subash karki | Purbanchal University, Nepal (original) (raw)
Papers by subash karki
Nepal Journal of Health Sciences, 2022
Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can... more Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can reach up to 1 to 8 meters tall and found between 300-2000 meters height in Nepal. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of Buddleja asiatica aerial component. Methods: A typical chemical test was outlined to conduct the phytochemical analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging experiment was used to quantitatively quantify the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract. By using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Swiss albino mice were utilized to test the analgesic efficacy of the extracts using the acetic acid-induced writhing method and the tail flick method. Results: The phytochemical screening identified the presence of reducing sugars, tannin, phenol, alkaloid, glycoside, and flavonoids. With a zone of inhibition of 19 mm, antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus was demonstrated. The extract demonstrated scavenging potential in the DPPH free radical scavenging experiment, with an IC50 value of 123.68 μg/mL. At 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg, the acetic acid-induced writhing method showed a significant (P < 0.05) analgesic effect. The tail flick approach, which evaluates the pain reaction time, also produced similar results. Conclusion: Different secondary metabolites contained in Buddleja asiatica were found in the methanolic extract, and these secondary metabolites were determined to be physiologically active in terms of good antioxidant, analgesic, and antibacterial activities.
Nepal Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can... more Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can reach up to 1 to 8 meters tall and found between 300-2000 meters height in Nepal. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of Buddleja asiatica aerial component. Methods: A typical chemical test was outlined to conduct the phytochemical analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging experiment was used to quantitatively quantify the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract. By using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Swiss albino mice were utilized to test the analgesic efficacy of the extracts using the acetic acid-induced writhing method and the tail flick method. Results: The phytochemical screening identified the presence of reducing sugars, tannin, phenol, alkaloid, glycoside, and flavonoids. Wi...
European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024
Background: Drug dispensers, including pharmacists, assistant pharmacists, and professionals (Bav... more Background: Drug dispensers, including pharmacists, assistant pharmacists, and professionals (Bavayashai), are crucial healthcare providers in improving medication use, particularly among pregnant women in their communities.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate drug dispensers' knowledge about medication safety during pregnancy.
Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on practicing drug dispensers in the Dharan City of Nepal. They were asked about the safety of each medicine during pregnancy. It involved both Prescription-only medicine and Over-the-counter medications. Both descriptive and analytic statistics were utilized.
Results: Most drug dispensers have poor knowledge of the safety of dietary supplements (Vitamin A and Caffeine) and Temazepam. While 54.2% believe alprazolam is unsafe, 15.8% assess its use based on a risk-benefit analysis. Only 15.8% know tetracycline should be used if the benefits outweigh the risks, and 43.3% deem amoxicillin safe. The majority (79.2%) recognize ethinylestradiol as unsafe for pregnant women. About 38% identify valproic acid as unsafe, and 20% assess lamotrigine based on benefit-risk. For analgesics, 55.8% know acetaminophen is safe, but there is uncertainty about aspirin and ibuprofen use during pregnancy. Few are aware that pseudoephedrine hydrochloride should be used only if the benefits outweigh the risks. Significant associations were found between dispensers' education, their practice of asking about pregnancy status, and their knowledge of medication safety during pregnancy (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Drug dispensers are the most accessible healthcare providers who can help pregnant women with their medication use. There are still gaps in knowledge where educational interventions are needed.
Nepal Journal of Health Sciences, 2022
Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can... more Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can reach up to 1 to 8 meters tall and found between 300-2000 meters height in Nepal. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of Buddleja asiatica aerial component. Methods: A typical chemical test was outlined to conduct the phytochemical analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging experiment was used to quantitatively quantify the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract. By using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Swiss albino mice were utilized to test the analgesic efficacy of the extracts using the acetic acid-induced writhing method and the tail flick method. Results: The phytochemical screening identified the presence of reducing sugars, tannin, phenol, alkaloid, glycoside, and flavonoids. With a zone of inhibition of 19 mm, antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus was demonstrated. The extract demonstrated scavenging potential in the DPPH free radical scavenging experiment, with an IC50 value of 123.68 μg/mL. At 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg, the acetic acid-induced writhing method showed a significant (P < 0.05) analgesic effect. The tail flick approach, which evaluates the pain reaction time, also produced similar results. Conclusion: Different secondary metabolites contained in Buddleja asiatica were found in the methanolic extract, and these secondary metabolites were determined to be physiologically active in terms of good antioxidant, analgesic, and antibacterial activities.
Nepal Journal of Health Sciences
Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can... more Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can reach up to 1 to 8 meters tall and found between 300-2000 meters height in Nepal. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of Buddleja asiatica aerial component. Methods: A typical chemical test was outlined to conduct the phytochemical analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging experiment was used to quantitatively quantify the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract. By using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Swiss albino mice were utilized to test the analgesic efficacy of the extracts using the acetic acid-induced writhing method and the tail flick method. Results: The phytochemical screening identified the presence of reducing sugars, tannin, phenol, alkaloid, glycoside, and flavonoids. Wi...
European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024
Background: Drug dispensers, including pharmacists, assistant pharmacists, and professionals (Bav... more Background: Drug dispensers, including pharmacists, assistant pharmacists, and professionals (Bavayashai), are crucial healthcare providers in improving medication use, particularly among pregnant women in their communities.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate drug dispensers' knowledge about medication safety during pregnancy.
Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on practicing drug dispensers in the Dharan City of Nepal. They were asked about the safety of each medicine during pregnancy. It involved both Prescription-only medicine and Over-the-counter medications. Both descriptive and analytic statistics were utilized.
Results: Most drug dispensers have poor knowledge of the safety of dietary supplements (Vitamin A and Caffeine) and Temazepam. While 54.2% believe alprazolam is unsafe, 15.8% assess its use based on a risk-benefit analysis. Only 15.8% know tetracycline should be used if the benefits outweigh the risks, and 43.3% deem amoxicillin safe. The majority (79.2%) recognize ethinylestradiol as unsafe for pregnant women. About 38% identify valproic acid as unsafe, and 20% assess lamotrigine based on benefit-risk. For analgesics, 55.8% know acetaminophen is safe, but there is uncertainty about aspirin and ibuprofen use during pregnancy. Few are aware that pseudoephedrine hydrochloride should be used only if the benefits outweigh the risks. Significant associations were found between dispensers' education, their practice of asking about pregnancy status, and their knowledge of medication safety during pregnancy (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Drug dispensers are the most accessible healthcare providers who can help pregnant women with their medication use. There are still gaps in knowledge where educational interventions are needed.