Dr. Prasanna Dahal | Purbanchal University, Nepal (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Prasanna Dahal

Sunsari Technical College Journal, 2013

Background: Drug utilization research has been defined by the WHO as .the marketing, distribution... more Background: Drug utilization research has been defined by the WHO as .the marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences. Several studies of drug utilization conducted in many developed countries shows wide evidence of irrational drug use. Objectives: To assess the drug use pattern in Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities of Kaski district, Western Nepal. Methods :A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 11 PHC facilities of Kaski district using WHO core drug use indicators. Results: A total of 301 prescriptions was analyzed. The average age of patients visiting PHC was 33.11 years (female 35.79; male 30.40). The average number of drugs prescribed was 2.29. Percentage of encounters with at least one antibiotic prescribed was 57% whereas encounters with at least one injection prescribed was low 3%. The total percentage of drugs prescribed using generic names w...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2013

Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in deve... more Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in developing countries where growing middle class and ever changing lifestyle have led to the rapid increase in the burden of non-communicable disease. The study aimed to assess various lifestyle and behavioral risk factors contributing for non-communicable chronic disease in patients visiting rural tertiary care hospital. A total of 152 patients were selected and analyzed in the study out of which 49 (32.22%) were female and 102 (67.78%) were male. The average age of the male patients were found to be 61.79years (SD±9.28) and females were 57.1years (SD±10.3). Majority of patients were from lower socioeconomic and educational status. Various risk factors contributing for chronic non-communicable disease that are identified in the study were advance age i.e. > 40years 142 (93.42%), genetically risk factor 46 (30.26%), poor income status 120 (78.95%), occupational exposure to dust, smoke and irritants 111 (73.03%), high body mass index (BMI)75 (49.34%), stress 110 (72.37%), inadequate sleep 5 (3.29%), smoking habit 69 (45.4%), Alcohol consuming habit 63 (41.48%), lack of physical activity 59 (38.81%), rare fruit consuming habit 72 (47.37%) and less vegetable consumption i.e. ≤ 1/day were 32 (21.05%). Study concluded that substantially high levels of the various lifestyle and behavioral related risk factors such as poor socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, high BMI or obesity, stress etc, were significantly associated
in patients with chronic disease.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2017

Depressed phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin-A responsiveness was found in patients with acute ... more Depressed phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin-A responsiveness was found in patients with acute viral hepatitis (VH) when a suboptimal mitogen stimulus was used. Normal responsiveness was observed with optimal mitogen stimulation. These findings were independent of extrinsic serum inhibitors. When viral hepatitis lymphocytes were preincubated before mitogen addition an enhanced responsiveness similar to the control group occurred. These in vitro findings are in favour of a primary defect in lymphoproliferation in viral hepatitis and do not suggest the presence of reversible suppressive influences such as an excess of short-lived suppressor cells or the presence of cell bound inhibitors. In chronic active hepatitis (CAH) lymphoproliferation induced by immediate mitogen stimulation was similar to control studies. However when CAH cells were preincubated before mitogen addition, enhanced responsiveness significantly greater than in controls occurred. It is suggested that suppressive influences are present in CAH and that their effect can be reversed by cellular preincubation.

Sunsari Technical College Journal, 2016

while hypertension is a non-neurological disease, the comparison between these two with different... more while hypertension is a non-neurological disease, the comparison between these two with different etiological origin will help to develop decision tree for treatment. There are different definitions for quality of life (QOL) and health which relate these two together. Happiness and satisfaction with life are usually considered as the definition of QOL. It is obvious that QOL bears different meanings to different people. Nowadays, patients self assessment of their health status is considered as the basis for evaluation of QOL using standard questionnaires. 7 QOL

American Journal of Medical Case Reports, Jan 23, 2015

Although leukemia's are the most common malignant disease seen in children, it occurs rarely in n... more Although leukemia's are the most common malignant disease seen in children, it occurs rarely in neonates. Only few cases of congenital leukemia have been reported in literature. We report here a rare case of congenital lymphoblastic leukemia in a 10 days old full term male neonate of normal home delivery who presented in the hospital with complaints of fast breathing and fever of 1 day duration. Initial clinical manifestation was that of Multi organ dysfunction syndrome due to late onset neonatal sepsis but was found to have acute leukemia on subsequent investigations.

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2013

Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in deve... more Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in developing countries where growing middle class and ever changing lifestyle have led to the rapid increase in the burden of non-communicable disease. The study aimed to assess various lifestyle and behavioral risk factors contributing for non-communicable chronic disease in patients visiting rural tertiary care hospital. A total of 152 patients were selected and analyzed in the study out of which 49 (32.22%) were female and 102 (67.78%) were male. The average age of the male patients were found to be 61.79years (SD±9.28) and females were 57.1years (SD±10.3). Majority of patients were from lower socioeconomic and educational status. Various risk factors contributing for chronic non-communicable disease that are identified in the study were advance age i.e. > 40years 142 (93.42%), genetically risk factor 46 (30.26%), poor income status 120 (78.95%), occupational exposure to dust, smoke and irritants 111 (73.03%), high body mass index (BMI)75 (49.34%), stress 110 (72.37%), inadequate sleep 5 (3.29%), smoking habit 69 (45.4%), Alcohol consuming habit 63 (41.48%), lack of physical activity 59 (38.81%), rare fruit consuming habit 72 (47.37%) and less vegetable consumption i.e. ≤ 1/day were 32 (21.05%). Study concluded that substantially high levels of the various lifestyle and behavioral related risk factors such as poor socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, high BMI or obesity, stress etc, were significantly associated in patients with chronic disease.

Sunsari Technical College Journal, 2016

This study was conducted to assess the drug prescribing trend of anti-hypertensive and hypoglycem... more This study was conducted to assess the drug prescribing trend of anti-hypertensive and hypoglycemic agents in hypertensive and diabetic patients in tertiary care private Hospital. The study was prospective, cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 100 prescriptions were recorded. 56% were males as compared to 44% females. The age group of the patients varied from 30 to 90 years with majority individual above 50 years of age. 59% patients were hypertensive; 26% patients were diabetic and 15% had both the diseases. For the treatment of HTN, both mono-therapy and combination therapy were followed. In mono-therapy, amlodipine was most commonly prescribed followed by losartan. In combination therapy, a twodrug combination consisting of calcium channel blockers (amlodipine) and diuretics (furosemide /hydrochlorothiazide) were given to the majority of patients, followed by Diuretics and Angiotensin receptor blocker combination. Among diabetic hypertensive, 66.67% of patients were treated with single anti-hypertensive drug and 33.35% of patients were treated with anti-hypertensive drug combinations with oral hypoglycemics. This study showed that calcium channel blockers were the most prescribed antihypertensive agents while biguanides were the mostly prescribed among anti-diabetic agents. Combination therapy was observed in a high percentage of prescriptions in hypertensive patients. Prescribing pattern among antihypertensive showed some dubitable adherences to existing evidence-based JNC guidelines.

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, Jan 15, 2014

Gastric ulcer is one of the major health problems in developing countries. Furthermore, high cost... more Gastric ulcer is one of the major health problems in developing countries. Furthermore, high cost and of adverse effects are seen with the long term use of allopathic drugs in treatment of ulcer which are diminished by the use of herbal drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate antiulcer activity of crude extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves on experimentally induced gastric ulcer in wistar albino rats. Methodology involves screening for antiulcer activity of the plant using pylorus ligation and Indomethacin induced ulcer models in albino rats using 4 groups as; control (Tween 80 1 % v/v solution, 5 ml/kg), standard (Ranitidine 80 mg/kg), 250 mg/kg leaves extract and 500 mg/kg leaves extract given respective doses orally (p.o.). The parameters viz. mean ulcer index, percentage protection, gastric pH, protein, carbohydrate, pepsin, free and total acidity and ratio of total carbohydrates and proteins (TC:TP) were determined. The result showed the significant decrease in mean ulcer index of the leaves extract treated group in both the models compared to control. Furthermore, as obvious from pylorus ligation model the offensive factors like free and total acidity, pepsin content and protein content were decreased to significant levels whereas the defensive factors like total carbohydrate content and TC:TP ratio were increased significantly compared to control in dose dependent manner. The study concluded that leaves extract of Dalbergia sissoo had significant antiulcer activity and was not only effective in reducing the development of gastric ulcer but also increasing the healing of the gastric ulcer in dose dependent manner.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. It has be... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. It has been identified as the major burden of disease and important cause of fatality in India. The study aims to assess the prevalence of various behavioral health risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases and its association with socio-demographic variables in patients visiting rural hospital in south India. A total of 91 patients (56 males and 35 females) with cardiovascular disease were taken in the study. The average age of the male and female patients were 60.53 (±10) and 58.02 (±9.20) years respectively. Majority of patients were from lower socioeconomic and educational status. The risk factors that have major influence for cardiovascular disease in the study were high BMI (46.15%), stress (73.62%), smoking habits (39.56%), alcohol consumption habit (38.46%), lack of physical activity 55(60.44%), less fruit consumption 39 (42.85%) and low vegetable consumption habits i.e (30.77...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important causes of global preventable morbidity and mortality ... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important causes of global preventable morbidity and mortality in which hypertension is an important public health concern worldwide being responsible for an annual death of 7.1 million.Researchers recognize that smoking is common among drinkers and that it is a strong risk factor for heart disease that could enhancethe true effect of alcohol consumption which itself can lead to the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular ailments. However, CVD presents differently in men and women and there is evidence that treatment efficacy is different between genders. Objective:The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors viz. age, gender, smoking and alcohol among rural population of South India.Method:The current research was a questionnaire based study carried out in two phases with Blood Pressure measurement. Result:The study results showed that reasonable number of individuals were either ...

Background: Periodic assessment of morbidity and drug use at various levels of the healthcare del... more Background: Periodic assessment of morbidity and drug use at various levels of the healthcare delivery system is important to recognize common prevalent morbidities and rationalize the use of medicines. The study was conducted to determine the common morbidities and audit prescription of general medicine outpatients using the WHO prescribing indicator in government-operated tertiary care zonal hospitals of eastern Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two government zonal hospitals of Province 1, Nepal, between March 2019 to August 2019. For analysis, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate prescription characteristics. Prescribing characteristics were evaluated using recommended guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Bivariate analysis was performed to compare prescription characteristics between hospitals. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Six hundred prescriptions were analyzed. The most preva...

Achyranthes aspera is the important medicinal herb found as weed throughout tropical region of Ne... more Achyranthes aspera is the important medicinal herb found as weed throughout tropical region of Nepal. It belongs to the family amaranthaceae. It is known as dattiwan in nepali, Apamarg in Sanskrit, prickly chaff flower in English and Naayuruvi in tamil. The medicinal plants are used for treatment of various diseases because of their safety and effectiveness. Though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines, seeds, roots and shoots are the most important parts which are used medicinally. The major chemical constituents are carbohydrates, protein, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavoides, lignin etc. The review reveals that wide numbers of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant which possesses activities like antiperiodic, diuretic, purgative, laxative, antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic and various other important medicinal properties. The plant is used in indigenous system of medicine as emenagogue, antiarthriti...

Background: Drug-related Problems are major safety concerns in hospitalized patients; failure to ... more Background: Drug-related Problems are major safety concerns in hospitalized patients; failure to prevent those medications related errors may lead to therapeutic failure, adverse effects, and poor therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to assess drug-related problems in the medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal. Methodology: Prospective observational study was conducted from March to August 2019. Descriptive analysis was performed, and Bivariate analysis using chi-square was used to test the association between demographic characteristics and drug-related problems. Results: 365 patients were selected, of which 96 patients had drug-related problems. A total of 127 drug-related problems were documented. The most common drug-related problems were drug and therapeutic duplication 31(24.4%), a drug prescribed but no clear indication 22(17.3%), potential ineffective therapy 16(12.6%), inappropriate duration 11(8.7%), and adverse drug reaction 10(7.8%). The majority of ...

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, Mar 16, 2019

The Open Public Health Journal

Background:Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in females especially in th... more Background:Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in females especially in their reproductive ages and poses significant clinical consequences if left untreated. The study aims to assess the risk factors and medication used for its management in reproductive-aged females with vaginitis visiting maternity hospital of Pokhara, Nepal.Methods and Materials:A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on females of age group 15-49 years, diagnosed with infectious vaginitis for the period of two months. Assessment was made based on clinical profile, questionnaire and personnel interview. Descriptive statistics was used for analyzing the results of the study.Results:A total of 130 patients were enrolled in the study. Most patients were literate, married and from rural area. Bacterial and fungal infections were common cause for vaginitis representing 56% and 22% respectively. The study shows that the 70% females with infectious vaginitis had a practice of using pl...

Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice

Background: Pharmaceutical care (PC) has a significant impact on optimizing pharmacotherapy and i... more Background: Pharmaceutical care (PC) has a significant impact on optimizing pharmacotherapy and improving patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the attitudes and perceived barriers of final year pharmacy undergraduates towards provision of PC services in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 students using a 13-itemstandard PC attitude survey (PCAS) questionnaire and 12-itemed PC barrier questionnaires. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to measure the median difference between groups, at alpha=0.05, and Spearman's rho test was used to measure the strength of the correlation. Results: Majority of students were self-motivated in undertaking the current pharmacy education (178, 76.7%) and had no previous incomplete grades that could delay their graduation (177, 76.3%). Over 80% of students had a positive attitude toward all items of PCAS (agreed and strongly agreed) except for two items. Whereas, 61 (26.3%) disagreed and strongly disagreed that providing PC takes too much time and effort. The major barriers perceived were inadequate PC training (176, 75.9%), inadequate drug information resources in the pharmacy (170, 73.3%), and lack of access to patient medical records in the pharmacy (165, 71.1%). A significant relationship was noticed between positive attitude towards PC and three factors; source of motivation, current employment in pharmacy job, and incomplete grades delaying graduation. Age factor was significant but negatively correlated with the scores of positive attitudes namely "I would like to perform PC as a pharmacist practitioner", "Providing PC is professionally rewarding" and "I feel that the PC is the right direction for the provision to be headed". Conclusion: Nepalese undergraduate pharmacy students had positive attitudes toward PC. Exercising proper pharmacy practice regulations and educational efforts to overcome the perceived barriers may lead to better delivery of PC.

Sunsari Technical College Journal, 2013

Background: Drug utilization research has been defined by the WHO as .the marketing, distribution... more Background: Drug utilization research has been defined by the WHO as .the marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences. Several studies of drug utilization conducted in many developed countries shows wide evidence of irrational drug use. Objectives: To assess the drug use pattern in Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities of Kaski district, Western Nepal. Methods :A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 11 PHC facilities of Kaski district using WHO core drug use indicators. Results: A total of 301 prescriptions was analyzed. The average age of patients visiting PHC was 33.11 years (female 35.79; male 30.40). The average number of drugs prescribed was 2.29. Percentage of encounters with at least one antibiotic prescribed was 57% whereas encounters with at least one injection prescribed was low 3%. The total percentage of drugs prescribed using generic names w...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2013

Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in deve... more Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in developing countries where growing middle class and ever changing lifestyle have led to the rapid increase in the burden of non-communicable disease. The study aimed to assess various lifestyle and behavioral risk factors contributing for non-communicable chronic disease in patients visiting rural tertiary care hospital. A total of 152 patients were selected and analyzed in the study out of which 49 (32.22%) were female and 102 (67.78%) were male. The average age of the male patients were found to be 61.79years (SD±9.28) and females were 57.1years (SD±10.3). Majority of patients were from lower socioeconomic and educational status. Various risk factors contributing for chronic non-communicable disease that are identified in the study were advance age i.e. > 40years 142 (93.42%), genetically risk factor 46 (30.26%), poor income status 120 (78.95%), occupational exposure to dust, smoke and irritants 111 (73.03%), high body mass index (BMI)75 (49.34%), stress 110 (72.37%), inadequate sleep 5 (3.29%), smoking habit 69 (45.4%), Alcohol consuming habit 63 (41.48%), lack of physical activity 59 (38.81%), rare fruit consuming habit 72 (47.37%) and less vegetable consumption i.e. ≤ 1/day were 32 (21.05%). Study concluded that substantially high levels of the various lifestyle and behavioral related risk factors such as poor socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, high BMI or obesity, stress etc, were significantly associated
in patients with chronic disease.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2017

Depressed phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin-A responsiveness was found in patients with acute ... more Depressed phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin-A responsiveness was found in patients with acute viral hepatitis (VH) when a suboptimal mitogen stimulus was used. Normal responsiveness was observed with optimal mitogen stimulation. These findings were independent of extrinsic serum inhibitors. When viral hepatitis lymphocytes were preincubated before mitogen addition an enhanced responsiveness similar to the control group occurred. These in vitro findings are in favour of a primary defect in lymphoproliferation in viral hepatitis and do not suggest the presence of reversible suppressive influences such as an excess of short-lived suppressor cells or the presence of cell bound inhibitors. In chronic active hepatitis (CAH) lymphoproliferation induced by immediate mitogen stimulation was similar to control studies. However when CAH cells were preincubated before mitogen addition, enhanced responsiveness significantly greater than in controls occurred. It is suggested that suppressive influences are present in CAH and that their effect can be reversed by cellular preincubation.

Sunsari Technical College Journal, 2016

while hypertension is a non-neurological disease, the comparison between these two with different... more while hypertension is a non-neurological disease, the comparison between these two with different etiological origin will help to develop decision tree for treatment. There are different definitions for quality of life (QOL) and health which relate these two together. Happiness and satisfaction with life are usually considered as the definition of QOL. It is obvious that QOL bears different meanings to different people. Nowadays, patients self assessment of their health status is considered as the basis for evaluation of QOL using standard questionnaires. 7 QOL

American Journal of Medical Case Reports, Jan 23, 2015

Although leukemia's are the most common malignant disease seen in children, it occurs rarely in n... more Although leukemia's are the most common malignant disease seen in children, it occurs rarely in neonates. Only few cases of congenital leukemia have been reported in literature. We report here a rare case of congenital lymphoblastic leukemia in a 10 days old full term male neonate of normal home delivery who presented in the hospital with complaints of fast breathing and fever of 1 day duration. Initial clinical manifestation was that of Multi organ dysfunction syndrome due to late onset neonatal sepsis but was found to have acute leukemia on subsequent investigations.

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2013

Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in deve... more Chronic Non-communicable diseases remain an area of high public health concern especially in developing countries where growing middle class and ever changing lifestyle have led to the rapid increase in the burden of non-communicable disease. The study aimed to assess various lifestyle and behavioral risk factors contributing for non-communicable chronic disease in patients visiting rural tertiary care hospital. A total of 152 patients were selected and analyzed in the study out of which 49 (32.22%) were female and 102 (67.78%) were male. The average age of the male patients were found to be 61.79years (SD±9.28) and females were 57.1years (SD±10.3). Majority of patients were from lower socioeconomic and educational status. Various risk factors contributing for chronic non-communicable disease that are identified in the study were advance age i.e. > 40years 142 (93.42%), genetically risk factor 46 (30.26%), poor income status 120 (78.95%), occupational exposure to dust, smoke and irritants 111 (73.03%), high body mass index (BMI)75 (49.34%), stress 110 (72.37%), inadequate sleep 5 (3.29%), smoking habit 69 (45.4%), Alcohol consuming habit 63 (41.48%), lack of physical activity 59 (38.81%), rare fruit consuming habit 72 (47.37%) and less vegetable consumption i.e. ≤ 1/day were 32 (21.05%). Study concluded that substantially high levels of the various lifestyle and behavioral related risk factors such as poor socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, high BMI or obesity, stress etc, were significantly associated in patients with chronic disease.

Sunsari Technical College Journal, 2016

This study was conducted to assess the drug prescribing trend of anti-hypertensive and hypoglycem... more This study was conducted to assess the drug prescribing trend of anti-hypertensive and hypoglycemic agents in hypertensive and diabetic patients in tertiary care private Hospital. The study was prospective, cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 100 prescriptions were recorded. 56% were males as compared to 44% females. The age group of the patients varied from 30 to 90 years with majority individual above 50 years of age. 59% patients were hypertensive; 26% patients were diabetic and 15% had both the diseases. For the treatment of HTN, both mono-therapy and combination therapy were followed. In mono-therapy, amlodipine was most commonly prescribed followed by losartan. In combination therapy, a twodrug combination consisting of calcium channel blockers (amlodipine) and diuretics (furosemide /hydrochlorothiazide) were given to the majority of patients, followed by Diuretics and Angiotensin receptor blocker combination. Among diabetic hypertensive, 66.67% of patients were treated with single anti-hypertensive drug and 33.35% of patients were treated with anti-hypertensive drug combinations with oral hypoglycemics. This study showed that calcium channel blockers were the most prescribed antihypertensive agents while biguanides were the mostly prescribed among anti-diabetic agents. Combination therapy was observed in a high percentage of prescriptions in hypertensive patients. Prescribing pattern among antihypertensive showed some dubitable adherences to existing evidence-based JNC guidelines.

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, Jan 15, 2014

Gastric ulcer is one of the major health problems in developing countries. Furthermore, high cost... more Gastric ulcer is one of the major health problems in developing countries. Furthermore, high cost and of adverse effects are seen with the long term use of allopathic drugs in treatment of ulcer which are diminished by the use of herbal drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate antiulcer activity of crude extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves on experimentally induced gastric ulcer in wistar albino rats. Methodology involves screening for antiulcer activity of the plant using pylorus ligation and Indomethacin induced ulcer models in albino rats using 4 groups as; control (Tween 80 1 % v/v solution, 5 ml/kg), standard (Ranitidine 80 mg/kg), 250 mg/kg leaves extract and 500 mg/kg leaves extract given respective doses orally (p.o.). The parameters viz. mean ulcer index, percentage protection, gastric pH, protein, carbohydrate, pepsin, free and total acidity and ratio of total carbohydrates and proteins (TC:TP) were determined. The result showed the significant decrease in mean ulcer index of the leaves extract treated group in both the models compared to control. Furthermore, as obvious from pylorus ligation model the offensive factors like free and total acidity, pepsin content and protein content were decreased to significant levels whereas the defensive factors like total carbohydrate content and TC:TP ratio were increased significantly compared to control in dose dependent manner. The study concluded that leaves extract of Dalbergia sissoo had significant antiulcer activity and was not only effective in reducing the development of gastric ulcer but also increasing the healing of the gastric ulcer in dose dependent manner.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. It has be... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. It has been identified as the major burden of disease and important cause of fatality in India. The study aims to assess the prevalence of various behavioral health risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases and its association with socio-demographic variables in patients visiting rural hospital in south India. A total of 91 patients (56 males and 35 females) with cardiovascular disease were taken in the study. The average age of the male and female patients were 60.53 (±10) and 58.02 (±9.20) years respectively. Majority of patients were from lower socioeconomic and educational status. The risk factors that have major influence for cardiovascular disease in the study were high BMI (46.15%), stress (73.62%), smoking habits (39.56%), alcohol consumption habit (38.46%), lack of physical activity 55(60.44%), less fruit consumption 39 (42.85%) and low vegetable consumption habits i.e (30.77...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important causes of global preventable morbidity and mortality ... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important causes of global preventable morbidity and mortality in which hypertension is an important public health concern worldwide being responsible for an annual death of 7.1 million.Researchers recognize that smoking is common among drinkers and that it is a strong risk factor for heart disease that could enhancethe true effect of alcohol consumption which itself can lead to the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular ailments. However, CVD presents differently in men and women and there is evidence that treatment efficacy is different between genders. Objective:The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors viz. age, gender, smoking and alcohol among rural population of South India.Method:The current research was a questionnaire based study carried out in two phases with Blood Pressure measurement. Result:The study results showed that reasonable number of individuals were either ...

Background: Periodic assessment of morbidity and drug use at various levels of the healthcare del... more Background: Periodic assessment of morbidity and drug use at various levels of the healthcare delivery system is important to recognize common prevalent morbidities and rationalize the use of medicines. The study was conducted to determine the common morbidities and audit prescription of general medicine outpatients using the WHO prescribing indicator in government-operated tertiary care zonal hospitals of eastern Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two government zonal hospitals of Province 1, Nepal, between March 2019 to August 2019. For analysis, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate prescription characteristics. Prescribing characteristics were evaluated using recommended guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Bivariate analysis was performed to compare prescription characteristics between hospitals. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Six hundred prescriptions were analyzed. The most preva...

Achyranthes aspera is the important medicinal herb found as weed throughout tropical region of Ne... more Achyranthes aspera is the important medicinal herb found as weed throughout tropical region of Nepal. It belongs to the family amaranthaceae. It is known as dattiwan in nepali, Apamarg in Sanskrit, prickly chaff flower in English and Naayuruvi in tamil. The medicinal plants are used for treatment of various diseases because of their safety and effectiveness. Though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines, seeds, roots and shoots are the most important parts which are used medicinally. The major chemical constituents are carbohydrates, protein, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavoides, lignin etc. The review reveals that wide numbers of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant which possesses activities like antiperiodic, diuretic, purgative, laxative, antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic and various other important medicinal properties. The plant is used in indigenous system of medicine as emenagogue, antiarthriti...

Background: Drug-related Problems are major safety concerns in hospitalized patients; failure to ... more Background: Drug-related Problems are major safety concerns in hospitalized patients; failure to prevent those medications related errors may lead to therapeutic failure, adverse effects, and poor therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to assess drug-related problems in the medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal. Methodology: Prospective observational study was conducted from March to August 2019. Descriptive analysis was performed, and Bivariate analysis using chi-square was used to test the association between demographic characteristics and drug-related problems. Results: 365 patients were selected, of which 96 patients had drug-related problems. A total of 127 drug-related problems were documented. The most common drug-related problems were drug and therapeutic duplication 31(24.4%), a drug prescribed but no clear indication 22(17.3%), potential ineffective therapy 16(12.6%), inappropriate duration 11(8.7%), and adverse drug reaction 10(7.8%). The majority of ...

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, Mar 16, 2019

The Open Public Health Journal

Background:Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in females especially in th... more Background:Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in females especially in their reproductive ages and poses significant clinical consequences if left untreated. The study aims to assess the risk factors and medication used for its management in reproductive-aged females with vaginitis visiting maternity hospital of Pokhara, Nepal.Methods and Materials:A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on females of age group 15-49 years, diagnosed with infectious vaginitis for the period of two months. Assessment was made based on clinical profile, questionnaire and personnel interview. Descriptive statistics was used for analyzing the results of the study.Results:A total of 130 patients were enrolled in the study. Most patients were literate, married and from rural area. Bacterial and fungal infections were common cause for vaginitis representing 56% and 22% respectively. The study shows that the 70% females with infectious vaginitis had a practice of using pl...

Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice

Background: Pharmaceutical care (PC) has a significant impact on optimizing pharmacotherapy and i... more Background: Pharmaceutical care (PC) has a significant impact on optimizing pharmacotherapy and improving patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the attitudes and perceived barriers of final year pharmacy undergraduates towards provision of PC services in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 students using a 13-itemstandard PC attitude survey (PCAS) questionnaire and 12-itemed PC barrier questionnaires. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to measure the median difference between groups, at alpha=0.05, and Spearman's rho test was used to measure the strength of the correlation. Results: Majority of students were self-motivated in undertaking the current pharmacy education (178, 76.7%) and had no previous incomplete grades that could delay their graduation (177, 76.3%). Over 80% of students had a positive attitude toward all items of PCAS (agreed and strongly agreed) except for two items. Whereas, 61 (26.3%) disagreed and strongly disagreed that providing PC takes too much time and effort. The major barriers perceived were inadequate PC training (176, 75.9%), inadequate drug information resources in the pharmacy (170, 73.3%), and lack of access to patient medical records in the pharmacy (165, 71.1%). A significant relationship was noticed between positive attitude towards PC and three factors; source of motivation, current employment in pharmacy job, and incomplete grades delaying graduation. Age factor was significant but negatively correlated with the scores of positive attitudes namely "I would like to perform PC as a pharmacist practitioner", "Providing PC is professionally rewarding" and "I feel that the PC is the right direction for the provision to be headed". Conclusion: Nepalese undergraduate pharmacy students had positive attitudes toward PC. Exercising proper pharmacy practice regulations and educational efforts to overcome the perceived barriers may lead to better delivery of PC.