Dr Muhammad Zafar Iqbal I Q B A L Butt | University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr Muhammad Zafar Iqbal I Q B A L Butt

Authors' Contribution MZIB supervised the investigation and YT designed the study. BMD recruited ... more Authors' Contribution MZIB supervised the investigation and YT designed the study. BMD recruited football players and conducted experimental analysis. MAI did statistical interpretation and helped in biochemical analysis.

The main purpose of the study was to explore, the perception of visually impaired students about ... more The main purpose of the study was to explore, the perception of visually impaired students about physical activity. This study was limited to all students of special education institutions. Main research question was formulated in relation to the objective of the study, which was to view the perception of special education students about physical activity. As for as the methodology of the study was concerned, the survey method design was used for this study. The population of the study was all visual impaired students of special education institutions. Results show that students are very much concerned about the physical activity but there is need to improve the school facilities as well as the parents' concern about their children.

The objective of this study is to investigate / explore the effects of swimming on daily life of ... more The objective of this study is to investigate / explore the effects of swimming on daily life of university students. A total number of 300 university students participated in this quantitative research, data was collected through close ended questionnaire of 20 items with proved reliability of .721 (Cronbach's Alpha). Research showed that majority of the students have positive effects of swimming on their lives in terms of better feel of physiological (Sig. .000) and psychological (Sig. .000) conditions, motivation towards success in their lives (Sig. .000), body flexibility (Sig. .000), socialization (Sig. .000), resting heart rate (Sig. .000), balance and posture maintenance (Sig. .000), good sleep (Sig. .000) and reaction time (Sig. .000). This study would be a good source of information for importance of swimming in daily life of all ages. Furthermore, this study should be done on larger population and in different age groups to generalize it.

Doping is a severe problem in sports; many athletes use various substances to promote/enhance the... more Doping is a severe problem in sports; many athletes use various substances to promote/enhance their performance without awareness of the side effects. So, this research study assessed the factors responsible for doping among Chess players in Pakistan. The researcher applied a qualitative approach to achieve the desired results/conclusion. The study population comprised all the Chess players of Pakistan; thus, a representative sample using the LR-Gay (1998) formula was applied. For data collection, the researcher developed a Likert-type scale under the supervision of his research supervisor; thus, validity and reliability were also ensured. For data collection, the developed questionnaire was personally served by the researcher and collected after the respondents filled it out. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version-26); thus, suitable statistical tools were applied, and thus, based on analysis, the researcher concluded that social factors like fame, peer pressure, encounter jealousy, fun and mainly responsible factors caused doping among Chess players. Similarly, the researcher concludes that anxiety, stress, fear of Loss, and fear of coach are psychological causative agents of doping. The researcher also concluded that many athletes use drugs/doping to improve stamina, focus and neuromuscular coordination, which is also responsible for doping among athletes. Finally, the researcher also concluded that many athletes are aware of doping and its side effects, but due to the above-stated factors, they are involved in doping

The present study aimed to assess the learning disabilities of physical education students and to... more The present study aimed to assess the learning disabilities of physical education students and to suggest future implications. The study population comprised all the students of sports sciences and physical education (SSPE), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Thus, three hundred students were taken as samples using available sampling techniques. For the collection of data, a Likert-type scale comprised of questions about four different learning disabilities, i.e. dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia and dyslexia. The gathered data were administered through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version-26); thus, pertinent statistical tools were used for analysis. After data analysis, the researcher concluded that dyscalculia as learning was the most common learning problem among the students. Based on the conclusion, the researcher recommended that sports sciences and physical education students need special attention in mathematical activities compared to all other academic subjects.

High intensity resistance training (HIRT) effect on both cortisol and testosterone and contribute... more High intensity resistance training (HIRT) effect on both cortisol and testosterone and contributes to improved performance in football players. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight-week HIRT intervention on cortisol and testosterone of male university football players. For this purpose, 24 football players between the ages of 19 and 25 were recruited. Blood Samples of 12 players were collected before and after eight weeks of HIRT. While, remaining 12 players were considered as controls and did not underwent HIRT. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software. The findings of current study revealed that cortisol had significantly declined after HIRT group. Whereas, testosterone levels demonstrated significant elevation after eight weeks of HIRT intervention. The results also showed that there was no significant difference in cortisol and testosterone in the control group. This study's results concluded that eight weeks of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) improved the performance of university male football players. High intensity resistance training, cortisol, testosterone, football players

Aims of the Study: Iron is of utmost importance in the human body due to its essential functions.... more Aims of the Study: Iron is of utmost importance in the human body due to its essential functions. The objectives of the current research are to test the effect of Ferrochel on the change in the level of Blood hemoglobin level (g/dL) and the change in the best weightlifting capacity of a Professional level Weightlifter of Pakistan. Research Methodology: Experimental Research pattern was adopted for this research in which a pre-test post-test research design was used by segregating the total sample (n=40) into an experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20) and treated with Ferrochel (orally) and placebo to both groups respectively for a period of two months alongside a game-specific generalized training program for weightlifters. Results: Results showed a markable increase in the average best weightlifting capacity (29.94 Kgs) as well as the average blood hemoglobin level (4.71g/dL) of Weightlifters of the experimental group and non-noticeable change in for average best weightlifting capacity (2.96 Kgs) and average blood hemoglobin level (0.58 g/dL). Conclusion: Research concluded that there is a positive effect of Ferrochel supplementation on Strength and Power development weightlifters by increasing blood hemoglobin level as it causes an increase in serum ferritin level and better muscle recovery.

It is generally known that caffeine has ergogenic characteristics and research has shown that it ... more It is generally known that caffeine has ergogenic characteristics and research has shown that it can improve both the physical and technical aspects of a player's performance. The objective of this study was to discover the impact of caffeine on arousal of male university football players in the South Punjab zone of Pakistan. A randomized placebo controlled, single blind parallel group design was used to perform the study. A total of (n=120) players were selected for the study (age: 22.39 ± 1.69 Years; Height: 172.9 ± 5.85 cm; Body mass 70.12 ± 5.03 kg; Body mass index: 23.45 ± 1.43 kg/m2 Mean ± SD) were distributed into n=4 groups (n=30 in each group) to identify the effect of caffeine on the arousal of the players. In this study (n=3) various doses of caffeine in capsule form were given to three experimental groups. Group A was administered caffeine at 3 mg/kg-1 (LD-CAF: 3 mg/kg-1). Group B was administered caffeine at 6mg/kg-1 (MD-CAF: 6mg/kg-1). Group C was administered caffeine at 9 mg/kg-1 (HD-CAF: 9 mg/kg-1). Whereas, group D was considered a placebo control (PC) group, administered zero mg of caffeine (CAF: 0 mg/kg-1). Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) survey was completed in pre and post-test. Overall, all experimental groups had prominent effects (P < 0.01) on the arousal of male university football players. Results also indicated that a high dose (HD) of caffeine 9mg/kg-1 was more effective (131%) than others.

The knocked knee is a general health concern found among children; thus, it is recovered in child... more The knocked knee is a general health concern found among children; thus, it is recovered in childhood. Sometimes this problem continues till death, but the main factor responsible for such a situation is a lack of awareness and proper concentration. Di culties in walking, running and other routine activities are associated with knocked knees [1]. Likewise, knee pain, knee pain, limited knee alignment, and direct effects on the body's posture and walk pattern are also problems caused by knocked knees [2]. The knocked knee also affects the performance of the thigh

Exercise refers to all those physical activities that increase the heart rate beyond normal. It i... more Exercise refers to all those physical activities that increase the heart rate beyond normal. It is considered necessary for the preservation of physical as well as mental health [1]. Vigorous exercise requires high oxygen intake, such as running, swimming, soccer, jumping, carrying heavy loads, etc. [2]. In other words, vigorous activities are de ned as activities ≥ 6 METS. From a health point of view, it is essential to perform the exercise as per the body's nature and requirements [3]. Kidneys are located on each side of the spine just below the rib cage. They are part of the urinary tract and lter blood from other wastes and toxic

Caffeine has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, which can reduce fatigue and dro... more Caffeine has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, which can reduce fatigue and drowsiness. In addition, it has been shown to improve sports performance. In this current study, researchers used a randomized, placebo-controlled single-blind parallel groups trial to investigate the effects of caffeine on the sprint performance of male university football players aged 18 to 25 years in the Multan zone of South Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 120 players were divided into four groups of 30 each, with each group receiving a different dose of caffeine in capsule form. Group A received 3 mgkg-1 , Group B received 6 mg-kg-1 and Group C received 9 mg-kg-1 , while Group D was given a placebo 0mg-kg-1. Sprint performance were measured through 20m Sprint test before and after the administration of caffeine and data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software, with statistical tests like paired sample ''t''-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation being applied to determine the relationship of each dose of caffeine on sprint performance. In our study, all three study groups 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg-1 presented conspicuous effects of caffeine on the 20-m sprint test. Overall results of this study showed that high doses 9 mg/kg-1 had prominent effects on the Sprint performance of university football players. Pearson correlation coefficient results showed that there was a positive significant correlation between Group B 6mg Pre and Group C 9mg Post. Moreover, high doses of caffeine do more to improve the sprint performance of university football players.

Physical fitness refers to a person's ability to carry out physical activities and perform daily ... more Physical fitness refers to a person's ability to carry out physical activities and perform daily tasks without undue fatigue. The desired populations of the study were 1 st semester and BS 7 th semester students of the

Background: Endurance exercises such as walking, jogging, running, dancing etc., are considered b... more Background: Endurance exercises such as walking, jogging, running, dancing etc., are considered beneficial for health, such as cardiovascular fitness, reduction in cardiovascular problems, hypertension, high cholesterol, joint and muscular pain, diabetes and strengthening the bones. Objective: the study aimed to estimate the key parameters of the liver among healthy volunteers of endurance exercise. Methods & Materials: Study participants were randomly selected from the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. The participants were thus categorized into two groups, i.e. control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG). Each group was formed of fifty (50) subjects. A self-made exercise protocol of endurance exercise was applied to EG. Ethical approval was taken from the ethical research and review board of the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Informed consent was taken from every subject before participation in the study, and all subjects were informed about the risks and benefits of participation in the study. Five (05) ml blood sample was collected from all subjects. Each blood sample was marked with a different identification code. Results & Conclusions: The pre and post-test results were processed through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version-26). On the basis of data analysis and findings the researcher concluded that endurance exercises such as walking, jogging and running on the biochemical parameters of liver.

Background: Violent behaviors are considered more harmful from physical and psychological health ... more Background: Violent behaviors are considered more harmful from physical and psychological health points of view. It means that violent behaviors may cause physical and mental health issues. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the physical and psychological health issues concerned with violent behaviors among universities student athletes. Methodology: The population of the study was comprised of studentathletes from three public sector universities, i.e. University of Swat, Abdul Wali Khan University and Hazera University Manshera. A Likert-type scale was developed and used for the collection of data. The collected data were processed through a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version-26), and thus suitable statistical tools were applied for data analysis. Conclusion: After careful analysis of the study, the researcher found a positive relationship between violent behaviors and psychological health (R was .876, and P was. 006 < .05). The result of the study also shown positive relation in both violent behaviors and physical health (R was .877 and P was. 006 < .05). Based on data analysis, the researcher concluded that lack of management, violation of rules, pressure on players and poor facilitation leads to violence in sports. In addition, the researcher also concluded that violent behaviors might cause physical and psychological issues, particularly among student-athletes.

Aims of the Research Aims and Objectives of this study were to check the difference in the effect... more Aims of the Research Aims and Objectives of this study were to check the difference in the effect of blood haemoglobin levels (g/dL) of the experimental group with the control group through Pre-test Post-test analysis and to check the difference of improvement in best powerlifting score (Kgs) of the experimental group with the control group of powerlifting players through Pre-test Post-test analysis by the supplementation of Iron Polymaltose Complex (IPC). Methodology Elite class male powerlifters (n=200) of age between 22-26 years and with body weights from 74 to 105kg (As the majority of Pakistani Powerlifters fall in these body weights) were selected from different weightlifting, powerlifting and bodybuilding clubs of Pakistan using convenience sampling. The experimental research design of pre-test, post-test (Mid-term), and post-test (Final Term) was used to measure the effect of Iron Polymaltose Complex (IPC). Findings and Conclusion There was significant increase in average blood hemoglobin level (2.43g/dL) (Sig. .000) of experimental group in comparison to control group with an increase in average best powerlifting score (31.70 Kgs) (Sig. .000) of powerlifters of experimental group in comparison to control group Post-Test (Mid-Term) to Posttest (Final-Term). Study Implications As this is the novel study i.e. first time done in Pakistan is a great source of information for Players, Coaches and Officials not only of Powerlifting but also for other strength sports for development of their strength by the use of Iron Polymaltose Complex (IPC) to perform well in their respective sports.

Imagery interventions significantly enhanced motor performance, motivational outcomes, and affect... more Imagery interventions significantly enhanced motor performance, motivational outcomes, and affective outcomes. Top athletes use imagery extensively to build on their strengths and help eliminate their weaknesses. To compete more effectively. Imagery not only helps athletes to regulate the anxiety they experience during competitions but also helps athletes to stay confident, focused and mentally tough. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of imagery on an Archer's performance. The sample size of this current study was comprised of male (n=30) of archery players from the University of the Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab Sports Board. Researchers worked on the imagery and imagery session design by PETTLEP Model. A paired-sample t-test showed that the imagery training (Treatment Group) improved significantly (p<0.001) from the pre-test to the post-test. The results strongly support the use of imagery in enhancing the performance of male Archers at the university level.

The stimulating properties of caffeine can alleviate feelings of tiredness and drowsiness and eve... more The stimulating properties of caffeine can alleviate feelings of tiredness and drowsiness and even enhance sports performance. A study was conducted in South Punjab, Pakistan, with male university football players aged 18 to 25 years. The study was a randomized, placebocontrolled single-blind parallel-group trial with a total of 120 participants divided into four groups of 30 each. Each group was given a different dose of caffeine in capsule form: Group A received 3 mg-kg-1 , Group B received 6 mg-kg-1 , Group C received 9 mg-kg-1 and Group D was given a placebo 0 mg-kg-1. Endurance performance was measured before and after caffeine administration and statistical analyses such as paired sample ''t''-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were performed on the data using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software. The results showed that all three groups that received caffeine in doses of 3, 6, and 9 mg/kg-1 experienced significant improvements in their endurance performance. The study concluded that high doses of caffeine (9 mg/kg-1) had the most noticeable effects on the endurance performance of university football players.