Joyce K, Barrett T, Mintz ED. Lynch MF, et al. JAMA. 2009 Aug 26;302(8):859-65. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1229. JAMA. 2009. PMID: 19706859 - Laboratory-based surveillance of Salmonella serotype Typhi infections in the United States: antimicrobial resistance on the rise.
Ackers ML, Puhr ND, Tauxe RV, Mintz ED. Ackers ML, et al. JAMA. 2000 May 24-31;283(20):2668-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.20.2668. JAMA. 2000. PMID: 10819949 - Enteric fever: a travel medicine oriented view.
Meltzer E, Schwartz E. Meltzer E, et al. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010 Oct;23(5):432-7. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833c7ca1. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010. PMID: 20613510 Review. - Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi: a worldwide epidemic.
Rowe B, Ward LR, Threlfall EJ. Rowe B, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24 Suppl 1:S106-9. doi: 10.1093/clinids/24.supplement_1.s106. Clin Infect Dis. 1997. PMID: 8994789 Review.
Cited by
- Travel-Related Antimicrobial Resistance: A Systematic Review.
Bokhary H, Pangesti KNA, Rashid H, Abd El Ghany M, Hill-Cawthorne GA. Bokhary H, et al. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 16;6(1):11. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010011. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2021. PMID: 33467065 Free PMC article. Review. - Self-reported illness among Boston-area international travelers: A prospective study.
Chen LH, Han PV, Wilson ME, Stoney RJ, Jentes ES, Benoit C, Ooi WW, Barnett ED, Hamer DH. Chen LH, et al. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016 Nov-Dec;14(6):604-613. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.09.009. Epub 2016 Oct 2. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016. PMID: 27687076 Free PMC article. - Changing Patterns in Enteric Fever Incidence and Increasing Antibiotic Resistance of Enteric Fever Isolates in the United States, 2008-2012.
Date KA, Newton AE, Medalla F, Blackstock A, Richardson L, McCullough A, Mintz ED, Mahon BE. Date KA, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 1;63(3):322-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw232. Epub 2016 Apr 18. Clin Infect Dis. 2016. PMID: 27090993 Free PMC article. - A Large-Scale Community-Based Outbreak of Paratyphoid Fever Caused by Hospital-Derived Transmission in Southern China.
Yan M, Yang B, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Pang B, Diao B, Yang R, Wu S, Klena JD, Kan B. Yan M, et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jul 17;9(7):e0003859. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003859. eCollection 2015. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015. PMID: 26186586 Free PMC article. - Typhoid fever acquired in the United States, 1999-2010: epidemiology, microbiology, and use of a space-time scan statistic for outbreak detection.
Imanishi M, Newton AE, Vieira AR, Gonzalez-Aviles G, Kendall Scott ME, Manikonda K, Maxwell TN, Halpin JL, Freeman MM, Medalla F, Ayers TL, Derado G, Mahon BE, Mintz ED. Imanishi M, et al. Epidemiol Infect. 2015 Aug;143(11):2343-54. doi: 10.1017/S0950268814003021. Epub 2014 Nov 27. Epidemiol Infect. 2015. PMID: 25427666 Free PMC article.
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical