Erickson Calata | Polytechnic University of the Philippines (original) (raw)
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Papers by Erickson Calata
For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urban... more For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urbanization trends is the development of mega-cities. These great multi-million person urban conglomerations have emerged in all countries. Many of these megacities are made up of a variety of local administrations, which greatly exacerbates the problem of governance. Governing those smaller units together in one integrated whole poses a new and thorny problem for urban administration. This is especially the case in dealing with the urban poor and homeless, and with the widespread problem of squatters. This case study deals with Metro Manila's ultimately unsuccessful attempt to address its problem of homeless squatters, and the role of decentralization in that process. The failure of the project offers important lessons about the role of local government in addressing these issues.
Power, Conflict and Democracy Journal, 2019
There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new p... more There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.
Social Science Asia
For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urban... more For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urbanization trends is the development of mega-cities. These great multi-million person urban conglomerations have emerged in all countries. Many of these megacities are made up of a variety of local administrations, which greatly exacerbates the problem of governance. Governing those smaller units together in one integrated whole poses a new and thorny problem for urban administration. This is especially the case in dealing with the urban poor and homeless, and with the widespread problem of squatters. This case study deals with Metro Manila's ultimately unsuccessful attempt to address its problem of homeless squatters, and the role of decentralization in that process. The failure of the project offers important lessons about the role of local government in addressing these issues.
International Journal for Policy Studies, 2018
There are frequent calls to enhance citizen's engagement on governance that would pave the way to... more There are frequent calls to enhance citizen's engagement on governance that would pave the way towards a participatory governance paradigm. In various governance realms, citizens may directly and/or indirectly engage with the government through available mediums (e.g., mass media, electronic systems, mails, petitions, etc.). Albeit the availability of reachable platforms of engagement, citizens remain to be passive in voicing their policy needs or wants, such as priorities of government activities. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizen's engagement in policy-making, few studies ascertain the relationship and the role of existing government democratic policies, trust, and individual political inclinations on political engagement. To resolve the gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of policy feedback theory, proposing that rules and regulations (i.e., democratic policies) might produce interpretative effects (i.e., trust in government). This will subsequently influence an individual's civic predisposition (i.e., political propensity) which might enhance citizen's civic engagement (i.e., political engagement). Also, this study re-specified the policy feedback back testing on the predictive capacity of interpretative effects on civic engagement. Using the data from a large sample of the Asia Barometer Survey 2007 focusing on the data collected from the Philippines, the study tests a latent model employing structural equation modeling technique. The study found that democratic policies positively predict trust in government while the latter negatively predicts political propensity. The findings also show that citizen's political engagement is positively influenced by citizen's trust in the government.
Books by Erickson Calata
International Studies in the Philippines. London: Routledge, , 2020
In his essay ‘The Miseducation of the Filipino’, Renato Constantino argues that the American-inst... more In his essay ‘The Miseducation of the Filipino’, Renato Constantino argues that the American-instituted educational system is geared towards subjugating the minds of Filipinos for colonial mentality while promoting passivity to inhibit the contestation of American hegemony in the Philippines. He further argued that the most detrimental consequence of this ‘Miseducation’ was the neglect of indigenous culture, nationalism, and local knowledge. This chapter uses Constantino’s concept of the ‘Miseducation of the Filipino’ as a framework for understanding how American colonialism from the 1900s to 1946 has inculcated ‘miseducated diplomacy’ in the practice of international relations. It begins with the brief historiography of the works of Constantino on American colonialism, Filipino nationalism, and miseducation. Second, the author deconstructs Constantino’s historical narratives to infer their relevance to the concept of the international vis-à-vis hegemony and diplomacy. Lastly, the author conceptualizes ‘miseducated diplomacy’ as the dictated and directed mode of diplomacy based on the standard of colonial masters that was prompted by a colonial system of education.
For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urban... more For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urbanization trends is the development of mega-cities. These great multi-million person urban conglomerations have emerged in all countries. Many of these megacities are made up of a variety of local administrations, which greatly exacerbates the problem of governance. Governing those smaller units together in one integrated whole poses a new and thorny problem for urban administration. This is especially the case in dealing with the urban poor and homeless, and with the widespread problem of squatters. This case study deals with Metro Manila's ultimately unsuccessful attempt to address its problem of homeless squatters, and the role of decentralization in that process. The failure of the project offers important lessons about the role of local government in addressing these issues.
Power, Conflict and Democracy Journal, 2019
There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new p... more There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.
Social Science Asia
For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urban... more For many centuries, the world has been urbanizing. One of the more extreme issues in recent urbanization trends is the development of mega-cities. These great multi-million person urban conglomerations have emerged in all countries. Many of these megacities are made up of a variety of local administrations, which greatly exacerbates the problem of governance. Governing those smaller units together in one integrated whole poses a new and thorny problem for urban administration. This is especially the case in dealing with the urban poor and homeless, and with the widespread problem of squatters. This case study deals with Metro Manila's ultimately unsuccessful attempt to address its problem of homeless squatters, and the role of decentralization in that process. The failure of the project offers important lessons about the role of local government in addressing these issues.
International Journal for Policy Studies, 2018
There are frequent calls to enhance citizen's engagement on governance that would pave the way to... more There are frequent calls to enhance citizen's engagement on governance that would pave the way towards a participatory governance paradigm. In various governance realms, citizens may directly and/or indirectly engage with the government through available mediums (e.g., mass media, electronic systems, mails, petitions, etc.). Albeit the availability of reachable platforms of engagement, citizens remain to be passive in voicing their policy needs or wants, such as priorities of government activities. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizen's engagement in policy-making, few studies ascertain the relationship and the role of existing government democratic policies, trust, and individual political inclinations on political engagement. To resolve the gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of policy feedback theory, proposing that rules and regulations (i.e., democratic policies) might produce interpretative effects (i.e., trust in government). This will subsequently influence an individual's civic predisposition (i.e., political propensity) which might enhance citizen's civic engagement (i.e., political engagement). Also, this study re-specified the policy feedback back testing on the predictive capacity of interpretative effects on civic engagement. Using the data from a large sample of the Asia Barometer Survey 2007 focusing on the data collected from the Philippines, the study tests a latent model employing structural equation modeling technique. The study found that democratic policies positively predict trust in government while the latter negatively predicts political propensity. The findings also show that citizen's political engagement is positively influenced by citizen's trust in the government.
International Studies in the Philippines. London: Routledge, , 2020
In his essay ‘The Miseducation of the Filipino’, Renato Constantino argues that the American-inst... more In his essay ‘The Miseducation of the Filipino’, Renato Constantino argues that the American-instituted educational system is geared towards subjugating the minds of Filipinos for colonial mentality while promoting passivity to inhibit the contestation of American hegemony in the Philippines. He further argued that the most detrimental consequence of this ‘Miseducation’ was the neglect of indigenous culture, nationalism, and local knowledge. This chapter uses Constantino’s concept of the ‘Miseducation of the Filipino’ as a framework for understanding how American colonialism from the 1900s to 1946 has inculcated ‘miseducated diplomacy’ in the practice of international relations. It begins with the brief historiography of the works of Constantino on American colonialism, Filipino nationalism, and miseducation. Second, the author deconstructs Constantino’s historical narratives to infer their relevance to the concept of the international vis-à-vis hegemony and diplomacy. Lastly, the author conceptualizes ‘miseducated diplomacy’ as the dictated and directed mode of diplomacy based on the standard of colonial masters that was prompted by a colonial system of education.