chandan jha | Punjabi University (original) (raw)

Papers by chandan jha

Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by athe... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis which is induced by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the association of certain gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to CAD. Omentin 1 is an adipokine secreted by the visceral adipose tissues and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and enhances insulin sensitivity. In this study, we examined the role of omentin-1 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2274907 A > T and rs2274908 G > A) in CAD. We conclude that the AT genotype and the T allele of the rs2274907 A > T is associated with Cad in the south Indian population. Our results indicated that the rs2274907 SNP may be associated with CAD in this population. This finding needs further validation in well-designed and large-sample size studies before being introduced in clinical settings.

Medical Sciences, 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in India and worldwide. Atherosclerosis ... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in India and worldwide. Atherosclerosis is caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Hypercholesterolemia is an example of a classical risk factor for CVD. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is one of the regulating mechanisms the liver uses for cholesterol homeostasis. Gene variations in the LDLR have been reported to cause hypercholesterolemia and consequently CVD. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in the LDLR (rs5925 and rs1529729) with coronary artery disease (CAD) in 200 coronary artery disease patients and 200 matched healthy controls using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). The results indicated that the CT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was associated a decreased susceptibility to CAD with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23–0.77), risk ratio (RR) = 0.59 (0.39–0.89), P = 0.0047. The TT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was also associated w...

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 2018

Purpose: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a central role in DNA repair and estrogen-indu... more Purpose: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a central role in DNA repair and estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. The nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4 G > A or Val108 > 158Met or rs4680 G > A influences COMT enzyme activity. The three phenotypes of the COMT enzyme activities include COMT A/A with low enzyme activity, COMT A/G with medium enzyme activity and COMT G/G with high enzyme activity. The Met allele is associated with low enzymatic activity resulting in higher levels of prefrontal dopamine. Conversely, the Val allele is associated with high enzymatic activity and lower levels of prefrontal dopamine. The Met allele has been associated with several psychiatric disorders such as panic disorder. Many recent epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and coronary artery diseases risk, but the results are inconclusive. Therefore our study was aimed to explore the association between COMT V...

Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2019

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by athe... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis which is induced by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Traditional environmental risk factors include hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, poor diet and others. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the association of certain gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to CAD. Omentin 1 is an adipokine secreted by the visceral adipose tissues and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and enhances insulin sensitivity. In this study, we examined the role of omentin-1 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2274907 A>T and rs2274908 G>A) in CAD. We genotyped 100 CAD patients and 100 matched healthy controls from the south Indian population using an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) and allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). Our result indicated the rs2274908 G>A is not asso...

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well... more Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well known that miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the development of cardiovascular physiology, thus impacting the pathophysiology of heart diseases. MiRNAs also have been reported to be associated with cardiac reactions, leading to myocardial infarction (MCI) and ultimately heart failure (HF). To prevent these heart diseases, proper and timely diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction is pivotal. Though there are many symptoms associated with an irregular heart condition and though there are some biomarkers available that may indicate heart disease, authentic, specific and sensitive markers are the need of the hour. In recent times, miRNAs have proven to be promising candidates in this regard. They are potent biomarkers as they can be easily detected in body fluids (blood, urine, etc.) due to their remarkable stability and presence in apoptotic bodies and exosomes. Existing studies suggest th...

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, Jan 29, 2018

The low-density lipoprotein receptor is responsible for the binding and uptake of plasma LDL part... more The low-density lipoprotein receptor is responsible for the binding and uptake of plasma LDL particles and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. gene SNP rs688 has been reported to be associated with increased plasma total and LDL cholesterol in several populations and can lead to elevated plasma LDL levels, resulting in an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. This study aimed to explore genetic LDLR variant rs688 for its potential roles in coronary artery disease. This study recruited 200 coronary artery disease patients and 200 healthy individuals. Genotyping of LDLR-rs688C > T gene variations was performed using the allele specific PCR method. Correlation of LDLR-rs688C > T gene variants with different clinicopathological features of coronary artery disease patients was performed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the correlation of this microRNA polymorphism with ...

Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) is the main pest of wheat which destroys the quality and... more Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) is the main pest of wheat which destroys the quality and quantity of wheat, due towhich huge economical loss occurs. The aim of this study was to check the molecular diversity of granary weevils through RAPD. In this experiment, the environmental effect upon its molecular diversity of Sitophilus granarius collected from different regions of Indiawas examined. For PCR-RAPD amplification, 10 decamer primers were used for screening, out of which one primer produced amplicons. After the analysis of RAPD results by Jaccard's similarity coefficient through Gel Quest, 75-91% similarity was found, between all the samples collected from different regions of India.

Through this study the Alizarin was qualtify and quantify from the root of Rubia cordifolia.Vario... more Through this study the Alizarin was qualtify and quantify from the root of Rubia cordifolia.Various methods were used to isolate the important secondary metabolites like anthriquinones, which finds wide application in the medicinal and dye industry. One of the commercially important athriquinone, Alizarin, is widely used as dye in the food and cloth industry.The production of alizarin by hairy roots of R. cordifolia was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The results show that the maximum amount of alizarin production was found in roots grown on MS media as compared to roots grown on other media.

Therapeutic option for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease prevalent in Indi... more Therapeutic option for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease prevalent in India, is limited. Successful chemotherapy with long lasting protection is ensured when the parasite clearance is associated with the induction of Th1 mediated proinflammatory immune response. Search for novel drugs utilizing natural products is considered beneficial. In the present study oral treatment with aqueous solution of soluble coffee granules of Coffea canephora is evaluated for its antileishmanial role against experimental VL in BALB/c mice. UV-visible spectroscopy showed that caffeine and chlorogenic acids were the two major components of the coffee solution. Continual oral intake of soluble coffee for one month showing no hepatic or cardiac toxicity caused partial but significant reduction of parasite burden from both liver and spleen in established infection. Toxicity levels and the parasite clearing efficacy of coffee treatment from liver were comparable with single shot Amphotericin B treatment. Induction of protective cell mediated immune response upon coffee treatment is evident from the formation of granuloma in liver. Decrease in anti-leishmanial IgG titre in the serum samples after treatment is also supportive for the disease cure.

Extracting DNA from long term stored (LTS) whole blood samples remains a challenge, despite numer... more Extracting DNA from long term stored (LTS) whole blood samples remains a challenge, despite numerous attempts to develop a more effective method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) success rates with DNA extracted using current methods remain low. In this study, we compared three methods of gDNA extraction methods, from which mechanical (glass bead) method is suitable for gDNA extraction from LTS whole blood sample of coronary artery disease patient. Mechanical (glass bead) method is cost effective with less time consuming method and also gives good yield of gDNA.

Calliphorids are forensically, ecologically and anthropologically very valuable, as they are astu... more Calliphorids are forensically, ecologically and anthropologically very valuable, as they are astute forensic detectives; vectors of some human and veterinary diseases, scavenge on dead matter; responsible for myiasis in neglected and injured organisms, hold aesthetic value; used in maggot debridement therapy and are great pollinators. A new record of genus Protophormia from India based on 16SrRNA/NAD1/tRNA/Leu gene fragment (earlier known from Pakistan and other regions of northern hemisphere was found. This study clearly shows that molecular studies if used in the right direction can help in unveiling and estimating the actual biodiversity.

There are complex morphological differences in the species of blow flies associated with the deco... more There are complex morphological differences in the species of blow flies associated with the decomposing corpses in different habitats and environments. A thorough diligent examination of each specimen is required for identifying them, as species associated with an exposed corpse differ from those on the buried or burnt body or when the corpse is writhed after death. Molecular data serves as a lucrative tool in identifying insect specimens, suitably when the specimens are damaged and their morphological identification is arduous. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA of 6 blow fly species were analysed to study its application value as the identification marker. The sequencing of a 350bp COI gene of these six species was done, and the data was eventually analyzed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on UPGMA method and which showed similitude in phylogram pattern. Also the sequences obtained for these species were compared with the sequences obtained for them in the other parts of the world for population studies.

Extensive survey of molecular research on animals, including insects, has brought forward remuner... more Extensive survey of molecular research on animals, including insects, has brought forward remunerative scope of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Among the insects, blow flies are consensually known for their forensic importance. This review is a compendious effort to bring forward other latent potentials of mitochondrial DNA, specifically of Calliphoridae, concerning vivid fields beyond its application in detecting post mortem interval (PMI) alone. Mitochondrial DNA acts as a key to unlock various unsolved mysteries regarding identification of fragmented, small, incomplete, fossilized or archive museum specimens; tracing evolutionary history; evaluating biodiversity; monitoring mortality dynamics during epidemics or mass death toll; detecting endangered species; resolve misidentification and monophyletic or paraphyletic issues and population studies. In this review an attempt has been made to pinpoint the most prolific regions of mitochondrial DNA for the purpose of systematics and bring to light the positive and negative potentials of mtDNA.

Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by athe... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis which is induced by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the association of certain gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to CAD. Omentin 1 is an adipokine secreted by the visceral adipose tissues and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and enhances insulin sensitivity. In this study, we examined the role of omentin-1 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2274907 A > T and rs2274908 G > A) in CAD. We conclude that the AT genotype and the T allele of the rs2274907 A > T is associated with Cad in the south Indian population. Our results indicated that the rs2274907 SNP may be associated with CAD in this population. This finding needs further validation in well-designed and large-sample size studies before being introduced in clinical settings.

Medical Sciences, 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in India and worldwide. Atherosclerosis ... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in India and worldwide. Atherosclerosis is caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Hypercholesterolemia is an example of a classical risk factor for CVD. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is one of the regulating mechanisms the liver uses for cholesterol homeostasis. Gene variations in the LDLR have been reported to cause hypercholesterolemia and consequently CVD. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in the LDLR (rs5925 and rs1529729) with coronary artery disease (CAD) in 200 coronary artery disease patients and 200 matched healthy controls using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). The results indicated that the CT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was associated a decreased susceptibility to CAD with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23–0.77), risk ratio (RR) = 0.59 (0.39–0.89), P = 0.0047. The TT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was also associated w...

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 2018

Purpose: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a central role in DNA repair and estrogen-indu... more Purpose: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a central role in DNA repair and estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. The nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4 G > A or Val108 > 158Met or rs4680 G > A influences COMT enzyme activity. The three phenotypes of the COMT enzyme activities include COMT A/A with low enzyme activity, COMT A/G with medium enzyme activity and COMT G/G with high enzyme activity. The Met allele is associated with low enzymatic activity resulting in higher levels of prefrontal dopamine. Conversely, the Val allele is associated with high enzymatic activity and lower levels of prefrontal dopamine. The Met allele has been associated with several psychiatric disorders such as panic disorder. Many recent epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and coronary artery diseases risk, but the results are inconclusive. Therefore our study was aimed to explore the association between COMT V...

Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2019

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by athe... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis which is induced by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Traditional environmental risk factors include hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, poor diet and others. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the association of certain gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to CAD. Omentin 1 is an adipokine secreted by the visceral adipose tissues and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and enhances insulin sensitivity. In this study, we examined the role of omentin-1 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2274907 A>T and rs2274908 G>A) in CAD. We genotyped 100 CAD patients and 100 matched healthy controls from the south Indian population using an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) and allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). Our result indicated the rs2274908 G>A is not asso...

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well... more Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well known that miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the development of cardiovascular physiology, thus impacting the pathophysiology of heart diseases. MiRNAs also have been reported to be associated with cardiac reactions, leading to myocardial infarction (MCI) and ultimately heart failure (HF). To prevent these heart diseases, proper and timely diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction is pivotal. Though there are many symptoms associated with an irregular heart condition and though there are some biomarkers available that may indicate heart disease, authentic, specific and sensitive markers are the need of the hour. In recent times, miRNAs have proven to be promising candidates in this regard. They are potent biomarkers as they can be easily detected in body fluids (blood, urine, etc.) due to their remarkable stability and presence in apoptotic bodies and exosomes. Existing studies suggest th...

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, Jan 29, 2018

The low-density lipoprotein receptor is responsible for the binding and uptake of plasma LDL part... more The low-density lipoprotein receptor is responsible for the binding and uptake of plasma LDL particles and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. gene SNP rs688 has been reported to be associated with increased plasma total and LDL cholesterol in several populations and can lead to elevated plasma LDL levels, resulting in an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. This study aimed to explore genetic LDLR variant rs688 for its potential roles in coronary artery disease. This study recruited 200 coronary artery disease patients and 200 healthy individuals. Genotyping of LDLR-rs688C > T gene variations was performed using the allele specific PCR method. Correlation of LDLR-rs688C > T gene variants with different clinicopathological features of coronary artery disease patients was performed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the correlation of this microRNA polymorphism with ...

Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) is the main pest of wheat which destroys the quality and... more Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) is the main pest of wheat which destroys the quality and quantity of wheat, due towhich huge economical loss occurs. The aim of this study was to check the molecular diversity of granary weevils through RAPD. In this experiment, the environmental effect upon its molecular diversity of Sitophilus granarius collected from different regions of Indiawas examined. For PCR-RAPD amplification, 10 decamer primers were used for screening, out of which one primer produced amplicons. After the analysis of RAPD results by Jaccard's similarity coefficient through Gel Quest, 75-91% similarity was found, between all the samples collected from different regions of India.

Through this study the Alizarin was qualtify and quantify from the root of Rubia cordifolia.Vario... more Through this study the Alizarin was qualtify and quantify from the root of Rubia cordifolia.Various methods were used to isolate the important secondary metabolites like anthriquinones, which finds wide application in the medicinal and dye industry. One of the commercially important athriquinone, Alizarin, is widely used as dye in the food and cloth industry.The production of alizarin by hairy roots of R. cordifolia was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The results show that the maximum amount of alizarin production was found in roots grown on MS media as compared to roots grown on other media.

Therapeutic option for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease prevalent in Indi... more Therapeutic option for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease prevalent in India, is limited. Successful chemotherapy with long lasting protection is ensured when the parasite clearance is associated with the induction of Th1 mediated proinflammatory immune response. Search for novel drugs utilizing natural products is considered beneficial. In the present study oral treatment with aqueous solution of soluble coffee granules of Coffea canephora is evaluated for its antileishmanial role against experimental VL in BALB/c mice. UV-visible spectroscopy showed that caffeine and chlorogenic acids were the two major components of the coffee solution. Continual oral intake of soluble coffee for one month showing no hepatic or cardiac toxicity caused partial but significant reduction of parasite burden from both liver and spleen in established infection. Toxicity levels and the parasite clearing efficacy of coffee treatment from liver were comparable with single shot Amphotericin B treatment. Induction of protective cell mediated immune response upon coffee treatment is evident from the formation of granuloma in liver. Decrease in anti-leishmanial IgG titre in the serum samples after treatment is also supportive for the disease cure.

Extracting DNA from long term stored (LTS) whole blood samples remains a challenge, despite numer... more Extracting DNA from long term stored (LTS) whole blood samples remains a challenge, despite numerous attempts to develop a more effective method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) success rates with DNA extracted using current methods remain low. In this study, we compared three methods of gDNA extraction methods, from which mechanical (glass bead) method is suitable for gDNA extraction from LTS whole blood sample of coronary artery disease patient. Mechanical (glass bead) method is cost effective with less time consuming method and also gives good yield of gDNA.

Calliphorids are forensically, ecologically and anthropologically very valuable, as they are astu... more Calliphorids are forensically, ecologically and anthropologically very valuable, as they are astute forensic detectives; vectors of some human and veterinary diseases, scavenge on dead matter; responsible for myiasis in neglected and injured organisms, hold aesthetic value; used in maggot debridement therapy and are great pollinators. A new record of genus Protophormia from India based on 16SrRNA/NAD1/tRNA/Leu gene fragment (earlier known from Pakistan and other regions of northern hemisphere was found. This study clearly shows that molecular studies if used in the right direction can help in unveiling and estimating the actual biodiversity.

There are complex morphological differences in the species of blow flies associated with the deco... more There are complex morphological differences in the species of blow flies associated with the decomposing corpses in different habitats and environments. A thorough diligent examination of each specimen is required for identifying them, as species associated with an exposed corpse differ from those on the buried or burnt body or when the corpse is writhed after death. Molecular data serves as a lucrative tool in identifying insect specimens, suitably when the specimens are damaged and their morphological identification is arduous. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA of 6 blow fly species were analysed to study its application value as the identification marker. The sequencing of a 350bp COI gene of these six species was done, and the data was eventually analyzed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on UPGMA method and which showed similitude in phylogram pattern. Also the sequences obtained for these species were compared with the sequences obtained for them in the other parts of the world for population studies.

Extensive survey of molecular research on animals, including insects, has brought forward remuner... more Extensive survey of molecular research on animals, including insects, has brought forward remunerative scope of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Among the insects, blow flies are consensually known for their forensic importance. This review is a compendious effort to bring forward other latent potentials of mitochondrial DNA, specifically of Calliphoridae, concerning vivid fields beyond its application in detecting post mortem interval (PMI) alone. Mitochondrial DNA acts as a key to unlock various unsolved mysteries regarding identification of fragmented, small, incomplete, fossilized or archive museum specimens; tracing evolutionary history; evaluating biodiversity; monitoring mortality dynamics during epidemics or mass death toll; detecting endangered species; resolve misidentification and monophyletic or paraphyletic issues and population studies. In this review an attempt has been made to pinpoint the most prolific regions of mitochondrial DNA for the purpose of systematics and bring to light the positive and negative potentials of mtDNA.