Lakhwinder Singh | Punjabi University (original) (raw)

Papers by Lakhwinder Singh

Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run effect of human capital accumulatio... more Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run effect of human capital accumulation on the income distribution of a developing economy such as Ethiopia. Study design: The study is based on time series data covering the period from 1980/1981 to 2019/2020. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds co-integration test and error correction model approach is employed as a method of econometric estimation. Findings: The bounds test revealed a significant and stable long-run equilibrium relationships exist between income inequality (Gini coefficient) and its dynamic regressors of human capital accumulation indicators as well as other explanatory variables. Results of the estimated long-run selected model indicated that secondary and tertiary education attainments as well as total fertility rate have a significant un-equalizing income distribution effect on the country's economy at the conventional level of significance in the long run. On the contrary, primary education attainment of the labor force has a positive and statistically significant impact on the country's distribution of income at the standard level of significance. On the contrary, the employment-to-population size ratio has a positive effect, but financial development and institutional and governance quality have an adverse effect on the income distribution of the country in the long run. With respect to the short-run error correction model result, a temporary disequilibrium level of income distribution in the previous period is corrected by approximately 0.9284 in the current period to bring back to a stable long-run equilibrium. Based on these findings, it is important to strengthen and improve the country's education and health service system for those individuals who are marginalized and deprived from these levels of social services. Originality/value: A few empirical studies on the dynamics between human capital and income distribution have been conducted at crosscountry using average years of schooling as a proxy measure of human capital. The novelty of this study is that it examines the relationship between human capital and income distribution at a single country level using the ARDL bounds co-integration and error correction model approach. Furthermore, human capital accumulation is proxied by both education capital (disaggregated by primary, secondary, and tertiary educational attainments) and health capital

Seoul Journal of Economics, 2023

Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well as increasing the influence of innov... more Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well
as increasing the influence of innovations. Economic theory of
income inequality-innovation nexus and empirical evidence are
counter intuitive. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine
a comparative analysis of income inequality, innovation and human
capital relationship among the 15 Asia-Pacific countries using timeseries data from 1990 to 2020. The study employs the Augmented
Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root test methods to examine
the stationarity of variables and the ARDL bounds co-integration
approach to estimate the long run relationship between income
inequality, innovation and human capital development. Results of
the bounds co-integration test indicated that there is a long run
equilibrium relationship between income inequality, innovation and
human capital in both models with interaction term and without
interaction term for all the 15 countries. With human capital as a
mediating variable, findings of the long run ARDL model indicated
that innovation variable adversely affects income inequality across
countries and over time in majority of the sampled countries. This
study examined the innovation-inequality connection over time and
unraveled the puzzle why innovations generate income inequality
in some countries but not in others. Therefore, it is suggested that
there is a dire need to relook at the innovation system that should
use both bottom-up and top-down approach with a right mix to
have an impact on the reduction of income inequality in the long
run.

Millennial Asia, 2018

The structural change in an economy is an important feature of the economic development process. ... more The structural change in an economy is an important feature of the economic development process. Structural change becomes a potential source of growth in an economy as it induces reallocation of labour from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors, thus leading to fuller and better utilization of overall resources. This article studies the relationship between structural change and growth in 15 major states of India over the 30-year period from 1983–1984 to 2014–2015. The study aims at discovering whether structural changes have contributed to economic growth of these states or otherwise. This is achieved by decomposing the overall labour productivity growth of states into contribution by structural change and within sector change. The results show that in all the states under study structural changes have contributed positively to growth; however, contribution of within sector changes is found to be much more than structural change in all states except Maharashtra.

African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 2016

In the modern era, the success of a developing economy has become more dependent on the capacity ... more In the modern era, the success of a developing economy has become more dependent on the capacity to produce and use knowledge, which leads to the emergence of a knowledge economy. Keeping in view the significance of the knowledge economy in the economic growth of economies, in the present study an attempt has been made to examine the inter-country differences across the selected developing economies. In addition to it, to analyse the impact of knowledge on economic level as well as on economic growth across 42 selected developing economies, regression analysis was applied. The results of the study reveal that there is positive correlation between the knowledge economy index and economic level, but there is very weak marginal effect of the knowledge economy on economic growth.

Seoul Journal of Economics, 2023

Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well as increasing the influence of innov... more Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well
as increasing the influence of innovations. Economic theory of
income inequality-innovation nexus and empirical evidence are
counter intuitive. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine
a comparative analysis of income inequality, innovation and human
capital relationship among the 15 Asia-Pacific countries using timeseries data from 1990 to 2020. The study employs the Augmented
Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root test methods to examine
the stationarity of variables and the ARDL bounds co-integration
approach to estimate the long run relationship between income
inequality, innovation and human capital development. Results of
the bounds co-integration test indicated that there is a long run
equilibrium relationship between income inequality, innovation and
human capital in both models with interaction term and without
interaction term for all the 15 countries. With human capital as a
mediating variable, findings of the long run ARDL model indicated
that innovation variable adversely affects income inequality across
countries and over time in majority of the sampled countries. This
study examined the innovation-inequality connection over time and
unraveled the puzzle why innovations generate income inequality
in some countries but not in others. Therefore, it is suggested that
there is a dire need to relook at the innovation system that should
use both bottom-up and top-down approach with a right mix to
have an impact on the reduction of income inequality in the long
run.

Sustainability Driven Initiatives in Indian Higher Education Institutions, 2023

A common challenge global community living on earth has been facing is climate change. A rising t... more A common challenge global community living on earth has been facing is climate change. A rising temperature on earth, melting glaciers, rising sea level, erratic rainfall and increasing severity of heatwaves as well as of cold waves are the causes and consequences of human activity on earth. Covid-19 pandemic is also considered the consequence of destruction of habitat of the species. Covid-19 pandemic has caused a huge impact both on humans and economic activities. The rising global debt and setting of the recessionary tendencies in the global economy are due mainly caused by the big shock in the guise of Covid-19 pandemic. In the post-first industrial revolution, several scholars had warned global community regarding adverse consequences of intensive energy use in the production processes and sustainability of the rising population on the planet earth. It was the scientific community in the late 1960s and 1970s led social movements that generated awareness regarding consequences that general population had faced. In the 1980s, the United Nations took it seriously to develop an institutional architecture for arriving at a suitable public policy solution to address the sustainability issues faced by the global community. On the road to fix the responsibility, the evidence-based approach was adopted, and targets were fixed to mitigate the root cause of greenhouse gas emissions. Despite engagement of the governments, NGOs and scientific community globally, the coordination of both the economic and political leadership has not implemented concrete policies suggested by the United Nations and rather followed 'business as usual' approach. But this has generated awareness across the board and further developed 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030 for ensuring human and planetary wellbeing. It is widely held view that there is close connection between education and sustainable development. Higher education has been perceived as a catalytic agent to make humans life long learners that is the skill required to achieve SDGs. Moreover, the innovations result from higher educational institutions that can be a handy tool to convert challenges such as climate change into opportunities. The higher educational institutions have a capacity to develop novel solution that range from low to high end and also model the change in the behaviour of the society to foster sustainable development. In a novel initiative, Surender Mor, Sonu Madan and Madhushree Das editors of the book entitled 'Sustainability driven Initiatives in Indian Higher Education Institutions' have incorporated select twelve chapters contributed by the eminent scholars-young and experienced. The contributions are organized into two broad subjects, that is, higher educational institutions and pathways to sustainability and initiatives towards sustainable development. As per the contents and its emphasis on India-an emerging global power, the book fills the gap in literature on the role of higher educational institutions in achieving sustainable development goals and fostering planet earth's wellbeing. It is a must read for public policy makers, social scientists, development studies scholars, and administrators of higher educational institutions alike. It is a primer on implementing greenhouse gas emissions mitigating strategies at the grassroot level. Hopefully, the volume will attract a wider attention and will generate discussion to build a better world for the humanity to live in.

Mainstream Weekly, 2023

This paper traces the evolution of the economic development process of the Punjab economy since ... more This paper traces the evolution of the economic development process of the
Punjab economy since the green revolution. Apart from identifying the factors
that have contributed to the rise and fall of the Punjab economy, alternative
public policy solutions are suggested to rejuvenate the Punjab economy.

Citeseer

This paper focuses on the impact of technology and structural change on the aggregate productivit... more This paper focuses on the impact of technology and structural change on the aggregate productivity growth in the manufacturing sector of South Korea, using the eight firm size classes over the period 1970-2000. The conventional shift-share analysis is used to measure the impact of shift of both labour and capital inputs. The results show that structural change on an average was conducive to productivity growth during the 1970s and this pattern reversed afterwards. Small and medium industries were more dynamic in terms of reallocation of resources; however, the dominance of large-sized firms in the manufacturing sector outweighed the positive impact of that reallocation. Deliberate state policy favouring large-sized firms has impeded the restructuring process facilitated by technical progress, the penalty for which has been paid in terms of forgone growth.

Abstract: Innovations spur growth and economic transformation is widely acclaimed in economic gro... more Abstract: Innovations spur growth and economic transformation is widely acclaimed in economic growth literature. The transition in the national innovation system is the fundamental determinant of long-run economic growth and development. This is being reflected through the changes which are occurring in the economic structure of an economy as well as in the structure of the innovation system. Since the national economies are growing in the interdependent world, therefore national innovation system is continuously being influenced by the changes occurring in other parts of the world. Transformation of East Asian countries from imitation to reaching the frontier areas of innovations in a short span of time is a question that has been explored in this paper. Asian continent has emerged as the hub of innovative activities in the fast pace of globalization. Within Asian continent, there are wide differentials in the stage of economic development and transformation as well as in the natio...

The national system of innovations in the recent phase of globalization has undergone dramatic st... more The national system of innovations in the recent phase of globalization has undergone dramatic structural transformation. Innovations entails organizational as well as changes in the rules of the game. The history of economic development of the developing and newly industrializing economies shows that national systems of innovation have evolved keeping in view the most pressing requirements of the national economic development. The knowledge generation and transmission are the two essential characteristics of national innovation system that connects the users and producers of knowledge and also allows institutional arrangements to functions as a feedback system. The institutional arrangements are being altered substantially to allow capital to move freely across national borders on the one side and strict trade related intellectual property rights on the other. How these arrangements have affected the national system of innovation both in the developed and developing countries durin...

This study attempts to investigate the level of transient and persistent technical efficiencies o... more This study attempts to investigate the level of transient and persistent technical efficiencies of large- and medium-scale manufacturing establishments in Ethiopia. A stochastic frontier approach was used for Cobb–Douglas production technology and a panel data set (1996–2015) was developed to obtain the coefficients of technical efficiency. The determinants of both components of efficiency were obtained while using the Tobit model. Results show that labor and real capital input coefficients are statistically significant, with positive input elasticities of 0.54% and 0.19%, respectively. The coefficient of the time trend variable, which captures the effect of exogenous technical progress on real value added by shifting the production frontier, is 0.019 (1.9%). Thus, as a year passes, the production frontier shifts outward due to technical change, which results in the increase of real value by 1.9%. The mean time-varying (short run), persistent (long run), and overall technical efficien...

Agrarian Distress and Farmer Suicides in North India, 2019

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

The Indian state of Punjab, which initially benefited greatly from the Green Revolution, has suff... more The Indian state of Punjab, which initially benefited greatly from the Green Revolution, has suffered from a dramatic rise in agrarian suicides for several decades. We use a carefully constructed sample of over one thousand farmers in the epicenter, and build a three-stage model of agricultural production decisions across multiple input and multiple output choices, indebtedness from multiple sources, and suicide via an IPWRA (inverse probability weighted regression adjustment) treatment model to trace the potential roots of the situation. Results show that the use of informal credit from commission agents by farmers accounts for ten percentage points (or twenty percent) of all suicides in our sample, regardless of other household factors and choices.

This paper provides empirical evidence of the extent and nature of the differences in giowth of r... more This paper provides empirical evidence of the extent and nature of the differences in giowth of real wages in various Punjab manufacturing industries over the period 1973-74 to 1982-83. An attempt has been made to identify the direction in which the inter-industry wage struc ture ...

Working Papers, 1994

Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.

Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run effect of human capital accumulatio... more Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run effect of human capital accumulation on the income distribution of a developing economy such as Ethiopia. Study design: The study is based on time series data covering the period from 1980/1981 to 2019/2020. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds co-integration test and error correction model approach is employed as a method of econometric estimation. Findings: The bounds test revealed a significant and stable long-run equilibrium relationships exist between income inequality (Gini coefficient) and its dynamic regressors of human capital accumulation indicators as well as other explanatory variables. Results of the estimated long-run selected model indicated that secondary and tertiary education attainments as well as total fertility rate have a significant un-equalizing income distribution effect on the country's economy at the conventional level of significance in the long run. On the contrary, primary education attainment of the labor force has a positive and statistically significant impact on the country's distribution of income at the standard level of significance. On the contrary, the employment-to-population size ratio has a positive effect, but financial development and institutional and governance quality have an adverse effect on the income distribution of the country in the long run. With respect to the short-run error correction model result, a temporary disequilibrium level of income distribution in the previous period is corrected by approximately 0.9284 in the current period to bring back to a stable long-run equilibrium. Based on these findings, it is important to strengthen and improve the country's education and health service system for those individuals who are marginalized and deprived from these levels of social services. Originality/value: A few empirical studies on the dynamics between human capital and income distribution have been conducted at crosscountry using average years of schooling as a proxy measure of human capital. The novelty of this study is that it examines the relationship between human capital and income distribution at a single country level using the ARDL bounds co-integration and error correction model approach. Furthermore, human capital accumulation is proxied by both education capital (disaggregated by primary, secondary, and tertiary educational attainments) and health capital

Seoul Journal of Economics, 2023

Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well as increasing the influence of innov... more Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well
as increasing the influence of innovations. Economic theory of
income inequality-innovation nexus and empirical evidence are
counter intuitive. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine
a comparative analysis of income inequality, innovation and human
capital relationship among the 15 Asia-Pacific countries using timeseries data from 1990 to 2020. The study employs the Augmented
Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root test methods to examine
the stationarity of variables and the ARDL bounds co-integration
approach to estimate the long run relationship between income
inequality, innovation and human capital development. Results of
the bounds co-integration test indicated that there is a long run
equilibrium relationship between income inequality, innovation and
human capital in both models with interaction term and without
interaction term for all the 15 countries. With human capital as a
mediating variable, findings of the long run ARDL model indicated
that innovation variable adversely affects income inequality across
countries and over time in majority of the sampled countries. This
study examined the innovation-inequality connection over time and
unraveled the puzzle why innovations generate income inequality
in some countries but not in others. Therefore, it is suggested that
there is a dire need to relook at the innovation system that should
use both bottom-up and top-down approach with a right mix to
have an impact on the reduction of income inequality in the long
run.

Millennial Asia, 2018

The structural change in an economy is an important feature of the economic development process. ... more The structural change in an economy is an important feature of the economic development process. Structural change becomes a potential source of growth in an economy as it induces reallocation of labour from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors, thus leading to fuller and better utilization of overall resources. This article studies the relationship between structural change and growth in 15 major states of India over the 30-year period from 1983–1984 to 2014–2015. The study aims at discovering whether structural changes have contributed to economic growth of these states or otherwise. This is achieved by decomposing the overall labour productivity growth of states into contribution by structural change and within sector change. The results show that in all the states under study structural changes have contributed positively to growth; however, contribution of within sector changes is found to be much more than structural change in all states except Maharashtra.

African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 2016

In the modern era, the success of a developing economy has become more dependent on the capacity ... more In the modern era, the success of a developing economy has become more dependent on the capacity to produce and use knowledge, which leads to the emergence of a knowledge economy. Keeping in view the significance of the knowledge economy in the economic growth of economies, in the present study an attempt has been made to examine the inter-country differences across the selected developing economies. In addition to it, to analyse the impact of knowledge on economic level as well as on economic growth across 42 selected developing economies, regression analysis was applied. The results of the study reveal that there is positive correlation between the knowledge economy index and economic level, but there is very weak marginal effect of the knowledge economy on economic growth.

Seoul Journal of Economics, 2023

Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well as increasing the influence of innov... more Global economy has shown a rising income inequality as well
as increasing the influence of innovations. Economic theory of
income inequality-innovation nexus and empirical evidence are
counter intuitive. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine
a comparative analysis of income inequality, innovation and human
capital relationship among the 15 Asia-Pacific countries using timeseries data from 1990 to 2020. The study employs the Augmented
Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root test methods to examine
the stationarity of variables and the ARDL bounds co-integration
approach to estimate the long run relationship between income
inequality, innovation and human capital development. Results of
the bounds co-integration test indicated that there is a long run
equilibrium relationship between income inequality, innovation and
human capital in both models with interaction term and without
interaction term for all the 15 countries. With human capital as a
mediating variable, findings of the long run ARDL model indicated
that innovation variable adversely affects income inequality across
countries and over time in majority of the sampled countries. This
study examined the innovation-inequality connection over time and
unraveled the puzzle why innovations generate income inequality
in some countries but not in others. Therefore, it is suggested that
there is a dire need to relook at the innovation system that should
use both bottom-up and top-down approach with a right mix to
have an impact on the reduction of income inequality in the long
run.

Sustainability Driven Initiatives in Indian Higher Education Institutions, 2023

A common challenge global community living on earth has been facing is climate change. A rising t... more A common challenge global community living on earth has been facing is climate change. A rising temperature on earth, melting glaciers, rising sea level, erratic rainfall and increasing severity of heatwaves as well as of cold waves are the causes and consequences of human activity on earth. Covid-19 pandemic is also considered the consequence of destruction of habitat of the species. Covid-19 pandemic has caused a huge impact both on humans and economic activities. The rising global debt and setting of the recessionary tendencies in the global economy are due mainly caused by the big shock in the guise of Covid-19 pandemic. In the post-first industrial revolution, several scholars had warned global community regarding adverse consequences of intensive energy use in the production processes and sustainability of the rising population on the planet earth. It was the scientific community in the late 1960s and 1970s led social movements that generated awareness regarding consequences that general population had faced. In the 1980s, the United Nations took it seriously to develop an institutional architecture for arriving at a suitable public policy solution to address the sustainability issues faced by the global community. On the road to fix the responsibility, the evidence-based approach was adopted, and targets were fixed to mitigate the root cause of greenhouse gas emissions. Despite engagement of the governments, NGOs and scientific community globally, the coordination of both the economic and political leadership has not implemented concrete policies suggested by the United Nations and rather followed 'business as usual' approach. But this has generated awareness across the board and further developed 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030 for ensuring human and planetary wellbeing. It is widely held view that there is close connection between education and sustainable development. Higher education has been perceived as a catalytic agent to make humans life long learners that is the skill required to achieve SDGs. Moreover, the innovations result from higher educational institutions that can be a handy tool to convert challenges such as climate change into opportunities. The higher educational institutions have a capacity to develop novel solution that range from low to high end and also model the change in the behaviour of the society to foster sustainable development. In a novel initiative, Surender Mor, Sonu Madan and Madhushree Das editors of the book entitled 'Sustainability driven Initiatives in Indian Higher Education Institutions' have incorporated select twelve chapters contributed by the eminent scholars-young and experienced. The contributions are organized into two broad subjects, that is, higher educational institutions and pathways to sustainability and initiatives towards sustainable development. As per the contents and its emphasis on India-an emerging global power, the book fills the gap in literature on the role of higher educational institutions in achieving sustainable development goals and fostering planet earth's wellbeing. It is a must read for public policy makers, social scientists, development studies scholars, and administrators of higher educational institutions alike. It is a primer on implementing greenhouse gas emissions mitigating strategies at the grassroot level. Hopefully, the volume will attract a wider attention and will generate discussion to build a better world for the humanity to live in.

Mainstream Weekly, 2023

This paper traces the evolution of the economic development process of the Punjab economy since ... more This paper traces the evolution of the economic development process of the
Punjab economy since the green revolution. Apart from identifying the factors
that have contributed to the rise and fall of the Punjab economy, alternative
public policy solutions are suggested to rejuvenate the Punjab economy.

Citeseer

This paper focuses on the impact of technology and structural change on the aggregate productivit... more This paper focuses on the impact of technology and structural change on the aggregate productivity growth in the manufacturing sector of South Korea, using the eight firm size classes over the period 1970-2000. The conventional shift-share analysis is used to measure the impact of shift of both labour and capital inputs. The results show that structural change on an average was conducive to productivity growth during the 1970s and this pattern reversed afterwards. Small and medium industries were more dynamic in terms of reallocation of resources; however, the dominance of large-sized firms in the manufacturing sector outweighed the positive impact of that reallocation. Deliberate state policy favouring large-sized firms has impeded the restructuring process facilitated by technical progress, the penalty for which has been paid in terms of forgone growth.

Abstract: Innovations spur growth and economic transformation is widely acclaimed in economic gro... more Abstract: Innovations spur growth and economic transformation is widely acclaimed in economic growth literature. The transition in the national innovation system is the fundamental determinant of long-run economic growth and development. This is being reflected through the changes which are occurring in the economic structure of an economy as well as in the structure of the innovation system. Since the national economies are growing in the interdependent world, therefore national innovation system is continuously being influenced by the changes occurring in other parts of the world. Transformation of East Asian countries from imitation to reaching the frontier areas of innovations in a short span of time is a question that has been explored in this paper. Asian continent has emerged as the hub of innovative activities in the fast pace of globalization. Within Asian continent, there are wide differentials in the stage of economic development and transformation as well as in the natio...

The national system of innovations in the recent phase of globalization has undergone dramatic st... more The national system of innovations in the recent phase of globalization has undergone dramatic structural transformation. Innovations entails organizational as well as changes in the rules of the game. The history of economic development of the developing and newly industrializing economies shows that national systems of innovation have evolved keeping in view the most pressing requirements of the national economic development. The knowledge generation and transmission are the two essential characteristics of national innovation system that connects the users and producers of knowledge and also allows institutional arrangements to functions as a feedback system. The institutional arrangements are being altered substantially to allow capital to move freely across national borders on the one side and strict trade related intellectual property rights on the other. How these arrangements have affected the national system of innovation both in the developed and developing countries durin...

This study attempts to investigate the level of transient and persistent technical efficiencies o... more This study attempts to investigate the level of transient and persistent technical efficiencies of large- and medium-scale manufacturing establishments in Ethiopia. A stochastic frontier approach was used for Cobb–Douglas production technology and a panel data set (1996–2015) was developed to obtain the coefficients of technical efficiency. The determinants of both components of efficiency were obtained while using the Tobit model. Results show that labor and real capital input coefficients are statistically significant, with positive input elasticities of 0.54% and 0.19%, respectively. The coefficient of the time trend variable, which captures the effect of exogenous technical progress on real value added by shifting the production frontier, is 0.019 (1.9%). Thus, as a year passes, the production frontier shifts outward due to technical change, which results in the increase of real value by 1.9%. The mean time-varying (short run), persistent (long run), and overall technical efficien...

Agrarian Distress and Farmer Suicides in North India, 2019

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

The Indian state of Punjab, which initially benefited greatly from the Green Revolution, has suff... more The Indian state of Punjab, which initially benefited greatly from the Green Revolution, has suffered from a dramatic rise in agrarian suicides for several decades. We use a carefully constructed sample of over one thousand farmers in the epicenter, and build a three-stage model of agricultural production decisions across multiple input and multiple output choices, indebtedness from multiple sources, and suicide via an IPWRA (inverse probability weighted regression adjustment) treatment model to trace the potential roots of the situation. Results show that the use of informal credit from commission agents by farmers accounts for ten percentage points (or twenty percent) of all suicides in our sample, regardless of other household factors and choices.

This paper provides empirical evidence of the extent and nature of the differences in giowth of r... more This paper provides empirical evidence of the extent and nature of the differences in giowth of real wages in various Punjab manufacturing industries over the period 1973-74 to 1982-83. An attempt has been made to identify the direction in which the inter-industry wage struc ture ...

Working Papers, 1994

Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch ge... more Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.

Routledge, 2023

This book is a rare collection of insightful essays written by eminent scholars of national innov... more This book is a rare collection of insightful essays written by eminent scholars of national innovation systems from around the world. It is very timely as it reflects a deep understanding of the COVID-19-led devastation of both humans and global governance. It presents a critique of the public policy actions taken by the individual countries and proposes viable alternatives striking a new balance between the roles of the state and the markets. The essays have rightly identified major challenges faced by the global economy and proposed reimagining innovation system perspectives to not only overcome them but also propose inclusive and sustainable solutions for them. Editors deserve appreciation for collecting freshly written essays that ignite the minds of the reader and stimulate thinking not only of economists but social scientists and the general public. It is a must-read for development and innovation studies scholars, science policy, social scientists, and public policy-makers alike.