Mubashra Gondal | Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan (original) (raw)
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Papers by Mubashra Gondal
Cultural heritage of subcontinent covers a variety of tangible and intangible cultural attributes... more Cultural heritage of subcontinent covers a variety of tangible and intangible cultural attributes. A cherished culture gives a sense of pride and identity to the present as well as future generations of the country. Subcontinent is a land of magnificent architectural monuments, art and archives, names and nomenclature, fiction and literary works. Partition of Subcontinent in 1947 due to atrocious British Rule left bloody marks on cultural heritage of subcontinent as it caused mass migration and annihilated victims of partition and cultural assets across the borders. These pains of partition have been reflected in language and literature of both countries. After partition, governments and people of diverse communities did not pay much heed to respect and safeguard the cultural heritage of each other. Religious and communal disharmony left striking marks on cultural homogeneity among different segments of society after partition in the subcontinent. Present study is highly significant as it will come up with the best possible outcomes for preservation of cultural heritage in the subcontinent especially by eliminating the scares of religious antagonism and communal riots caused by the process of partition. The study has followed the exploratory and qualitative methodology for the research.
Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, desp... more Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, despite years of reprisal and persecution in the Soviet Union by the Czar Russian policies, communist designs, and repressive policies under Lenin, Stalin, Gorbachev Islam has managed to preserve its spirit as a way of life that culturally defined every facet of the believer's existence. This was especially true of Islamic lifestyle rituals including, fasting, feasting, pilgrimages, polygamy, and the handing out of alms. In retrospect, the Soviet campaign against Islam had proved to be only partially successful. It managed to curb Islamic activity and perhaps contained Islamic sentiments in the region but it was far from eradicating the Islamic faith. Now Muslims enjoy freedom in practicing their religious obligations in Russia as protected and accommodated by the state constitutionally and legally. Islam is enjoying rebirth and revival in Russia with multiple impacts on Muslims in Russian society. This study will try to explore socio-demographic facts about the Muslim population in Russia, constitutional and legal protection to religious freedom of Muslims in Russia, Islamic revivalist movements, and their impacts on the Muslim community in Russia.
Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is primarily aimed at strategic interconnectedness of Asia... more Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is primarily aimed at strategic interconnectedness of Asia, Europe and Africa and regional economic connectivity in South Asia, East, West and Central Asia by maintaining connection among partner countries in highly interconnected globalised World. Pakistan's integration into BRI through CPEC can play a vital role in terms of regional economic and political development encompassing variety of opportunities for Pakistan. This Chinese initiative will diffuse geopolitical rivalries, giving leverage to geo-economics over geo-politics in South Asian region. BRI also poses multiple and critical geo-strategic challenges for the region especially for Pakistan. The objectives of the study are to explore the possible outcomes of Belt and Road Initiative, Prospects of regional economic developments, Challenges and Opportunities for the region especially for Pakistan. The study brings out the emerging trends concerning primacy of the geo-economics over geopolitics albeit in the nascent stage amid CPEC. The challenges likely to be faced by Pakistan by these developments would equally present numerous opportunities. These, if capitalised through prudent policies and execution would enhance strategic relevance of Pakistan among comity of nations. The paper attempts to proffer relevant policy level recommendations for the implementation.
Islamic Revivalism in Russia: Impacts on Russian Muslim Community, 2024
Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, desp... more Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, despite years of reprisal and persecution in the Soviet Union by the Czar Russian policies, communist designs, and repressive policies under Lenin, Stalin, Gorbachev Islam has managed to preserve its spirit as a way of life that culturally defined every facet of the believer's existence. This was especially true of Islamic lifestyle rituals including, fasting, feasting, pilgrimages, polygamy, and the handing out of alms. In retrospect, the Soviet campaign against Islam had proved to be only partially successful. It managed to curb Islamic activity and perhaps contained Islamic sentiments in the region but it was far from eradicating the Islamic faith. Now Muslims enjoy freedom in practicing their religious obligations in Russia as protected and accommodated by the state constitutionally and legally. Islam is enjoying rebirth and revival in Russia with multiple impacts on Muslims in Russian society. This study will try to explore socio-demographic facts about the Muslim population in Russia, constitutional and legal protection to religious freedom of Muslims in Russia, Islamic revivalist movements, and their impacts on the Muslim community in Russia.
The conflict in the South China Sea (SCS) is a complex imbroglio, spanning several territorial an... more The conflict in the South China Sea (SCS) is a complex imbroglio, spanning several territorial and maritime claims and involving two major island groups, the Paracels and the Spratlys. It has become a major source of geopolitical competition between the United States and China. The overall objective of this study is to understand China's policy of land reclamation and its assertive behaviour in the South China Sea, which lies between the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Over half of global commerce passes through these waterways, which host a great deal of marine life and hydrocarbon deposits. China's landfilling and islandbuilding strategy in the South China Sea is motivated by its goal of controlling all these riches as well as the routes through the SCS. This would raise China to the pinnacle of world power status, thus allowing it to threaten the dominance of the United States. The study also examines China's modernization plans and the United States' quest for supremacy through the lens of realists. While using the qualitative method of analysis, the study examines China's Nine-Dash Line claims and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), UNCLOS, and US-China divergence over international law considerations, and how tensions in the South China Sea can be reduced.
Cultural heritage of subcontinent covers a variety of tangible and intangible cultural attributes... more Cultural heritage of subcontinent covers a variety of tangible and intangible cultural attributes. A cherished culture gives a sense of pride and identity to the present as well as future generations of the country. Subcontinent is a land of magnificent architectural monuments, art and archives, names and nomenclature, fiction and literary works. Partition of Subcontinent in 1947 due to atrocious British Rule left bloody marks on cultural heritage of subcontinent as it caused mass migration and annihilated victims of partition and cultural assets across the borders. These pains of partition have been reflected in language and literature of both countries. After partition, governments and people of diverse communities did not pay much heed to respect and safeguard the cultural heritage of each other. Religious and communal disharmony left striking marks on cultural homogeneity among different segments of society after partition in the subcontinent. Present study is highly significant as it will come up with the best possible outcomes for preservation of cultural heritage in the subcontinent especially by eliminating the scares of religious antagonism and communal riots caused by the process of partition. The study has followed the exploratory and qualitative methodology for the research.
Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, desp... more Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, despite years of reprisal and persecution in the Soviet Union by the Czar Russian policies, communist designs, and repressive policies under Lenin, Stalin, Gorbachev Islam has managed to preserve its spirit as a way of life that culturally defined every facet of the believer's existence. This was especially true of Islamic lifestyle rituals including, fasting, feasting, pilgrimages, polygamy, and the handing out of alms. In retrospect, the Soviet campaign against Islam had proved to be only partially successful. It managed to curb Islamic activity and perhaps contained Islamic sentiments in the region but it was far from eradicating the Islamic faith. Now Muslims enjoy freedom in practicing their religious obligations in Russia as protected and accommodated by the state constitutionally and legally. Islam is enjoying rebirth and revival in Russia with multiple impacts on Muslims in Russian society. This study will try to explore socio-demographic facts about the Muslim population in Russia, constitutional and legal protection to religious freedom of Muslims in Russia, Islamic revivalist movements, and their impacts on the Muslim community in Russia.
Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is primarily aimed at strategic interconnectedness of Asia... more Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is primarily aimed at strategic interconnectedness of Asia, Europe and Africa and regional economic connectivity in South Asia, East, West and Central Asia by maintaining connection among partner countries in highly interconnected globalised World. Pakistan's integration into BRI through CPEC can play a vital role in terms of regional economic and political development encompassing variety of opportunities for Pakistan. This Chinese initiative will diffuse geopolitical rivalries, giving leverage to geo-economics over geo-politics in South Asian region. BRI also poses multiple and critical geo-strategic challenges for the region especially for Pakistan. The objectives of the study are to explore the possible outcomes of Belt and Road Initiative, Prospects of regional economic developments, Challenges and Opportunities for the region especially for Pakistan. The study brings out the emerging trends concerning primacy of the geo-economics over geopolitics albeit in the nascent stage amid CPEC. The challenges likely to be faced by Pakistan by these developments would equally present numerous opportunities. These, if capitalised through prudent policies and execution would enhance strategic relevance of Pakistan among comity of nations. The paper attempts to proffer relevant policy level recommendations for the implementation.
Islamic Revivalism in Russia: Impacts on Russian Muslim Community, 2024
Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, desp... more Islam has been a greatly professed religion in the Soviet Union for many centuries. However, despite years of reprisal and persecution in the Soviet Union by the Czar Russian policies, communist designs, and repressive policies under Lenin, Stalin, Gorbachev Islam has managed to preserve its spirit as a way of life that culturally defined every facet of the believer's existence. This was especially true of Islamic lifestyle rituals including, fasting, feasting, pilgrimages, polygamy, and the handing out of alms. In retrospect, the Soviet campaign against Islam had proved to be only partially successful. It managed to curb Islamic activity and perhaps contained Islamic sentiments in the region but it was far from eradicating the Islamic faith. Now Muslims enjoy freedom in practicing their religious obligations in Russia as protected and accommodated by the state constitutionally and legally. Islam is enjoying rebirth and revival in Russia with multiple impacts on Muslims in Russian society. This study will try to explore socio-demographic facts about the Muslim population in Russia, constitutional and legal protection to religious freedom of Muslims in Russia, Islamic revivalist movements, and their impacts on the Muslim community in Russia.
The conflict in the South China Sea (SCS) is a complex imbroglio, spanning several territorial an... more The conflict in the South China Sea (SCS) is a complex imbroglio, spanning several territorial and maritime claims and involving two major island groups, the Paracels and the Spratlys. It has become a major source of geopolitical competition between the United States and China. The overall objective of this study is to understand China's policy of land reclamation and its assertive behaviour in the South China Sea, which lies between the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Over half of global commerce passes through these waterways, which host a great deal of marine life and hydrocarbon deposits. China's landfilling and islandbuilding strategy in the South China Sea is motivated by its goal of controlling all these riches as well as the routes through the SCS. This would raise China to the pinnacle of world power status, thus allowing it to threaten the dominance of the United States. The study also examines China's modernization plans and the United States' quest for supremacy through the lens of realists. While using the qualitative method of analysis, the study examines China's Nine-Dash Line claims and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), UNCLOS, and US-China divergence over international law considerations, and how tensions in the South China Sea can be reduced.