Bidur P Chaulagain | Purbanchal University, Nepal (original) (raw)

Papers by Bidur P Chaulagain

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 2002

Chromosome count of five species of the genus Cassia L. (sensu lato, s.l.) viz. C. nairobensis Ho... more Chromosome count of five species of the genus Cassia L. (sensu lato, s.l.) viz. C. nairobensis Hort. and taxa of sensu stricto(s.s.) like C. imosoides L. (Chamaecrista mimosoides(L.) E. Greene, s.s.),C.floribunda Cav.(Senna
septemtrionalis H. Irwin & Barneby, s.s.), C. occidentalis L.(Senn aoccidentalis (L.) Link., s.s.) and C. tora L. (Senna tora (L.) Roxb., s.s.) was carried out. Inconstancy in somatic chromosome number of the species was recorded. The dominant frequency of diploid chromosome number of C. floribunda was 2n =14, the variation in chromosome number ranging from 2n =14 to 26. Similarly, 2n = l8 for C. mimosoides (varying from 14 to 30), 2n=20for C. nairobensrs (varying from 16 to 28), 2n=26 and 28 forC. occidentalis(varyingfrom l6 to 38) and 2n=22for C. tora (variations, 2n= 16 to 38) were observed.The chromosome number of C. nairobensis Hort. is
reported here for the first time. The inconstancy of chromosome number with the instability of heteromorphic nature of chromosome depicts the chromosomal numerical polymorphism in the taxa. The numerical polymorphism of the chromosomes seems to be the factor responsible for the evolution of Linnaean genus Cassia L. s.l. and its complex (Cassia, s.s. Chamaecrista & Senna) formation.

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 26, 2024

In this review, we provide an exhaustive economic and environmental analysis of hydroponic and ar... more In this review, we provide an exhaustive economic and environmental analysis of hydroponic and arenumponic systems within the domain of mushroom cultivation, contrasting these modern methodologies with the traditional substrate-based approaches. Our focus is centered on widely cultivated mushrooms such as Oyster, Button, Shiitake, and Morels. We delve into the inherent challenges posed by conventional cultivation methods, such as variable substrate quality, heightened risks of contamination, and the complexities of environmental control. The study presents hydroponics and arenumponics as innovative, substrate-less cultivation strategies that resolve these issues by employing controlled water solutions and sand as a growth medium, respectively. This review examines a spectrum of hydroponic configurations, including deep flow, nutrient film, and aeroponic systems, demonstrating their effectiveness and potential in mushroom farming. We emphasize the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of these techniques, considering their cost-effectiveness, resource utilization efficiency, and market prospects. Key objectives encompass a thorough review of hydroponic technologies, an evaluation of growth performance vis-à-vis traditional methods, and an assessment of their economic impact. Our research bridges current knowledge gaps by suggesting the integration of recommended economic models, such as Stochastic Frontier Analysis for measuring efficiency, and Cost-Benefit Analysis for assessing financial viability. The inclusion of case studies enriches our insights into the economic and environmental facets of hydroponic/arenumponic mushroom cultivation. We conclude with policy recommendations and directions for future research, advocating for the adoption of hydroponics/arenumponics as sustainable, efficient, and commercially viable alternatives to conventional practices in mushroom agriculture, thereby aligning with the objectives of modern agricultural sustainability.

Keywords: Hydroponic Mushroom Farming, Arenumponic Cultivation
Technique, Soilless Mushroom Production, Economic Viability, Precision
Agriculture.

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 26, 2024

A comparative impact analysis about conventional packaging materials and modified atmosphere pack... more A comparative impact analysis about conventional packaging materials and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the postharvest life of cucumber was conducted in the post-harvest lab of HICAST on mid June 2023. The experiment was conducted under ambient condition of 28-32℃ and 70-80% relative humidity. Five different treatments consisting of one control and 4 different packaging materials which included polythene bag, perforated polythene, muslin cloth and MAP bag were applied to access the effect on post-harvest life and different quality parameters of cucumber. The experimental setup was based upon completely randomized design with each treatment being replicated four times.
The physiological loss of weight (PLW) across treatments ranged from 0.35% to 9.37% (days 1-4) and 1.13% to 9.55% (days 4-8) with cucumbers in nonperforated polythene bags recording lowest PLW at 0.35% and 1.13% in both cases. The firmness of cucumber initially which was at 2.856 kg/cm2 decreased to a range of 1.410 to 2.410 kg/cm2 by day8 with biodegradable MAP bags retaining the maximum firmness while the control group had lowest. MAP also ensured stable TSS, delayed chlorophyll degradation, and maintained cucumber freshness
throughout storage. During the experiment MAP demonstrated superior
performance in preserving various quality parameters and also significantly enhanced cucumber marketability over extended storage period. While polythene can reduce weight loss, it raises problems with firmness, marketability of the packaged material along with its pertinent environmental issues. The MAP stands superior over conventional polythene packaging by preserving the overall quality of cucumbers for longer period.

Key words: MAP, Post-harvest, Cucumber, Packaging Materials, shelf life

BioMed Research International, 2013

BioMed Research International, 2017

Annals of laboratory medicine, Apr 1, 2006

Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Apr 1, 2006

BACKGROUND: Blood culture is an important procedure for the determination of the etiologic agent ... more BACKGROUND: Blood culture is an important procedure for the determination of the etiologic agent of septicemia. Analysis of the blood culture results can provide clinicians with very important information for the empirical treatment of patients. METHODS: In this study the blood cuture results at Chosun University Hospital during the years 2002 to 2005 were analysed to determine the species and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Blood culture bottles were incubated in BACTEC 9240 blood culture system; the isolates were ...

BioMed Research International, 2015

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Feb 13, 2012

Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Apr 1, 2010

In Thraustochytrids, Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304 was able to produce high levels of severa... more In Thraustochytrids, Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304 was able to produce high levels of several polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the present study, a novel gene encoding protein was cloned from the DHA rich microbe, T. aureum ATCC 34304. The functional analysis of a novel gene was demonstrated by its heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. The gene was able to synthesize C20

Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2005

BACKGROUND: While broth based antimicrobial susceptibility test methods work well for the detecti... more BACKGROUND: While broth based antimicrobial susceptibility test methods work well for the detection of the majority of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, antimicrobial resistance mechanism in some microorganisms may not be detected by these methods. The purpose of this study was to compare Vitek II system with a standard method for the ability to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS: Of 200 clinical isolates of S. aureus tested, 183 were methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 17 were ...

PubMed, Oct 1, 2005

Between November 2002 and March 2003, an outbreak of candiduria occurred in the surgical intensiv... more Between November 2002 and March 2003, an outbreak of candiduria occurred in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of a university-affiliated hospital in South Korea. This outbreak affected 34 patients and was caused by Candida tropicalis. To determine the source of the epidemic and the risk factors, surveillance cultures from the SICU, genotyping of Candida isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a case-control study were performed. The surveillance cultures revealed that 6 environmental samples related to the urine disposal route were positive for C. tropicalis. The PFGE analysis of genomic DNA demonstrated identical band patterns for all of the C. tropicalis isolates obtained from SICU patients and the 6 environmental samples during the outbreak period, while epidemiologically unrelated strains showed unique PFGE band patterns. Although no risk factors were identified by the case-control study, this epidemiological investigation involving the use of molecular techniques suggests that improper disposal of infectious medical waste led to the cross-transmission of a single clone that was responsible for the outbreak of C. tropicalis candiduria in this SICU. After implementing a better urine disposal system and thorough hand washing procedures, no further clusters of candiduria were detected in the SICU.

Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Apr 1, 2006

BACKGROUND: Rapid detection of pathogens in blood is important in patient management, because the... more BACKGROUND: Rapid detection of pathogens in blood is important in patient management, because the mortality rate associated with bloodstream infections is very high. We evaluated the efficiency of a 16S rDNA PCR assay for the detection of various pathogens in blood culture broth in METHODS: 16S rDNA PCR was performed on 221 blood culture bottles consisting of 99 culturepositive and 122 culture-negative samples. The results were compared with conventional culture methods. We also compared the efficiency of three ...

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023

A study was conducted in Thuliveri Municipality, Dolpa district about the factors affecting and p... more A study was conducted in Thuliveri Municipality, Dolpa district about the factors affecting and people's perception on Yarsagumba collection. The study was conducted for 4 months and sample size of 70 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Respondents were interviewed with pre-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and indexing were used to analyze the data. The average age of the respondents was found to be 40.72 years with an average family size of 6.21 members. Three different categories of Yarsagumba were collected and their value differs with the quality. On average people harvested 124.55 units of Yarsagumba in the year 2022. The average income and expenditure during collection are NRs. 76654.29 and NRs. 33132.14 respectively. Beside the Yarsagumba collection, the major occupation of the respondents was agriculture. From the study, the benefit cost ratio index was found to be 2.35 which show that the collection process is beneficial. The 80% of respondents were unknown of the medicinal value of Yarsagumba. The extreme climatic condition was a major risk factor followed by the theft of Yarsagumba while collecting Yarsagumba. Overgrazing was the major problem for declining of Yarsagumba in recent years followed by climatic change and excessive harvesting of Yarsagumba. Respnsible stakeholders and local government should take responsibility for making guidelines, rules, and regulations for the collection and marketing of Yarsagumba. Awareness should be given to collectors regarding the information on climate change, pollution effect, market information and sustainable harvesting of Yarsagumba.

BioMed Research International, 2013

Biomedical Research (2011) Volume 22, Issue 1, 2011

A total of 62 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates including 29 imipenem resistant, 23 imipenem susce... more A total of 62 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates including 29 imipenem resistant, 23 imipenem susceptible and 10 environmental isolates were analyzed based on integron and integron gene cassette array (I-GCA) PCR and DNA sequences. Two types of class 1 integron were found based on their cassette arrays. The integron class 1 with a 2.6 kb size (Int1-A) has the cassette order of aaC(6')-Im followed by another gene cassette aadA1 disrupted by IS26 transposase, while the another class 1 integron with 2.8 kb size (Int1-B) has the gene cassette order of aacC1 followed by orfX, orfX', IS 26 transposase and aadA1. PCR mapping detect the distribution of such integron types within the isolates. Integron gene cassette array PCR (I-GCA PCR) typing gave 20 profiles while PFGE typing gave 18 profiles with 16 types and 2 subtypes. The major profile I of I-GCA PCR equivalent to profile A of PFGE was the dominant profile covering most of the clinical and environmental imipenem resistant isolates while the second largest profile XII of I-GCA PCR or profile M of PFGE was found in the imipenem susceptible isolates. Both integron types Int1-A and Int1-B were mostly restricted to imipenem resistant outbreak strains of the major profile I of I-GCA PCR or profile A of PFGE. I-GCA PCR based typing gave similar result to that of PFGE by sharing all the imipenem resistant strains of distinct profile I of I-GCA PCR in the profile A of PFGE which was responsible for the present A. baumannii outbreak. These results indicate that I-GCA PCR alone or coupled with other typing method would be a rapid tool for epidemiological study for bacteria that bear integron.

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 2002

Chromosome count of five species of the genus Cassia L. (sensu lato, s.l.) viz. C. nairobensis Ho... more Chromosome count of five species of the genus Cassia L. (sensu lato, s.l.) viz. C. nairobensis Hort. and taxa of sensu stricto(s.s.) like C. imosoides L. (Chamaecrista mimosoides(L.) E. Greene, s.s.),C.floribunda Cav.(Senna
septemtrionalis H. Irwin & Barneby, s.s.), C. occidentalis L.(Senn aoccidentalis (L.) Link., s.s.) and C. tora L. (Senna tora (L.) Roxb., s.s.) was carried out. Inconstancy in somatic chromosome number of the species was recorded. The dominant frequency of diploid chromosome number of C. floribunda was 2n =14, the variation in chromosome number ranging from 2n =14 to 26. Similarly, 2n = l8 for C. mimosoides (varying from 14 to 30), 2n=20for C. nairobensrs (varying from 16 to 28), 2n=26 and 28 forC. occidentalis(varyingfrom l6 to 38) and 2n=22for C. tora (variations, 2n= 16 to 38) were observed.The chromosome number of C. nairobensis Hort. is
reported here for the first time. The inconstancy of chromosome number with the instability of heteromorphic nature of chromosome depicts the chromosomal numerical polymorphism in the taxa. The numerical polymorphism of the chromosomes seems to be the factor responsible for the evolution of Linnaean genus Cassia L. s.l. and its complex (Cassia, s.s. Chamaecrista & Senna) formation.

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 26, 2024

In this review, we provide an exhaustive economic and environmental analysis of hydroponic and ar... more In this review, we provide an exhaustive economic and environmental analysis of hydroponic and arenumponic systems within the domain of mushroom cultivation, contrasting these modern methodologies with the traditional substrate-based approaches. Our focus is centered on widely cultivated mushrooms such as Oyster, Button, Shiitake, and Morels. We delve into the inherent challenges posed by conventional cultivation methods, such as variable substrate quality, heightened risks of contamination, and the complexities of environmental control. The study presents hydroponics and arenumponics as innovative, substrate-less cultivation strategies that resolve these issues by employing controlled water solutions and sand as a growth medium, respectively. This review examines a spectrum of hydroponic configurations, including deep flow, nutrient film, and aeroponic systems, demonstrating their effectiveness and potential in mushroom farming. We emphasize the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of these techniques, considering their cost-effectiveness, resource utilization efficiency, and market prospects. Key objectives encompass a thorough review of hydroponic technologies, an evaluation of growth performance vis-à-vis traditional methods, and an assessment of their economic impact. Our research bridges current knowledge gaps by suggesting the integration of recommended economic models, such as Stochastic Frontier Analysis for measuring efficiency, and Cost-Benefit Analysis for assessing financial viability. The inclusion of case studies enriches our insights into the economic and environmental facets of hydroponic/arenumponic mushroom cultivation. We conclude with policy recommendations and directions for future research, advocating for the adoption of hydroponics/arenumponics as sustainable, efficient, and commercially viable alternatives to conventional practices in mushroom agriculture, thereby aligning with the objectives of modern agricultural sustainability.

Keywords: Hydroponic Mushroom Farming, Arenumponic Cultivation
Technique, Soilless Mushroom Production, Economic Viability, Precision
Agriculture.

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 26, 2024

A comparative impact analysis about conventional packaging materials and modified atmosphere pack... more A comparative impact analysis about conventional packaging materials and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the postharvest life of cucumber was conducted in the post-harvest lab of HICAST on mid June 2023. The experiment was conducted under ambient condition of 28-32℃ and 70-80% relative humidity. Five different treatments consisting of one control and 4 different packaging materials which included polythene bag, perforated polythene, muslin cloth and MAP bag were applied to access the effect on post-harvest life and different quality parameters of cucumber. The experimental setup was based upon completely randomized design with each treatment being replicated four times.
The physiological loss of weight (PLW) across treatments ranged from 0.35% to 9.37% (days 1-4) and 1.13% to 9.55% (days 4-8) with cucumbers in nonperforated polythene bags recording lowest PLW at 0.35% and 1.13% in both cases. The firmness of cucumber initially which was at 2.856 kg/cm2 decreased to a range of 1.410 to 2.410 kg/cm2 by day8 with biodegradable MAP bags retaining the maximum firmness while the control group had lowest. MAP also ensured stable TSS, delayed chlorophyll degradation, and maintained cucumber freshness
throughout storage. During the experiment MAP demonstrated superior
performance in preserving various quality parameters and also significantly enhanced cucumber marketability over extended storage period. While polythene can reduce weight loss, it raises problems with firmness, marketability of the packaged material along with its pertinent environmental issues. The MAP stands superior over conventional polythene packaging by preserving the overall quality of cucumbers for longer period.

Key words: MAP, Post-harvest, Cucumber, Packaging Materials, shelf life

BioMed Research International, 2013

BioMed Research International, 2017

Annals of laboratory medicine, Apr 1, 2006

Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Apr 1, 2006

BACKGROUND: Blood culture is an important procedure for the determination of the etiologic agent ... more BACKGROUND: Blood culture is an important procedure for the determination of the etiologic agent of septicemia. Analysis of the blood culture results can provide clinicians with very important information for the empirical treatment of patients. METHODS: In this study the blood cuture results at Chosun University Hospital during the years 2002 to 2005 were analysed to determine the species and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Blood culture bottles were incubated in BACTEC 9240 blood culture system; the isolates were ...

BioMed Research International, 2015

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Feb 13, 2012

Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Apr 1, 2010

In Thraustochytrids, Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304 was able to produce high levels of severa... more In Thraustochytrids, Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304 was able to produce high levels of several polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the present study, a novel gene encoding protein was cloned from the DHA rich microbe, T. aureum ATCC 34304. The functional analysis of a novel gene was demonstrated by its heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. The gene was able to synthesize C20

Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2005

BACKGROUND: While broth based antimicrobial susceptibility test methods work well for the detecti... more BACKGROUND: While broth based antimicrobial susceptibility test methods work well for the detection of the majority of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, antimicrobial resistance mechanism in some microorganisms may not be detected by these methods. The purpose of this study was to compare Vitek II system with a standard method for the ability to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS: Of 200 clinical isolates of S. aureus tested, 183 were methicillin resistant (MRSA) and 17 were ...

PubMed, Oct 1, 2005

Between November 2002 and March 2003, an outbreak of candiduria occurred in the surgical intensiv... more Between November 2002 and March 2003, an outbreak of candiduria occurred in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of a university-affiliated hospital in South Korea. This outbreak affected 34 patients and was caused by Candida tropicalis. To determine the source of the epidemic and the risk factors, surveillance cultures from the SICU, genotyping of Candida isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a case-control study were performed. The surveillance cultures revealed that 6 environmental samples related to the urine disposal route were positive for C. tropicalis. The PFGE analysis of genomic DNA demonstrated identical band patterns for all of the C. tropicalis isolates obtained from SICU patients and the 6 environmental samples during the outbreak period, while epidemiologically unrelated strains showed unique PFGE band patterns. Although no risk factors were identified by the case-control study, this epidemiological investigation involving the use of molecular techniques suggests that improper disposal of infectious medical waste led to the cross-transmission of a single clone that was responsible for the outbreak of C. tropicalis candiduria in this SICU. After implementing a better urine disposal system and thorough hand washing procedures, no further clusters of candiduria were detected in the SICU.

Korean Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Apr 1, 2006

BACKGROUND: Rapid detection of pathogens in blood is important in patient management, because the... more BACKGROUND: Rapid detection of pathogens in blood is important in patient management, because the mortality rate associated with bloodstream infections is very high. We evaluated the efficiency of a 16S rDNA PCR assay for the detection of various pathogens in blood culture broth in METHODS: 16S rDNA PCR was performed on 221 blood culture bottles consisting of 99 culturepositive and 122 culture-negative samples. The results were compared with conventional culture methods. We also compared the efficiency of three ...

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023

A study was conducted in Thuliveri Municipality, Dolpa district about the factors affecting and p... more A study was conducted in Thuliveri Municipality, Dolpa district about the factors affecting and people's perception on Yarsagumba collection. The study was conducted for 4 months and sample size of 70 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Respondents were interviewed with pre-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and indexing were used to analyze the data. The average age of the respondents was found to be 40.72 years with an average family size of 6.21 members. Three different categories of Yarsagumba were collected and their value differs with the quality. On average people harvested 124.55 units of Yarsagumba in the year 2022. The average income and expenditure during collection are NRs. 76654.29 and NRs. 33132.14 respectively. Beside the Yarsagumba collection, the major occupation of the respondents was agriculture. From the study, the benefit cost ratio index was found to be 2.35 which show that the collection process is beneficial. The 80% of respondents were unknown of the medicinal value of Yarsagumba. The extreme climatic condition was a major risk factor followed by the theft of Yarsagumba while collecting Yarsagumba. Overgrazing was the major problem for declining of Yarsagumba in recent years followed by climatic change and excessive harvesting of Yarsagumba. Respnsible stakeholders and local government should take responsibility for making guidelines, rules, and regulations for the collection and marketing of Yarsagumba. Awareness should be given to collectors regarding the information on climate change, pollution effect, market information and sustainable harvesting of Yarsagumba.

BioMed Research International, 2013

Biomedical Research (2011) Volume 22, Issue 1, 2011

A total of 62 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates including 29 imipenem resistant, 23 imipenem susce... more A total of 62 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates including 29 imipenem resistant, 23 imipenem susceptible and 10 environmental isolates were analyzed based on integron and integron gene cassette array (I-GCA) PCR and DNA sequences. Two types of class 1 integron were found based on their cassette arrays. The integron class 1 with a 2.6 kb size (Int1-A) has the cassette order of aaC(6')-Im followed by another gene cassette aadA1 disrupted by IS26 transposase, while the another class 1 integron with 2.8 kb size (Int1-B) has the gene cassette order of aacC1 followed by orfX, orfX', IS 26 transposase and aadA1. PCR mapping detect the distribution of such integron types within the isolates. Integron gene cassette array PCR (I-GCA PCR) typing gave 20 profiles while PFGE typing gave 18 profiles with 16 types and 2 subtypes. The major profile I of I-GCA PCR equivalent to profile A of PFGE was the dominant profile covering most of the clinical and environmental imipenem resistant isolates while the second largest profile XII of I-GCA PCR or profile M of PFGE was found in the imipenem susceptible isolates. Both integron types Int1-A and Int1-B were mostly restricted to imipenem resistant outbreak strains of the major profile I of I-GCA PCR or profile A of PFGE. I-GCA PCR based typing gave similar result to that of PFGE by sharing all the imipenem resistant strains of distinct profile I of I-GCA PCR in the profile A of PFGE which was responsible for the present A. baumannii outbreak. These results indicate that I-GCA PCR alone or coupled with other typing method would be a rapid tool for epidemiological study for bacteria that bear integron.

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024

Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences (NJAS) is a scientific journal that publishes original ... more Nepalese Journal of Agricultural Sciences (NJAS) is a scientific journal that publishes original articles and review papers in agriculture, animal science, veterinary, social sciences, agri-business, agri-economics, agro-ecology, sustainable agriculture, agro-biology bi-annually.

Nepalese J of Agri Sciences has a good collection of original papers, research abstract and revie... more Nepalese J of Agri Sciences has a good collection of original papers, research abstract and review on various aspects.