Benjamin G Stephens | Purdue University (original) (raw)

Papers by Benjamin G Stephens

BMC pregnancy and childbirth, May 30, 2024

Background Since 2018, WHO recommends oral fluid and food intake for low-risk women during labor ... more Background Since 2018, WHO recommends oral fluid and food intake for low-risk women during labor to enhance positive childbirth experience and respect for women's preferences. This study investigated the current practices related to intrapartum oral intake among maternity care providers and women in public health facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana, and explored barriers and opportunities for adherence to the WHO guidance. Methods We used a mixed-method design at five public health facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana, which included structured interviews with 11 facility-level quality improvement staff and 12 maternity care providers; a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey with the same providers; and a client survey with 56 inpatient postpartum women. We conducted descriptive and inferential statistics, including z-tests to assess independent and dependent variables, and inductive thematic analyses. Results Provider adherence to the WHO recommendation varied, with many imposing restrictions on oral intake during labor. Concerns included potential complications like Mendelson's syndrome, consequently framing oral intake decisions as clinical and leading providers to limit women's involvement in their care decisions. Within our sample, 54% and 43% women reported their provider counseled them on oral fluid and food intake respectively, while 41% and 34% reported their provider asked them their preference for drinking and eating respectively. Ultimately, 73% drank fluids and 19% ate food during their labor. Counseling significantly correlated with women's intake practices (p < 0.01) and providers' inquiry to women's preferences for drinking and eating (p < 0.001) during labor. Conclusion Adherence to evidence-based practices for intrapartum oral intake among low-risk women was inconsistence. Maternity care providers play a vital role in involving women in their care decisions and respecting women's preferences. Strengthening national-level labor care guidelines and provider quality improvement approaches like in-service training, supportive supervision, and job aides to include the WHO recommendation will help providers adhere to the guidance and contribute to promoting a positive childbirth experience for women. Keywords Intrapartum oral fluid and food intake for low-risk women, Positive childbirth experience Background Through the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals and Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health 2016-2030, the global health and development agenda has committed to the health and

contemporary Psychology, Sep 1, 1995

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Nov 1, 2019

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Nov 1, 2019

We report forensic analysis of a case study of a skylight fall incident. We also replicated a haz... more We report forensic analysis of a case study of a skylight fall incident. We also replicated a hazard detection technique in the current case that we had previously employed in a similar case. In the hazard detection method, participants were asked to rate how hazardous each of eight photographs of a site visit scene appeared, and to identify any hazards present. Hazard ratings varied significantly across scenes, but no participant identified skylights as a hazard, replicating our previous findings and confirming site visit assessments. Flat-panel warehouse skylights were not conspicuous and/or were not identifiable, confirming forensic analysis. These results suggest that assessment of hazard identification using a quick hazard detection technique may be valid and efficient across variations in incident characteristics.

Displays, Jul 1, 2010

Introduction: Lag between head movement and the time to render the visual consequences of the mov... more Introduction: Lag between head movement and the time to render the visual consequences of the movement during head mounted display (HMD) applications presents challenges in the appearance of a stable image. This appearance of an image to ''lag" behind or ''swim" about may cause detriments in user performance, lack of user acceptance, and simulator sickness. These known potential consequences of HMD use motivated the current work to explore the human capability to detect display lag. The aim in this study was to gain a better understanding of the threshold for display lag detection and what variables affect this threshold. Methods: Twenty four subjects completed a repeated-measures three field of view (FOV; 10°, 38°, and full monocular) X two psychophysical technique (forced-choice and simple) experimental design. Passive sinusoidal head movements about the yaw axis were generated by an oscillating chair. A visual scene consisting of vertical bars was projected by an optokinetic drum moving in a sinusoidal fashion with the subjects. Subjects reported whether the scene lagged behind head movement. Results: The grand threshold mean for lag detection was 147.64 ms (SD = 84.91). The median was 130 ms and the 25th and 75th percentiles were 84.17 ms and 206.25 ms, respectively. Lag thresholds were not systematically influenced by either FOV or psychophysical technique. Discussion: Naïve subjects in the current study were less sensitive to lag as compared to thresholds reported in previous HMD studies, which provided lag detection strategies and practice [e.g., 77 ms; Ellis, Mania, Adelstein, & Hill, 2004]. Future examinations using the current paradigm should provide detection strategies and more practice.

Pipelines 2020, Aug 6, 2020

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Mar 5, 2019

Proceedings of SPIE, Nov 21, 1995

ABSTRACT The PULSAR project, aiming for the parallelization and adaptation of SAR segmentation an... more ABSTRACT The PULSAR project, aiming for the parallelization and adaptation of SAR segmentation and filtering codes, is carried out under the EUROPORT 2 activities within the European funded ESPRIT 3 program and running over 2 years. An international consortium consisting of companies working in the informatics and earth observation domain was created to perform the project as an interdisciplinary study. Different actions carried out in the past year and a half were mainly the testing and parallelization of the different codes, their adaptation to selected applications and the benchmarking in terms of speed and reliability of results. A number of codes were improved and speeded-up even before the parallelization and better benchmarking results could thus be achieved. For the detailed testing of the codes three key applications were identified where radar remote sensing will play a key role in the next few years. These applications are the oil spill detection, the surface management of temperate (European) agriculture and the tropical agriculture (rice surface detection and monitoring). For all three application fields different parameters available in the software were tested and results show great improvements of the interpretation capabilities in relation to the initially speckled ERS SAR data. The segmentation specifically allowed us to obtain field boundaries of agriculture fields over the test site Bourges (France) and areas of similar growth conditions for rice areas in Indonesia. The speed of the processing of one 512 by 512 pixel image was at 15 minutes using the serial version and 2 minutes using the parallelized version with 4 processors. The comparison between the serial and parallel results allowed us to investigate the stability of the parallel process which was below 2% inaccuracy. Thus, it can be underlined that the PULSAR project allowed us to develop a new and very useful tool for the interpretation of radar images. For specific applications it is intended to further adapt the tool in order to be able to deliver turn-key solutions to the user.

Journal of Climate, Sep 5, 2019

We find that part of the uncertainty in the amplitude and pattern of the modeled precipitation re... more We find that part of the uncertainty in the amplitude and pattern of the modeled precipitation response to CO 2 forcing traces to tropical condensation not directly involved with parameterized convection. The fraction of tropical rainfall associated with large-scale condensation can vary from a few percent to well over half depending on model details and parameter settings. In turn, because of the coupling between condensation and tropical circulation, the different ways model assumptions affect the large-scale rainfall fraction also affect the patterns of the response within individual models. In two single-model ensembles based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), versions 3.1 and 5.3, we find strong correlations between the fraction of tropical large-scale rain and both climatological rainfall and circulation and the response to CO 2 forcing. While the effects of an increasing tropical large-scale rain fraction are opposite in some ways in the two ensembles-for example, the Hadley circulation weakens with the large-scale rainfall fraction in the CAM3.1 ensemble while strengthening in the CAM5.3 ensemblewe can nonetheless understand these different effects in terms of the relationship between latent heating and circulation, and we propose explanations for each ensemble. We compare these results with data from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), for which some of the same patterns hold. Given the importance of this partitioning, there is a need for constraining this source of uncertainty using observations. However, since a ''large-scale rainfall fraction'' is a modeling construct, it is not clear how observations may be used to test various modeling assumptions determining this fraction.

Routledge eBooks, Jun 26, 2023

Journal of Social Psychology, Oct 1, 2004

Page 1. Address correspondence to Benjamin R. Stephens, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Cl... more Page 1. Address correspondence to Benjamin R. Stephens, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634; BStephe@Clemson.edu (e-mail). 535 The Journal of Social Psychology, 2004, 144(5), 535–537 Formal Names Versus Nicknames in ...

Optometry and Vision Science, Aug 1, 1988

ABSTRACT

Nano Letters, Mar 19, 2018

Tetrahedron, Nov 1, 2008

ABSTRACT A series of highly functionalised γ-hydroxyacryl γ-hydroxybutenolides, 2, were synthesis... more ABSTRACT A series of highly functionalised γ-hydroxyacryl γ-hydroxybutenolides, 2, were synthesised in 25–50% overall yields in two or three steps from 2-furfural using a tandem Baylis–Hillman-singlet oxygen oxidation reaction.Graphical abstract

BMC pregnancy and childbirth, May 30, 2024

Background Since 2018, WHO recommends oral fluid and food intake for low-risk women during labor ... more Background Since 2018, WHO recommends oral fluid and food intake for low-risk women during labor to enhance positive childbirth experience and respect for women's preferences. This study investigated the current practices related to intrapartum oral intake among maternity care providers and women in public health facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana, and explored barriers and opportunities for adherence to the WHO guidance. Methods We used a mixed-method design at five public health facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana, which included structured interviews with 11 facility-level quality improvement staff and 12 maternity care providers; a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey with the same providers; and a client survey with 56 inpatient postpartum women. We conducted descriptive and inferential statistics, including z-tests to assess independent and dependent variables, and inductive thematic analyses. Results Provider adherence to the WHO recommendation varied, with many imposing restrictions on oral intake during labor. Concerns included potential complications like Mendelson's syndrome, consequently framing oral intake decisions as clinical and leading providers to limit women's involvement in their care decisions. Within our sample, 54% and 43% women reported their provider counseled them on oral fluid and food intake respectively, while 41% and 34% reported their provider asked them their preference for drinking and eating respectively. Ultimately, 73% drank fluids and 19% ate food during their labor. Counseling significantly correlated with women's intake practices (p < 0.01) and providers' inquiry to women's preferences for drinking and eating (p < 0.001) during labor. Conclusion Adherence to evidence-based practices for intrapartum oral intake among low-risk women was inconsistence. Maternity care providers play a vital role in involving women in their care decisions and respecting women's preferences. Strengthening national-level labor care guidelines and provider quality improvement approaches like in-service training, supportive supervision, and job aides to include the WHO recommendation will help providers adhere to the guidance and contribute to promoting a positive childbirth experience for women. Keywords Intrapartum oral fluid and food intake for low-risk women, Positive childbirth experience Background Through the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals and Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health 2016-2030, the global health and development agenda has committed to the health and

contemporary Psychology, Sep 1, 1995

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Nov 1, 2019

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Nov 1, 2019

We report forensic analysis of a case study of a skylight fall incident. We also replicated a haz... more We report forensic analysis of a case study of a skylight fall incident. We also replicated a hazard detection technique in the current case that we had previously employed in a similar case. In the hazard detection method, participants were asked to rate how hazardous each of eight photographs of a site visit scene appeared, and to identify any hazards present. Hazard ratings varied significantly across scenes, but no participant identified skylights as a hazard, replicating our previous findings and confirming site visit assessments. Flat-panel warehouse skylights were not conspicuous and/or were not identifiable, confirming forensic analysis. These results suggest that assessment of hazard identification using a quick hazard detection technique may be valid and efficient across variations in incident characteristics.

Displays, Jul 1, 2010

Introduction: Lag between head movement and the time to render the visual consequences of the mov... more Introduction: Lag between head movement and the time to render the visual consequences of the movement during head mounted display (HMD) applications presents challenges in the appearance of a stable image. This appearance of an image to ''lag" behind or ''swim" about may cause detriments in user performance, lack of user acceptance, and simulator sickness. These known potential consequences of HMD use motivated the current work to explore the human capability to detect display lag. The aim in this study was to gain a better understanding of the threshold for display lag detection and what variables affect this threshold. Methods: Twenty four subjects completed a repeated-measures three field of view (FOV; 10°, 38°, and full monocular) X two psychophysical technique (forced-choice and simple) experimental design. Passive sinusoidal head movements about the yaw axis were generated by an oscillating chair. A visual scene consisting of vertical bars was projected by an optokinetic drum moving in a sinusoidal fashion with the subjects. Subjects reported whether the scene lagged behind head movement. Results: The grand threshold mean for lag detection was 147.64 ms (SD = 84.91). The median was 130 ms and the 25th and 75th percentiles were 84.17 ms and 206.25 ms, respectively. Lag thresholds were not systematically influenced by either FOV or psychophysical technique. Discussion: Naïve subjects in the current study were less sensitive to lag as compared to thresholds reported in previous HMD studies, which provided lag detection strategies and practice [e.g., 77 ms; Ellis, Mania, Adelstein, & Hill, 2004]. Future examinations using the current paradigm should provide detection strategies and more practice.

Pipelines 2020, Aug 6, 2020

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Mar 5, 2019

Proceedings of SPIE, Nov 21, 1995

ABSTRACT The PULSAR project, aiming for the parallelization and adaptation of SAR segmentation an... more ABSTRACT The PULSAR project, aiming for the parallelization and adaptation of SAR segmentation and filtering codes, is carried out under the EUROPORT 2 activities within the European funded ESPRIT 3 program and running over 2 years. An international consortium consisting of companies working in the informatics and earth observation domain was created to perform the project as an interdisciplinary study. Different actions carried out in the past year and a half were mainly the testing and parallelization of the different codes, their adaptation to selected applications and the benchmarking in terms of speed and reliability of results. A number of codes were improved and speeded-up even before the parallelization and better benchmarking results could thus be achieved. For the detailed testing of the codes three key applications were identified where radar remote sensing will play a key role in the next few years. These applications are the oil spill detection, the surface management of temperate (European) agriculture and the tropical agriculture (rice surface detection and monitoring). For all three application fields different parameters available in the software were tested and results show great improvements of the interpretation capabilities in relation to the initially speckled ERS SAR data. The segmentation specifically allowed us to obtain field boundaries of agriculture fields over the test site Bourges (France) and areas of similar growth conditions for rice areas in Indonesia. The speed of the processing of one 512 by 512 pixel image was at 15 minutes using the serial version and 2 minutes using the parallelized version with 4 processors. The comparison between the serial and parallel results allowed us to investigate the stability of the parallel process which was below 2% inaccuracy. Thus, it can be underlined that the PULSAR project allowed us to develop a new and very useful tool for the interpretation of radar images. For specific applications it is intended to further adapt the tool in order to be able to deliver turn-key solutions to the user.

Journal of Climate, Sep 5, 2019

We find that part of the uncertainty in the amplitude and pattern of the modeled precipitation re... more We find that part of the uncertainty in the amplitude and pattern of the modeled precipitation response to CO 2 forcing traces to tropical condensation not directly involved with parameterized convection. The fraction of tropical rainfall associated with large-scale condensation can vary from a few percent to well over half depending on model details and parameter settings. In turn, because of the coupling between condensation and tropical circulation, the different ways model assumptions affect the large-scale rainfall fraction also affect the patterns of the response within individual models. In two single-model ensembles based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), versions 3.1 and 5.3, we find strong correlations between the fraction of tropical large-scale rain and both climatological rainfall and circulation and the response to CO 2 forcing. While the effects of an increasing tropical large-scale rain fraction are opposite in some ways in the two ensembles-for example, the Hadley circulation weakens with the large-scale rainfall fraction in the CAM3.1 ensemble while strengthening in the CAM5.3 ensemblewe can nonetheless understand these different effects in terms of the relationship between latent heating and circulation, and we propose explanations for each ensemble. We compare these results with data from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), for which some of the same patterns hold. Given the importance of this partitioning, there is a need for constraining this source of uncertainty using observations. However, since a ''large-scale rainfall fraction'' is a modeling construct, it is not clear how observations may be used to test various modeling assumptions determining this fraction.

Routledge eBooks, Jun 26, 2023

Journal of Social Psychology, Oct 1, 2004

Page 1. Address correspondence to Benjamin R. Stephens, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Cl... more Page 1. Address correspondence to Benjamin R. Stephens, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634; BStephe@Clemson.edu (e-mail). 535 The Journal of Social Psychology, 2004, 144(5), 535–537 Formal Names Versus Nicknames in ...

Optometry and Vision Science, Aug 1, 1988

ABSTRACT

Nano Letters, Mar 19, 2018

Tetrahedron, Nov 1, 2008

ABSTRACT A series of highly functionalised γ-hydroxyacryl γ-hydroxybutenolides, 2, were synthesis... more ABSTRACT A series of highly functionalised γ-hydroxyacryl γ-hydroxybutenolides, 2, were synthesised in 25–50% overall yields in two or three steps from 2-furfural using a tandem Baylis–Hillman-singlet oxygen oxidation reaction.Graphical abstract