mtDNA haplogroup X: An ancient link between Europe/Western Asia and North America? - PubMed (original) (raw)
mtDNA haplogroup X: An ancient link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?
M D Brown et al. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Dec.
Abstract
On the basis of comprehensive RFLP analysis, it has been inferred that approximately 97% of Native American mtDNAs belong to one of four major founding mtDNA lineages, designated haplogroups "A"-"D." It has been proposed that a fifth mtDNA haplogroup (haplogroup X) represents a minor founding lineage in Native Americans. Unlike haplogroups A-D, haplogroup X is also found at low frequencies in modern European populations. To investigate the origins, diversity, and continental relationships of this haplogroup, we performed mtDNA high-resolution RFLP and complete control region (CR) sequence analysis on 22 putative Native American haplogroup X and 14 putative European haplogroup X mtDNAs. The results identified a consensus haplogroup X motif that characterizes our European and Native American samples. Among Native Americans, haplogroup X appears to be essentially restricted to northern Amerindian groups, including the Ojibwa, the Nuu-Chah-Nulth, the Sioux, and the Yakima, although we also observed this haplogroup in the Na-Dene-speaking Navajo. Median network analysis indicated that European and Native American haplogroup X mtDNAs, although distinct, nevertheless are distantly related to each other. Time estimates for the arrival of X in North America are 12,000-36,000 years ago, depending on the number of assumed founders, thus supporting the conclusion that the peoples harboring haplogroup X were among the original founders of Native American populations. To date, haplogroup X has not been unambiguously identified in Asia, raising the possibility that some Native American founders were of Caucasian ancestry.
Similar articles
- Resolving mitochondrial haplogroups B2 and B4 with next-generation mitogenome sequencing to distinguish Native American from Asian haplotypes.
Wood MR, Sturk-Andreaggi K, Ring JD, Huber N, Bodner M, Crawford MH, Parson W, Marshall C. Wood MR, et al. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2019 Nov;43:102143. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102143. Epub 2019 Aug 13. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2019. PMID: 31473588 - Large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans suggests a reappraisal of Native American origins.
Kumar S, Bellis C, Zlojutro M, Melton PE, Blangero J, Curran JE. Kumar S, et al. BMC Evol Biol. 2011 Oct 7;11:293. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-293. BMC Evol Biol. 2011. PMID: 21978175 Free PMC article. - mtDNA variation of aboriginal Siberians reveals distinct genetic affinities with Native Americans.
Torroni A, Sukernik RI, Schurr TG, Starikorskaya YB, Cabell MF, Crawford MH, Comuzzie AG, Wallace DC. Torroni A, et al. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Sep;53(3):591-608. Am J Hum Genet. 1993. PMID: 7688933 Free PMC article. - Distribution of four founding mtDNA haplogroups among Native North Americans.
Lorenz JG, Smith DG. Lorenz JG, et al. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Nov;101(3):307-23. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199611)101:3<307::AID-AJPA1>3.0.CO;2-W. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996. PMID: 8922178 Review. - Patterns of mtDNA diversity in northwestern North America.
Malhi RS, Breece KE, Shook BA, Kaestle FA, Chatters JC, Hackenberger S, Smith DG. Malhi RS, et al. Hum Biol. 2004 Feb;76(1):33-54. doi: 10.1353/hub.2004.0023. Hum Biol. 2004. PMID: 15222679 Review.
Cited by
- Y-chromosome evidence for differing ancient demographic histories in the Americas.
Bortolini MC, Salzano FM, Thomas MG, Stuart S, Nasanen SP, Bau CH, Hutz MH, Layrisse Z, Petzl-Erler ML, Tsuneto LT, Hill K, Hurtado AM, Castro-de-Guerra D, Torres MM, Groot H, Michalski R, Nymadawa P, Bedoya G, Bradman N, Labuda D, Ruiz-Linares A. Bortolini MC, et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Sep;73(3):524-39. doi: 10.1086/377588. Epub 2003 Jul 28. Am J Hum Genet. 2003. PMID: 12900798 Free PMC article. - Assessing inflammatory bowel disease-associated antibodies in Caucasian and First Nations cohorts.
Bernstein CN, El-Gabalawy H, Sargent M, Landers C, Rawsthorne P, Elias B, Targan SR. Bernstein CN, et al. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 May;25(5):269-73. doi: 10.1155/2011/712350. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011. PMID: 21647462 Free PMC article. - Rapid coastal spread of First Americans: novel insights from South America's Southern Cone mitochondrial genomes.
Bodner M, Perego UA, Huber G, Fendt L, Röck AW, Zimmermann B, Olivieri A, Gómez-Carballa A, Lancioni H, Angerhofer N, Bobillo MC, Corach D, Woodward SR, Salas A, Achilli A, Torroni A, Bandelt HJ, Parson W. Bodner M, et al. Genome Res. 2012 May;22(5):811-20. doi: 10.1101/gr.131722.111. Epub 2012 Feb 14. Genome Res. 2012. PMID: 22333566 Free PMC article. - The initial peopling of the Americas: a growing number of founding mitochondrial genomes from Beringia.
Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Pala M, Olivieri A, Lancioni H, Hooshiar Kashani B, Carossa V, Ekins JE, Gómez-Carballa A, Huber G, Zimmermann B, Corach D, Babudri N, Panara F, Myres NM, Parson W, Semino O, Salas A, Woodward SR, Achilli A, Torroni A. Perego UA, et al. Genome Res. 2010 Sep;20(9):1174-9. doi: 10.1101/gr.109231.110. Epub 2010 Jun 29. Genome Res. 2010. PMID: 20587512 Free PMC article. - Arrival of Paleo-Indians to the southern cone of South America: new clues from mitogenomes.
de Saint Pierre M, Gandini F, Perego UA, Bodner M, Gómez-Carballa A, Corach D, Angerhofer N, Woodward SR, Semino O, Salas A, Parson W, Moraga M, Achilli A, Torroni A, Olivieri A. de Saint Pierre M, et al. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51311. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051311. Epub 2012 Dec 11. PLoS One. 2012. PMID: 23240014 Free PMC article.
References
- J Mol Evol. 1979 Jul 18;13(2):127-49 - PubMed
- Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Sep;61(3):691-704 - PubMed
- Genetics. 1983 Sep;105(1):207-17 - PubMed
- Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Feb;48(2):370-82 - PubMed
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8720-4 - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources