Regulation of Cdc28 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during the cell cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Regulation of Cdc28 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during the cell cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

M D Mendenhall et al. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Dec.

Abstract

The cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) encoded by CDC28 is the master regulator of cell division in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By mechanisms that, for the most part, remain to be delineated, Cdc28 activity controls the timing of mitotic commitment, bud initiation, DNA replication, spindle formation, and chromosome separation. Environmental stimuli and progress through the cell cycle are monitored through checkpoint mechanisms that influence Cdc28 activity at key cell cycle stages. A vast body of information concerning how Cdc28 activity is timed and coordinated with various mitotic events has accrued. This article reviews that literature. Following an introduction to the properties of CDKs common to many eukaryotic species, the key influences on Cdc28 activity-cyclin-CKI binding and phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events-are examined. The processes controlling the abundance and activity of key Cdc28 regulators, especially transcriptional and proteolytic mechanisms, are then discussed in detail. Finally, the mechanisms by which environmental stimuli influence Cdc28 activity are summarized.

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Figures

FIG. 1

FIG. 1

Simplified outline of the relationships among major cell cycle regulators during the G1-to-S transition. Arrows indicates stimulatory interaction, lines ending in a “T” indicate inhibitory interactions.

FIG. 2

FIG. 2

Birth, life, and death of Cln3. An outline of processes influencing the synthesis, activation, and destruction of Cln3 is shown. Heavy, open arrowheads indicate transitions involving CLN3 and its gene product. Lighter, solid arrowheads denote cellular components and environmental influences that positively regulate the indicates tep. T-shaped lines denote cellular components and environmental influences that negatively regulate the indicated step. The circled “P” indicates a phosphorylated protein, “ubi-” indicates a ubiquitinated protein. Indicated relationships may be indirect, and some steps are speculative. See the text for details.

FIG. 3

FIG. 3

Processes centered around Clb2 activation, regulation, and destruction. Conventions and caveats are as in Fig. 2.

FIG. 4

FIG. 4

Relationships among genes transcribed in the G2 wave of cell cycle-dependent transcription and their regulators. Transcription factors are outlined with diamond-shaped boxes. Proteins with other activities have rectangular outlines. Other conventions are as in Fig. 2.

FIG. 5

FIG. 5

Relationships among genes transcribed in the M/G1 wave of cell cycle-dependent transcription and their regulators. Conventions are as in Fig. 4.

FIG. 6

FIG. 6

Relationships among genes transcribed at Start and their regulators. Conventions are as in Fig. 4.

FIG. 7

FIG. 7

Relationships between SCF components and their substrates. Cln3 ubiquitination is shown to be catalyzed by SCFCdc4 for convenience; this has yet to be shown experimentally. Conventions are as in Fig. 2.

FIG. 8

FIG. 8

Model for the pheromone response, focusing on regulation of Cln-Cdc28 activity. Conventions are as in Fig. 2.

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