Exposure to trihalomethanes and adverse pregnancy outcomes - PubMed (original) (raw)

Affiliations

PMID: 9730025

Exposure to trihalomethanes and adverse pregnancy outcomes

M D Gallagher et al. Epidemiology. 1998 Sep.

Abstract

Exposure during pregnancy to disinfection by-products in drinking water has been hypothesized to lead to several adverse reproductive outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study to examine the relation of trihalomethane exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy to low birthweight, term low birthweight, and preterm delivery. We matched Colorado birth certificates from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1993, to historical water sample data with respect to time and location of maternal residence based on census block groups. After excluding births from all census block groups with no trihalomethane sample data and restricting to singleton white births with 28-42 weeks of completed gestation (>400 gm), we studied 1,893 livebirths within 28 census block groups. We found a weak association of trihalomethane exposure during the third trimester with low birthweight (odds ratio = 2.1 for the highest exposure level; 95% confidence interval = 1.0-4.8); a large increase in risk for term low birthweight at the highest level of exposure (odds ratio = 5.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.0-17.0); and no association between exposure and preterm delivery (odds ratio = 1.0 for the highest exposure level; 95% confidence interval = 0.3-2.8). The small number of adverse outcomes reduced the precision of risk estimates, but these data indicate a potentially important relation between third trimester exposure to trihalomethanes and retarded fetal growth.

PubMed Disclaimer

Comment in

Disinfection by-products and adverse pregnancy outcomes: what is the agent and how should it be measured?
Swan SH, Waller K. Swan SH, et al. Epidemiology. 1998 Sep;9(5):479-81. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199809000-00001. Epidemiology. 1998. PMID: 9730023 Review. No abstract available.

Cited by

Examining the association between safe drinking water act violations and adverse birth outcomes in Virginia.
Young HA, Kolivras KN, Krometis LH, Marcillo CE, Gohlke JM. Young HA, et al. Environ Res. 2023 Feb 1;218:114977. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114977. Epub 2022 Dec 1. Environ Res. 2023. PMID: 36463994 Free PMC article.
Drug use disorder following early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study.
Aschengrau A, Grippo A, Winter MR, Shea MG, White RF, Saitz R. Aschengrau A, et al. Environ Health. 2020 Sep 17;19(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12940-020-00638-2. Environ Health. 2020. PMID: 32943075 Free PMC article.
Reproductive and developmental health effects of prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water.
Aschengrau A , Winter MR , Gallagher LG , Vieira VM , Butler LJ , Fabian MP , Carwile JL , Wesselink AK , Mahalingaiah S , Janulewicz PA , Weinberg JM , Webster TF , Ozonoff DM . Aschengrau A , et al. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2020 Mar 1;22(3):555-566. doi: 10.1039/c9em00590k. Epub 2020 Feb 13. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2020. PMID: 32051987 Free PMC article.
The Impact of the Flint Water Crisis on Fertility.
Grossman DS, Slusky DJG. Grossman DS, et al. Demography. 2019 Dec;56(6):2005-2031. doi: 10.1007/s13524-019-00831-0. Demography. 2019. PMID: 31808102
Environmental Contaminants Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review.
Porpora MG, Piacenti I, Scaramuzzino S, Masciullo L, Rech F, Benedetti Panici P. Porpora MG, et al. Toxics. 2019 Mar 1;7(1):11. doi: 10.3390/toxics7010011. Toxics. 2019. PMID: 30832205 Free PMC article. Review.

Exposure to trihalomethanes and adverse pregnancy outcomes - PubMed (original) (raw)