Sitti Umniyati | Gadjah Mada University (original) (raw)

Papers by Sitti Umniyati

Latar belakang : Penyakit demam berdarah dengue adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dan di... more Latar belakang : Penyakit demam berdarah dengue adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dan ditularkan lewat nyamuk dan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, yang cenderung semakin luas penyebarannya sejalan dengan meningkatnya mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk. Provinsi dengan IR demam berdarah dengue tertinggi tahun 2013 yaitu Bali sebesar 168,48, DKI Jakarta sebesar 104,04, dan DI Yogyakarta sebesar 95,99 per 100.000 penduduk. Selama dua tahun terakhir, kasus demam berdarah dengue tertinggi terdapat di Kabupaten Bantul yakni pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 622 kasus dan tahun 2015 sebanyak 1417 kasus. Salah satu kecamatan yang endemis demam berdarah dengueyaitu Kecamatan Banguntapan. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul, terjadi peningkatan kasus sebanyak tiga kali lipat dari tahun 2014 ke tahun 2015 yakni 93 kasus menjadi 282 kasus. Determinan penyakit demam berdarah dengue adalah sanitasi lingkungan dan keberadaan jentik Aedes Sp. Penelitian in...

Introduction: Malaria infection could activate T cell helper 2 CD4+ which release cytokines IL-4,... more Introduction: Malaria infection could activate T cell helper 2 CD4+ which release cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 was a kind of immunosuppressant cytokines and prevented a cerebral tissue damage from the expression intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by TNF- , ended with a cerebral malaria. The red fruit was proved as antioxidant but its effect to reduce TNF-and expression of ICAM-1 in cerebral tissue endothelial cell remained unknown. Objectives: to know the effect of red fruit ethanol extract toward the change of TNF-secretion number and ICAM-1 in Swiss male mice's cerebral endothelial cell infected with P.berghei. Methods: Sixty Swiss male mice were divided in to 6 groups, group I was not given the red fruit (BM) ethanol extract and not infected P.berghei, Group II was given BM 260mg/kg BB but not infected P. berghei, group III, IV, V were given BM 130, 260, and 520 mg/kg respectively and infected with P. berghei. Red fruit extract or carrier substance was given for 4 weeks, P. berghei was given in the early of third week. TNF-level check was done in third and ninth day after the injection, with TNF-ELISA kit mouse. ICAM-1 cerebral endotel cell expression check was done in third and nine day with immunohistochemistry (IHC) coloring. Results: TNF-level in third day after infected to the groups given red fruit extract (group III, IV, and V) showed no significant difference (p=0,839) compared to group which was not given red fruit but infected (group VI). TNF-level in ninth day after infected to groups given red fruit (group III,IV,V) lower (p<0,05) compared to groups which was not given red fruit but infected. ICAM-1 expression in third and ninth day after treatment to group given red fruit extract was lower (p<0,05) compared to groups given red fruit extract but infected. Conclusion: Red fruit ethanol extract (P conoideus Lam) could decrease TNF-level and ICAM-I expression in Swiss mice' endothelial cerebral cells after infected by P. berghei.

Purpose: ​This study aimed to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygien... more Purpose: ​This study aimed to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygiene and environmental factors on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in Batanghari riverside. ​Methods: ​This cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools (SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan) with 100 respondents. Results: ​The prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in primary school children in Kecamatan Telanaipura Jambi City is quite low. There was a relationship between poor hygiene with the incidence of intestinal parasite infection. There was no association between knowledge, attitudes, clean water sources, drinking water sources, and the availability of latrines with intestinal parasitic infections. ​Conclusion: Maintaining a clean and healthy lifestyle is needed to avoid infectious disease. Health workers need to provide routine help checks for intestinal parasite infection for school children.

Tujuan: Untuk menjelaskan gambaran faktor lingkungan fisik meliputi: suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan... more Tujuan: Untuk menjelaskan gambaran faktor lingkungan fisik meliputi: suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan angin dan curah hujan, dan menganalisis secara spasial dan temporal pengaruhnya terhadap kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2011-2015. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan pendekatan spasial-temporal. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series bulan kejadian malaria dan faktor lingkungan fisik di Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2011-2015. Model regresi poisson dan binomial negatif digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan fisik dengan kejadian malaria berdasrakan hasil pemilihan model terbaik dengan melihat nilai Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC) dan Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). Data faktor lingkungan fisik dilakukan interpolasi menggunakan metode IDW ( Inverse Distance Weighting ) pada software Sistem Informasi Geografis. Hasil: Rata-rata suhu udara dan kelembaban udara dari tahun 2011-2015 berturut-turut 25,79 o C dan 87,...

Purpose: This study try to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygiene a... more Purpose: This study try to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygiene and environmental factors on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in Batanghari riversideMethod: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools (SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan) with 100 respondents Findings: The prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in primary school children in Kecamatan Telanaipura Jambi City is quite low. There is a relationship between poor hygiene with the incidence of intestinal parasite infection. There is no relationship between knowledge, attitudes, clean water sources, drinking water sources, and the availability of latrines with intestinal parasitic infections.Practical implications: Health workers need to provide routine assistance examination of intestinal parasite infections for schoolchildrenOriginality: This study contributes to our understanding that keeping a clean and health...

Introduction: Ae. aegypti is one of the vectors causing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) that feeds... more Introduction: Ae. aegypti is one of the vectors causing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) that feeds on human blood suffering from DHF and transmit it to another healthy human. The ability of Dengue Virus (DENV) to survive in nature is due to 2 mechanisms i.e. horizontal transmission among viremic vertebratae infected by Aedes mosquitos and vertical (transovarial) transmission from infected female mosquito to another generation. Objectives: To know the differences between next generation’s viral carriage, percentage ofmosquito descendants carrying DENV, and the distribution of DENV in its infected mosquitos. Methods: Study design was a quasi experimental posttest-only design with control group. The study was conducted on 53 second-generation female Ae. aegypti mosquitos which are grouped into treatment and control groups. Dengue Viral antigen in both groups were detected by immunohistochemistry method using Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC) in paraffin embedding preparation...

Aedes aegypti is a vector for Dengue. The use of synthetic repellent cause several health issue. ... more Aedes aegypti is a vector for Dengue. The use of synthetic repellent cause several health issue. Zingiber officinale Roxb. “Cochin Ginger” essential oil (A) and Zingiber officinale Roxb. var rubrum essential oil (B) was used as a repellent for Aedes aegypti. Increasing of repellent activity was strived by formulating A and B with sesame oil and coconut oil as a base. The aim of this study was to compare repellent activity between A and B, to know the influence of oily base to repellent activity of A and B, to know the effective concentration of essential oil in oily base as a repellent.Isolation of essential oil was done by water and steam destilation. Quantitative and qualitative assays by GS-MS. Repellent activity was tested by three steps: initiation, effective consentration assay, and effective concentration of repellent activity. Essential oil on certain concentration (100%, 50% in the base, the effective concentration of SLD) and Lemon grass essential oil was applied on the su...

The immune response of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a series of immunopathogenesis pr... more The immune response of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a series of immunopathogenesis processes starting from viral infection to the target on monocytes and macrophages. It may consequently cause a cascade of viremia in the circulation that stimulates the afferent, efferent, and effector mechanism by the interaction of the humoral and complement system. The cascade results in inflammatory substance that will affect capillary permeability and activate coagulation factors leading to further effects on endothelial level. The mechanism involving pathogenesis of DHF/DSS is still vague. So far, a theory of heterologous infection has been developed, which explains that on second infection, there is subneutralization that induce viral replication. The autoimmune mechanism development leads to the better understanding of DHF. It also explains the autoimmune response of the viral infection, which consists of molecular mimicry, bystander activation and viral persistence. The develop...

For several decades, applications of malathion and cypermethrin insecticides have been extensivel... more For several decades, applications of malathion and cypermethrin insecticides have been extensively used to control Aedes aegypti. Hence it is important to study mosquito vector resistance status and its posible mechanisms in relation to long term use of insecticides. This study aimed to determine the resistance status and to characterize mechanisms of Ae. aegypti to malathion and cypermethrin. Larvae and puppae of Ae. aegypti were collected in the field of Plosokuning, Minomartani, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The biological assay was carried out using CDC Bottle Bioassay to test the resistant status. The biochemical assay was conducted using microplate assay with substrate α-naphthyl acetate to test the presence of esterase elevated activity. The molecular assay was done using PCR with primers AaSCF1 and AaSCR4 to detect of point mutation at S989P, I1011M (or V), L1014F sites, and AaSCF7 and AaSCR7 to detect of point mutation at F1534C site. The biological assay sh...

Malathion and temephos, were the primary insecticides used for controlling the dengue vectors of ... more Malathion and temephos, were the primary insecticides used for controlling the dengue vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Indonesia. Bioassay studies reported that Ae. albopictus from Yogyakarta region had been resistant to malathion. It has been proven that elevated levels of non-specific esterase are responsible for the insect resistance to organophosphate insecticides. This study aimed to determine the resistance status and mechanisms of Ae. albopictus larvae to organophosphates using biochemical assay. Aedes albopictus eggs were collected by ovitraps from four districts in Yogyakarta Special Region, where dengue is endemic (Yogyakarta City, Sleman, Bantul and Kulon Progo). The eggs were reared to larvae and biochemical assay was done by microplate assay using the substrate α-naphthyl acetate. The results showed that Ae. albopictus larvae in four district areas in Yogyakarta Special Region had developed resistance to organophosphate insecticide due to presence of ele...

Latar belakang: Infeksi parasit usus masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di beberapa negara di dunia,... more Latar belakang: Infeksi parasit usus masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di beberapa negara di dunia, dibuktikan dengan prevalensinya yang masih tinggi dan tersebar luas di daerah tropik dan subtropik. Prevalensi parasit usus di Indonesia tergolong tinggi terutama pada penduduk miskin, pendidikan yang rendah, hidup di lingkungan padat penghuni dengan sanitasi yang buruk, tidak mempunyai jamban serta fasilitas air bersih yang tidak mencukupi. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan terhadap kejadian infeksi parasit usus yang menginfeksi anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Telanaipura, Kota Jambi. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan rancangan cross sectional , populasi pada penelitian adalah anak SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan sebanyak 100 responden. Hasil penelitian: Infeksi parasit usus (12%) terdiri dari infeksi tunggal (10%) dan infeksi ganda (2%). Infeksi parasit yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah infeksi tunggal Trichuris trichiura (8%), ...

Background: Intestinal parasitic infection remain a major public health problem, evidenced the pr... more Background: Intestinal parasitic infection remain a major public health problem, evidenced the prevalence still high and widespread in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in Indonesia relatively high, especially in especially in of poor population, poor education, live in crowded environments, poor of sanitation inhabitants, does not have latrines and clean water facilities. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of source water quality, hygiene of behavior and environmental factors on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection that infects primary school children in Telanaipura, Jambi. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools (SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan) of 100 respondents. Results: Intestinal parasitic infections (12%) consists of a single infection (10%) and double infection (2%). Parasitic infections are most commonly found are Trichuris trichiura (8%...

Background and Aim: Studies to determine abundance, distribution, species composition, and mosqui... more Background and Aim: Studies to determine abundance, distribution, species composition, and mosquito interactions are very important in understanding the risk of disease transmission to implement appropriate mosquito management in endemic areas. Lymphatic filarial worms are one of the parasites that are contracted and/or transmitted by mosquitoes when sucking the blood of infected humans or animals and then biting others. This research was conducted to study the abundance, species composition, mosquito biting cycles, density and periodicity of mosquitoes caught in Lubuk Pauh Village, Bulang Tengah Suku Ulu, Musi Rawas, South Sumatera, Indonesia, which is an endemic area of zoonotic Brugia malayi. Materials and Methods: The mosquito collection was done in July 2018 using the human landing collection method for 11 h from 18.00 pm to 5.00 am Western Indonesian Time. The catching of mosquitoes was done both indoors and outdoors, and mosquitoes were identified under a dissecting microscop...

Introduction: Rapid test kit based on immunochromatography test (ICT) in detecting dengue NS-1 an... more Introduction: Rapid test kit based on immunochromatography test (ICT) in detecting dengue NS-1 antigen for early dengue infection is available in the market. Its availability allows earlier management for dengue infected patient but it remains costly to most people. Recently, Dengue Team of Universitas Gadjah Mada has developed monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of dengue NS-1 antigen in leucocytes of infected patients based on Streptavid in Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC) immunocytochemistry method. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the validity of the immunochromatography (SD Dengue NS1 Ag) method by determining kappa agreement index between two observers, and to compare the diagnostic performances of ICT and immunocytochemistry methods in detecting dengue NS1 antigen in the blood samples. Methods : A cross sectional study design is used. This study uses 35 blood plasma remains from a previous study conducted on RT-PCR method. Three drops of blood ...

Background and Aim: Brugia malayi is known to be zoonotically important because it can be transmi... more Background and Aim: Brugia malayi is known to be zoonotically important because it can be transmitted from animals (mammals and primates) to humans or from humans to humans through mosquito vectors. This study was conducted to explore the fauna associated with Malayan filariasis transmission in Sedang village, Suak Tapeh District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research design with an observational and analytical approach was applied in this study, and it was conducted in May 2018. Mosquitoes were collected twice using human bait both inside and outside the house from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. The presence of competitors, predators, and reservoir hosts in the areas of five breeding habitats of Mansonia spp. was observed. The presence of microfilaria was confirmed under a microscope in night blood samples of inhabitants and cats. The presence of infective larvae (L3) of B. malayi was identified microscopically and based on ...

Introduction: Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne flavivirus disease. The number of Dengu... more Introduction: Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne flavivirus disease. The number of Dengue cases in Indonesia in 2010 range from 150,000 cases with the deaths of around 1,317 people. Huge number of cases have made Indonesia was the first ranked as the state with the highest Dengue cases in the ASEAN region and the world's second ranking after Brazil. The drugs or antibiotics that can be administered effectively to cure this disease has not been found yet. Many study have been done and some that have been reported include viral RNA synthesis inhibitors, protein inhibitors of NS3 helicase and protease and inhibitors that inhibit Dengue virus maturation. Curcumin have preventive activity against several viruses: vasicular stomatis ( VSV ), HSV 1 and 2, parainfluenza - 3, reovirus - 1, feline corona virus , feline herpes virus . Curcumin also known have ubiquitin proteasome inhibition system was able to decrease the production of Japanese ensefalitis virus. Objectives: This...

Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti (Ae. ... more Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti (Ae. Aegypti) and Ae. albopictus. Dengue fever is now one of the most important public health problems in Indonesia. Vector control using insecticides is the most important strategy to control the DF. Massal fogging and selective abatisation have implementedd intensively to control Ae. aegypti. However after its a long time implementation, mosquitoes resistance and transovarial transmission have been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti to organophosphate and its ability to transovarial transmit degue virus in Kendari City, South East Sulawesi. This was a observational study using cross-sectional design conducted in high endemic areas (Kadia Village) and low endemic areas (Kambu Village). Susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larvae from F1’s egg generation was evaluated by biochemic assay, whereas the transovarial transmission of dengue virus...

Introduction : Aedes aegypti is one of the major vectors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that c... more Introduction : Aedes aegypti is one of the major vectors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that can be reared in laboratory. Artificial membrane feeding (AMF) assay is used as a simulated host to blood feeding mosquitoes in laboratory. Objective s : The purpose of this study are to investigate the effect of heater and the most widely used anticoagulant of K 3 EDTA, heparin and sodium citrate on blood feeding sucsses, feeding rate, fecundity, hatchability, preadult development and survival rate of Ae des Aegypti colonies maintained by AMF system compared to direct human feeding. Methods : The system consisted of AMF with parafilm membrane which are warmed and not warmed by a waterbath. Human blood samples were used to feed Ae des aegypti using AMF. The number of eggs were counted seven days after feeding after mosquitoes laid the eggs. Every eggs were hatched in a 500 mL of rearing glass to evaluate the hatchability and preadult development. Survival rate is evaluated after blood fee...

Latar belakang : Penyakit demam berdarah dengue adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dan di... more Latar belakang : Penyakit demam berdarah dengue adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dan ditularkan lewat nyamuk dan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, yang cenderung semakin luas penyebarannya sejalan dengan meningkatnya mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk. Provinsi dengan IR demam berdarah dengue tertinggi tahun 2013 yaitu Bali sebesar 168,48, DKI Jakarta sebesar 104,04, dan DI Yogyakarta sebesar 95,99 per 100.000 penduduk. Selama dua tahun terakhir, kasus demam berdarah dengue tertinggi terdapat di Kabupaten Bantul yakni pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 622 kasus dan tahun 2015 sebanyak 1417 kasus. Salah satu kecamatan yang endemis demam berdarah dengueyaitu Kecamatan Banguntapan. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul, terjadi peningkatan kasus sebanyak tiga kali lipat dari tahun 2014 ke tahun 2015 yakni 93 kasus menjadi 282 kasus. Determinan penyakit demam berdarah dengue adalah sanitasi lingkungan dan keberadaan jentik Aedes Sp. Penelitian in...

Introduction: Malaria infection could activate T cell helper 2 CD4+ which release cytokines IL-4,... more Introduction: Malaria infection could activate T cell helper 2 CD4+ which release cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 was a kind of immunosuppressant cytokines and prevented a cerebral tissue damage from the expression intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by TNF- , ended with a cerebral malaria. The red fruit was proved as antioxidant but its effect to reduce TNF-and expression of ICAM-1 in cerebral tissue endothelial cell remained unknown. Objectives: to know the effect of red fruit ethanol extract toward the change of TNF-secretion number and ICAM-1 in Swiss male mice's cerebral endothelial cell infected with P.berghei. Methods: Sixty Swiss male mice were divided in to 6 groups, group I was not given the red fruit (BM) ethanol extract and not infected P.berghei, Group II was given BM 260mg/kg BB but not infected P. berghei, group III, IV, V were given BM 130, 260, and 520 mg/kg respectively and infected with P. berghei. Red fruit extract or carrier substance was given for 4 weeks, P. berghei was given in the early of third week. TNF-level check was done in third and ninth day after the injection, with TNF-ELISA kit mouse. ICAM-1 cerebral endotel cell expression check was done in third and nine day with immunohistochemistry (IHC) coloring. Results: TNF-level in third day after infected to the groups given red fruit extract (group III, IV, and V) showed no significant difference (p=0,839) compared to group which was not given red fruit but infected (group VI). TNF-level in ninth day after infected to groups given red fruit (group III,IV,V) lower (p<0,05) compared to groups which was not given red fruit but infected. ICAM-1 expression in third and ninth day after treatment to group given red fruit extract was lower (p<0,05) compared to groups given red fruit extract but infected. Conclusion: Red fruit ethanol extract (P conoideus Lam) could decrease TNF-level and ICAM-I expression in Swiss mice' endothelial cerebral cells after infected by P. berghei.

Purpose: ​This study aimed to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygien... more Purpose: ​This study aimed to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygiene and environmental factors on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in Batanghari riverside. ​Methods: ​This cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools (SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan) with 100 respondents. Results: ​The prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in primary school children in Kecamatan Telanaipura Jambi City is quite low. There was a relationship between poor hygiene with the incidence of intestinal parasite infection. There was no association between knowledge, attitudes, clean water sources, drinking water sources, and the availability of latrines with intestinal parasitic infections. ​Conclusion: Maintaining a clean and healthy lifestyle is needed to avoid infectious disease. Health workers need to provide routine help checks for intestinal parasite infection for school children.

Tujuan: Untuk menjelaskan gambaran faktor lingkungan fisik meliputi: suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan... more Tujuan: Untuk menjelaskan gambaran faktor lingkungan fisik meliputi: suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan angin dan curah hujan, dan menganalisis secara spasial dan temporal pengaruhnya terhadap kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2011-2015. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan pendekatan spasial-temporal. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series bulan kejadian malaria dan faktor lingkungan fisik di Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2011-2015. Model regresi poisson dan binomial negatif digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan fisik dengan kejadian malaria berdasrakan hasil pemilihan model terbaik dengan melihat nilai Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC) dan Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). Data faktor lingkungan fisik dilakukan interpolasi menggunakan metode IDW ( Inverse Distance Weighting ) pada software Sistem Informasi Geografis. Hasil: Rata-rata suhu udara dan kelembaban udara dari tahun 2011-2015 berturut-turut 25,79 o C dan 87,...

Purpose: This study try to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygiene a... more Purpose: This study try to determine the relationship of water source quality, personal hygiene and environmental factors on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in Batanghari riversideMethod: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools (SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan) with 100 respondents Findings: The prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in primary school children in Kecamatan Telanaipura Jambi City is quite low. There is a relationship between poor hygiene with the incidence of intestinal parasite infection. There is no relationship between knowledge, attitudes, clean water sources, drinking water sources, and the availability of latrines with intestinal parasitic infections.Practical implications: Health workers need to provide routine assistance examination of intestinal parasite infections for schoolchildrenOriginality: This study contributes to our understanding that keeping a clean and health...

Introduction: Ae. aegypti is one of the vectors causing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) that feeds... more Introduction: Ae. aegypti is one of the vectors causing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) that feeds on human blood suffering from DHF and transmit it to another healthy human. The ability of Dengue Virus (DENV) to survive in nature is due to 2 mechanisms i.e. horizontal transmission among viremic vertebratae infected by Aedes mosquitos and vertical (transovarial) transmission from infected female mosquito to another generation. Objectives: To know the differences between next generation’s viral carriage, percentage ofmosquito descendants carrying DENV, and the distribution of DENV in its infected mosquitos. Methods: Study design was a quasi experimental posttest-only design with control group. The study was conducted on 53 second-generation female Ae. aegypti mosquitos which are grouped into treatment and control groups. Dengue Viral antigen in both groups were detected by immunohistochemistry method using Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC) in paraffin embedding preparation...

Aedes aegypti is a vector for Dengue. The use of synthetic repellent cause several health issue. ... more Aedes aegypti is a vector for Dengue. The use of synthetic repellent cause several health issue. Zingiber officinale Roxb. “Cochin Ginger” essential oil (A) and Zingiber officinale Roxb. var rubrum essential oil (B) was used as a repellent for Aedes aegypti. Increasing of repellent activity was strived by formulating A and B with sesame oil and coconut oil as a base. The aim of this study was to compare repellent activity between A and B, to know the influence of oily base to repellent activity of A and B, to know the effective concentration of essential oil in oily base as a repellent.Isolation of essential oil was done by water and steam destilation. Quantitative and qualitative assays by GS-MS. Repellent activity was tested by three steps: initiation, effective consentration assay, and effective concentration of repellent activity. Essential oil on certain concentration (100%, 50% in the base, the effective concentration of SLD) and Lemon grass essential oil was applied on the su...

The immune response of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a series of immunopathogenesis pr... more The immune response of dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a series of immunopathogenesis processes starting from viral infection to the target on monocytes and macrophages. It may consequently cause a cascade of viremia in the circulation that stimulates the afferent, efferent, and effector mechanism by the interaction of the humoral and complement system. The cascade results in inflammatory substance that will affect capillary permeability and activate coagulation factors leading to further effects on endothelial level. The mechanism involving pathogenesis of DHF/DSS is still vague. So far, a theory of heterologous infection has been developed, which explains that on second infection, there is subneutralization that induce viral replication. The autoimmune mechanism development leads to the better understanding of DHF. It also explains the autoimmune response of the viral infection, which consists of molecular mimicry, bystander activation and viral persistence. The develop...

For several decades, applications of malathion and cypermethrin insecticides have been extensivel... more For several decades, applications of malathion and cypermethrin insecticides have been extensively used to control Aedes aegypti. Hence it is important to study mosquito vector resistance status and its posible mechanisms in relation to long term use of insecticides. This study aimed to determine the resistance status and to characterize mechanisms of Ae. aegypti to malathion and cypermethrin. Larvae and puppae of Ae. aegypti were collected in the field of Plosokuning, Minomartani, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The biological assay was carried out using CDC Bottle Bioassay to test the resistant status. The biochemical assay was conducted using microplate assay with substrate α-naphthyl acetate to test the presence of esterase elevated activity. The molecular assay was done using PCR with primers AaSCF1 and AaSCR4 to detect of point mutation at S989P, I1011M (or V), L1014F sites, and AaSCF7 and AaSCR7 to detect of point mutation at F1534C site. The biological assay sh...

Malathion and temephos, were the primary insecticides used for controlling the dengue vectors of ... more Malathion and temephos, were the primary insecticides used for controlling the dengue vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Indonesia. Bioassay studies reported that Ae. albopictus from Yogyakarta region had been resistant to malathion. It has been proven that elevated levels of non-specific esterase are responsible for the insect resistance to organophosphate insecticides. This study aimed to determine the resistance status and mechanisms of Ae. albopictus larvae to organophosphates using biochemical assay. Aedes albopictus eggs were collected by ovitraps from four districts in Yogyakarta Special Region, where dengue is endemic (Yogyakarta City, Sleman, Bantul and Kulon Progo). The eggs were reared to larvae and biochemical assay was done by microplate assay using the substrate α-naphthyl acetate. The results showed that Ae. albopictus larvae in four district areas in Yogyakarta Special Region had developed resistance to organophosphate insecticide due to presence of ele...

Latar belakang: Infeksi parasit usus masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di beberapa negara di dunia,... more Latar belakang: Infeksi parasit usus masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di beberapa negara di dunia, dibuktikan dengan prevalensinya yang masih tinggi dan tersebar luas di daerah tropik dan subtropik. Prevalensi parasit usus di Indonesia tergolong tinggi terutama pada penduduk miskin, pendidikan yang rendah, hidup di lingkungan padat penghuni dengan sanitasi yang buruk, tidak mempunyai jamban serta fasilitas air bersih yang tidak mencukupi. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan terhadap kejadian infeksi parasit usus yang menginfeksi anak sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Telanaipura, Kota Jambi. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan rancangan cross sectional , populasi pada penelitian adalah anak SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan sebanyak 100 responden. Hasil penelitian: Infeksi parasit usus (12%) terdiri dari infeksi tunggal (10%) dan infeksi ganda (2%). Infeksi parasit yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah infeksi tunggal Trichuris trichiura (8%), ...

Background: Intestinal parasitic infection remain a major public health problem, evidenced the pr... more Background: Intestinal parasitic infection remain a major public health problem, evidenced the prevalence still high and widespread in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in Indonesia relatively high, especially in especially in of poor population, poor education, live in crowded environments, poor of sanitation inhabitants, does not have latrines and clean water facilities. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of source water quality, hygiene of behavior and environmental factors on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection that infects primary school children in Telanaipura, Jambi. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools (SDN 209 Pantai Aur Duri dan SDN 143 Pulau Pandan) of 100 respondents. Results: Intestinal parasitic infections (12%) consists of a single infection (10%) and double infection (2%). Parasitic infections are most commonly found are Trichuris trichiura (8%...

Background and Aim: Studies to determine abundance, distribution, species composition, and mosqui... more Background and Aim: Studies to determine abundance, distribution, species composition, and mosquito interactions are very important in understanding the risk of disease transmission to implement appropriate mosquito management in endemic areas. Lymphatic filarial worms are one of the parasites that are contracted and/or transmitted by mosquitoes when sucking the blood of infected humans or animals and then biting others. This research was conducted to study the abundance, species composition, mosquito biting cycles, density and periodicity of mosquitoes caught in Lubuk Pauh Village, Bulang Tengah Suku Ulu, Musi Rawas, South Sumatera, Indonesia, which is an endemic area of zoonotic Brugia malayi. Materials and Methods: The mosquito collection was done in July 2018 using the human landing collection method for 11 h from 18.00 pm to 5.00 am Western Indonesian Time. The catching of mosquitoes was done both indoors and outdoors, and mosquitoes were identified under a dissecting microscop...

Introduction: Rapid test kit based on immunochromatography test (ICT) in detecting dengue NS-1 an... more Introduction: Rapid test kit based on immunochromatography test (ICT) in detecting dengue NS-1 antigen for early dengue infection is available in the market. Its availability allows earlier management for dengue infected patient but it remains costly to most people. Recently, Dengue Team of Universitas Gadjah Mada has developed monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of dengue NS-1 antigen in leucocytes of infected patients based on Streptavid in Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC) immunocytochemistry method. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the validity of the immunochromatography (SD Dengue NS1 Ag) method by determining kappa agreement index between two observers, and to compare the diagnostic performances of ICT and immunocytochemistry methods in detecting dengue NS1 antigen in the blood samples. Methods : A cross sectional study design is used. This study uses 35 blood plasma remains from a previous study conducted on RT-PCR method. Three drops of blood ...

Background and Aim: Brugia malayi is known to be zoonotically important because it can be transmi... more Background and Aim: Brugia malayi is known to be zoonotically important because it can be transmitted from animals (mammals and primates) to humans or from humans to humans through mosquito vectors. This study was conducted to explore the fauna associated with Malayan filariasis transmission in Sedang village, Suak Tapeh District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research design with an observational and analytical approach was applied in this study, and it was conducted in May 2018. Mosquitoes were collected twice using human bait both inside and outside the house from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. The presence of competitors, predators, and reservoir hosts in the areas of five breeding habitats of Mansonia spp. was observed. The presence of microfilaria was confirmed under a microscope in night blood samples of inhabitants and cats. The presence of infective larvae (L3) of B. malayi was identified microscopically and based on ...

Introduction: Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne flavivirus disease. The number of Dengu... more Introduction: Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne flavivirus disease. The number of Dengue cases in Indonesia in 2010 range from 150,000 cases with the deaths of around 1,317 people. Huge number of cases have made Indonesia was the first ranked as the state with the highest Dengue cases in the ASEAN region and the world's second ranking after Brazil. The drugs or antibiotics that can be administered effectively to cure this disease has not been found yet. Many study have been done and some that have been reported include viral RNA synthesis inhibitors, protein inhibitors of NS3 helicase and protease and inhibitors that inhibit Dengue virus maturation. Curcumin have preventive activity against several viruses: vasicular stomatis ( VSV ), HSV 1 and 2, parainfluenza - 3, reovirus - 1, feline corona virus , feline herpes virus . Curcumin also known have ubiquitin proteasome inhibition system was able to decrease the production of Japanese ensefalitis virus. Objectives: This...

Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti (Ae. ... more Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti (Ae. Aegypti) and Ae. albopictus. Dengue fever is now one of the most important public health problems in Indonesia. Vector control using insecticides is the most important strategy to control the DF. Massal fogging and selective abatisation have implementedd intensively to control Ae. aegypti. However after its a long time implementation, mosquitoes resistance and transovarial transmission have been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti to organophosphate and its ability to transovarial transmit degue virus in Kendari City, South East Sulawesi. This was a observational study using cross-sectional design conducted in high endemic areas (Kadia Village) and low endemic areas (Kambu Village). Susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larvae from F1’s egg generation was evaluated by biochemic assay, whereas the transovarial transmission of dengue virus...

Introduction : Aedes aegypti is one of the major vectors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that c... more Introduction : Aedes aegypti is one of the major vectors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that can be reared in laboratory. Artificial membrane feeding (AMF) assay is used as a simulated host to blood feeding mosquitoes in laboratory. Objective s : The purpose of this study are to investigate the effect of heater and the most widely used anticoagulant of K 3 EDTA, heparin and sodium citrate on blood feeding sucsses, feeding rate, fecundity, hatchability, preadult development and survival rate of Ae des Aegypti colonies maintained by AMF system compared to direct human feeding. Methods : The system consisted of AMF with parafilm membrane which are warmed and not warmed by a waterbath. Human blood samples were used to feed Ae des aegypti using AMF. The number of eggs were counted seven days after feeding after mosquitoes laid the eggs. Every eggs were hatched in a 500 mL of rearing glass to evaluate the hatchability and preadult development. Survival rate is evaluated after blood fee...