Shakeel Shahdad | Queen Mary, University of London (original) (raw)

Papers by Shakeel Shahdad

Clinical oral implants research, May 31, 2024

British dental journal, May 24, 2024

Journal of Oral Implantology, Mar 3, 2020

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Dec 7, 2022

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evi... more Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence on patient-reported aesthetic outcome measures (PROMs) of implant-supported, relative to tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses. Material and Methods: In April 2017, two reviewers independently searched the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases, focusing on studies including patient-reported aesthetic outcomes of implant-and tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Human studies with a mean follow-up period of at least 1 year, a minimum of ten patients, and English, German, or French publication were included. For the comparison of subgroups, random-effects meta-regression for aggregate-level data was used. Results: The systematic search for implant-supported prostheses focusing on patientreported outcomes identified 2,675 titles, which were screened by two independent authors. Fifty full-text articles were analyzed, and finally, 16 publications (including 19 relevant study cohorts) were included. For tooth-supported prostheses, no studies could be included. A total of 816 implant-supported reconstructions were analyzed by patients. Overall aesthetic evaluation by the patients' visual analogue scale (VAS) rating was high in implant-supported FDPs (median: 90.3; min-max: 80.0-94.0) and the surrounding mucosa (median: 84.7; min-max: 73.0-92.0). Individual restorative materials, implant neck design (i.e., tissue or bone level type implants), and the use of a fixed provisional had no effect on patients' ratings of the definitive implant-supported FDPs. Conclusions: Aesthetics is an important patient-reported measure, which lacks in standardized methods; however, patients' satisfaction was high for implantsupported FDPs and the surrounding mucosa.

Clinical Oral Implants Research, Sep 24, 2022

ObjectivesCrestal bone formation represents a crucial aspect of the esthetic and biological succe... more ObjectivesCrestal bone formation represents a crucial aspect of the esthetic and biological success of dental implants. This controlled preclinical study analyzed the effect of implant surface and implant geometry on de novo crestal bone formation and osseointegration.Materials and methodsHistological and histomorphometrical analysis was performed to compare three implant groups, that is, (1) a novel, commercially available, gradient anodized implant, (2) a custom‐made geometric replica of implant “1,” displaying a superhydrophilic micro‐rough large‐grit sandblasted and acid‐etched surface, and (3) a commercially available implant, having the same surface as “2” but a different implant geometry. The study applied a standardized buccal acute‐type dehiscence model in minipigs with observation periods of 2 and 8 weeks of healing.ResultsThe amount of newly formed crestal bone (BATA) around control groups (2) and (3) was significantly increased when compared to the test group (1) at the 8 weeks of healing time point. Similar results were obtained for all parameters related to osseointegration and direct bone apposition, to the implant surface (dBIC, VBC, and fBIC), demonstrating superior osseointegration of the moderately rough, compared to the gradient anodized functionalization. After 2 weeks, the osseointegration (nBIC) was found to be influenced by implant geometry with group (3) outperforming groups (1) and (2) on this parameter. At 8 weeks, nBIC was significantly higher for groups (2) and (3) compared to (1).ConclusionsThe extent (BATA) of de novo crestal bone formation in the acute‐type dehiscence defects was primarily influenced by implant surface characteristics and their ability to promote osseointegration and direct bone apposition. Osseointegration (nBIC) of the apical part was found to be influenced by a combination of surface characteristics and implant geometry. For early healing, implant geometry may have a more pronounced effect on facilitating osseointegration, relative to the specific surface characteristics.

Dental update, Apr 2, 2016

This article considers a possible solution to prevent or manage spontaneous alveolar bone growth ... more This article considers a possible solution to prevent or manage spontaneous alveolar bone growth in ankylosed, infraoccluded teeth in adolescents after elective decoronation, allowing replacement resorption to take place, preserving the surrounding alveolar bone and enabling vertical bone development coronal to the decoronated segment. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the advantages of decoronation allowing subsequent replacement of infraoccluded ankylosed teeth with implant-retained restorations and minimal aesthetic compromise. Dent Update 2016; 43: 206-210 Case description Case 1 A 17-year-old male suffered avulsion of his UL1 at the age of 13. Following replantation, the tooth was discoloured and infraoccluded with compromised aesthetics (Figure 1a−k).

British Dental Journal, Nov 12, 2020

generating procedures (AGPs), limiting the capacity for the provision of dental care. Notwithstan... more generating procedures (AGPs), limiting the capacity for the provision of dental care. Notwithstanding this, there has been little consistency in the definition of an AGP, recommendation concerning PPE levels or

Journal of Dentistry, Nov 1, 1998

The objectives of this study were to investigate the repair potential of two commercially availab... more The objectives of this study were to investigate the repair potential of two commercially available composite resins in terms of bond strength, and the effectiveness of two commercially available adhesive systems used as intermediary materials in the repaired specimens. The repair strength of Helio Progress (HP) and Herculite XRV (XRV) was tested using two bonding agents: DenTASTIC (DT) and All Bond 2 (AB2). The effect of surface abrasion of specimens and the effect of time on repair strength were also investigated. Surface abrasion significantly improved the bond strength (P < 0.001) and the use of bonding agents further enhanced bond strength but not significantly. Use of bonding agents alone improved the repair bond strength significantly (P < 0.001). Repair of HP with HP after surface abrasion and application of DT produced the highest repair bond strength which was 99% of the cohesive strength of the control (unrepaired) specimens. Although there were some differences in the bond strength over the time period of the study (one month) none of these was statistically significant. It is concluded that surface abrasion coupled with the application of bonding agent produces the highest repair strength. It seems likely that clinically acceptable bond strengths are possible after repair of anterior composite resins.

Surgeon-journal of The Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland, 2021

During the pandemic healthcare faced great pressure on the availability of protective equipment. ... more During the pandemic healthcare faced great pressure on the availability of protective equipment. This paper describes the entire novel innovative process of design optimisation, production and deployment of face-visors to NHS frontline workers during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The described innovative journey spans collaboration between clinicians and academic colleagues for design to the implementation with industry partners of a facevisor for use in a healthcare setting. It identifies the enablers and barriers to development along with the strategies employed to produce a certified reusable, adjustable, high volume and locally produced face-visor. The article also explores aspects of value, scalability, spread and sustainability all of which are essential features of innovation.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, May 5, 2007

The effect of various food-simulating solvents on the hardness of denture teeth after varying sto... more The effect of various food-simulating solvents on the hardness of denture teeth after varying storage times, using a Martens hardness test was determined. Martens hardness (HM) was assessed at baseline and during storage up to 1 month in distilled water (DW), peppermint oil (PO), heptane (HT) and 75% ethanol (ET) for four commerciallyavailable denture teeth; Vivodent (VIV), Double-crosslinked Postaris (DCL), Orthosit (ORT), Candulor porcelain (POR) and two polymer based experimental denture teeth: Experimental 1 (EXP1); a hybrid nanocomposite with two different sized silanated filler particles and Experimental 2 (EXP2); containing an organic copolymer based upon urethanedimethacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate. Hardness [mean (sd)] at baseline was: VIV 142 (1), DCL 142 (1), ORT 209 (9), POR 2926 (101), EXP1 285 (11), and EXP2 146 (12). One-way ANOVA using Tukey's test on polymerbased materials showed that the hardness values of ORT and EXP1 were significantly higher than those of VIV, DCL and EXP2 (P < 0.05). Moreover, EXP1 had a significantly higher hardness value than ORT (P < 0.05). Except for EXP1, all polymer based materials showed a significant drop in hardness after storage in ET (P < 0.05). Specimens stored in water, heptane and peppermint oil showed minor fluctuations in hardness, which were not statistically significant.

PubMed, May 26, 2023

Purpose: To investigate the association between the orofacial implant position distance (ID) and ... more Purpose: To investigate the association between the orofacial implant position distance (ID) and facial bone crest thickness (FBCT) in single-tooth implant crowns (STICs) placed in the esthetic zone and to predict the presence of facial bone above the implant shoulder, as well as its impact on Pink and White Esthetic Scores (PES and WES) and patient-related outcome measures (PROMs). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients treated with STICs in the esthetic zone between 2006 and 2013 with at least 12 months postloading were invited to enroll. CBCTs were used to assess ID and FBCT. Esthetic outcomes included the PES and WES. PROMs included a participant satisfaction questionnaire with 13 questions formulated for this study. Descriptive statistics and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used. The associations between ID, FBCT, esthetic outcomes, and PROMs were calculated. Results: Data were available for 60 implants. Mean ID was 2.02 mm (SD = 0.77). Mean FBCT at the implant shoulder was 0.99 mm (SD = 0.98). FBCT was significantly associated with higher PES scores (P = .040), but not with WES scores (P = 0.149). FBCT was significantly associated with ID (P = .009), and implants positioned ≥ 1.6 mm palatal in relation to the adjacent teeth were likely to have higher FBCT. Conclusions: FBCT influences PES and is more predictable if implants are positioned ≥ 1.6 mm palatal in relation to the adjacent teeth.

International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2021

Purpose: To assess whether implant-retained prostheses produced with a laser-sintering technique ... more Purpose: To assess whether implant-retained prostheses produced with a laser-sintering technique present accuracy and passive fit comparable to their milled counterparts. Materials and Methods: Two Regular Neck Straumann analogs were placed in a block of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) at 15 mm of distance and parallel to one another. The PMMA block was then scanned, and two groups of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) screw-retained, three-unit implant prostheses were fabricated using milling (control) and laser sintering (test) This peer-reviewed, accepted manuscript will undergo final editing and production prior to publication in IJP.

Journal of Prosthodontics, Jun 19, 2015

The article is associated with the American College of Prosthodontists' journal-based continuing ... more The article is associated with the American College of Prosthodontists' journal-based continuing education program. It is accompanied by an online continuing education activity worth 1 credit. Please visit www.wileyhealthlearning.com/jopr to complete the activity and earn credit.

Journal of Dental Research, 2003

Implant Dentistry, Dec 1, 2018

Oxford University Press eBooks, Apr 1, 2021

Saliva contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic molecules, enabling it to play many ro... more Saliva contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic molecules, enabling it to play many roles within the oral cavity, including lubrication, protection of the mucosa and maintenance of dental hard tissues, antibacterial activity, digestion, and taste perception. Hyposalivation in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients leads to dry mouth, rampant dental caries, increased risk of oral infections, difficulty in speaking and swallowing food, and dysgeusia (altered taste perception). SS patients have higher rates of decayed, missing, and filled teeth and increased rates of edentulousness. Rehabilitation with dental prosthesis for these patients can be problematic, as this can increase the risk of plaque stagnation and further dental disease, leading to failure of treatment. Saliva is pivotal in retention of certain types of dental prosthesis and protection of mucosal damage. SS patients may benefit from implant-retained prosthesis. In this chapter dental disease in SS patients and appropriate management are discussed.

Dental update, Dec 2, 2014

Patients who suffer dento-alveolar trauma present a unique challenge for the dentist. There are n... more Patients who suffer dento-alveolar trauma present a unique challenge for the dentist. There are numerous options to consider when attempting to restore the dentition. This article reviews the role of dental implants in replacing lost or damaged teeth. It also describes some of the options available to maintain the alveolar bone between tooth removal and implant placement, as well as techniques used to recreate the deficient hard and soft tissue after a tooth has been avulsed or extracted. Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of the role of dental implants and techniques for the preservation of the hard and soft tissues will assist the clinician to reduce patient morbidity and achieve an optimal restorative result. Dent Update 2014; 41: 920-930  Ankylosis and subsequent replacement resorption; and  Long-term endodontic failure. The tooth may even have been completely avulsed and lost at the outcome. The dentist is subsequently faced with the task of planning the next most appropriate course of action. In doing so, all treatment options should be considered, such as resin-bonded or conventional bridges, removable partial dentures, dental implants and orthodontic treatment involving space closure. This two-part article will focus solely on the role of dental implants in the management of dento-alveolar trauma, including the theory and techniques used to preserve the hard and soft tissues where implant placement needs to be delayed owing to the young age of the patient. Fate of the alveolar process after tooth loss The alveolar process is dependent on the continued presence of Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in both children and adults. A 12-year review of the literature 1 indicates that 25% of school children have experienced at least one episode of dental trauma. This figure rises to 33% for permanent teeth in adults, with most injuries occurring before the age of nineteen. Management of trauma In most cases, maintaining the natural dentition is the ideal option Shakeel Shahdad, BDS, MMedSc, FDS RCS(Ed), FDS (Rest Dent

Clinical Oral Implants Research, Sep 18, 2020

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Dental update, Apr 2, 2016

This article aims to discuss the use of short dental implants in cleft patients, the construction... more This article aims to discuss the use of short dental implants in cleft patients, the construction of an implant-retained obturator and the use of a Createch milled titanium bar with three Locator overdenture attachments incorporated within the bar. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Implant-retained obturators offer a possible solution for treating patients with isolated cleft palate who are struggling with dentures due to the unfavourable soft and hard tissue profile. This paper demonstrates how to manage such patients and shows all the clinical and laboratory stages involved.

European Journal of Cancer Care, Sep 1, 2005

Double-blind, crossover study of Biotène Oralbalance and BioXtra systems as salivary substitutes ... more Double-blind, crossover study of Biotène Oralbalance and BioXtra systems as salivary substitutes in patients with postradiotherapy xerostomia This study assessed the efficacy of the Bioxtra (BX) and Biotène Oralbalance (OB) systems in the treatment of post-radiotherapy xerostomia. In a double-blind, crossover study, 20 patients with post-radiotherapy xerostomia were randomly allocated to receive either OB then BX, or vice versa, each product for 2 weeks, with a 1 week wash-out period in between. Subject-based dry mouth scores derived from 100-mm visual analogue scales were recorded at days 0 and 14 of each 2-week period, together with subjective perception of changes in dry mouth symptoms. Both treatments were effective, resulting in reduction of visual analogue scale scores from day 0-14. Between-groups comparisons identified that BX achieved significantly better improvements compared with OB for the perception of dry mouth and improvements in speech and was also rated as more pleasant to use than OB (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both treatments were effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-radiotherapy xerostomia, although BX achieved superiority in some of the outcomes assessed compared with OB.

Clinical oral implants research, May 31, 2024

British dental journal, May 24, 2024

Journal of Oral Implantology, Mar 3, 2020

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Dec 7, 2022

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evi... more Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence on patient-reported aesthetic outcome measures (PROMs) of implant-supported, relative to tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses. Material and Methods: In April 2017, two reviewers independently searched the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases, focusing on studies including patient-reported aesthetic outcomes of implant-and tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Human studies with a mean follow-up period of at least 1 year, a minimum of ten patients, and English, German, or French publication were included. For the comparison of subgroups, random-effects meta-regression for aggregate-level data was used. Results: The systematic search for implant-supported prostheses focusing on patientreported outcomes identified 2,675 titles, which were screened by two independent authors. Fifty full-text articles were analyzed, and finally, 16 publications (including 19 relevant study cohorts) were included. For tooth-supported prostheses, no studies could be included. A total of 816 implant-supported reconstructions were analyzed by patients. Overall aesthetic evaluation by the patients' visual analogue scale (VAS) rating was high in implant-supported FDPs (median: 90.3; min-max: 80.0-94.0) and the surrounding mucosa (median: 84.7; min-max: 73.0-92.0). Individual restorative materials, implant neck design (i.e., tissue or bone level type implants), and the use of a fixed provisional had no effect on patients' ratings of the definitive implant-supported FDPs. Conclusions: Aesthetics is an important patient-reported measure, which lacks in standardized methods; however, patients' satisfaction was high for implantsupported FDPs and the surrounding mucosa.

Clinical Oral Implants Research, Sep 24, 2022

ObjectivesCrestal bone formation represents a crucial aspect of the esthetic and biological succe... more ObjectivesCrestal bone formation represents a crucial aspect of the esthetic and biological success of dental implants. This controlled preclinical study analyzed the effect of implant surface and implant geometry on de novo crestal bone formation and osseointegration.Materials and methodsHistological and histomorphometrical analysis was performed to compare three implant groups, that is, (1) a novel, commercially available, gradient anodized implant, (2) a custom‐made geometric replica of implant “1,” displaying a superhydrophilic micro‐rough large‐grit sandblasted and acid‐etched surface, and (3) a commercially available implant, having the same surface as “2” but a different implant geometry. The study applied a standardized buccal acute‐type dehiscence model in minipigs with observation periods of 2 and 8 weeks of healing.ResultsThe amount of newly formed crestal bone (BATA) around control groups (2) and (3) was significantly increased when compared to the test group (1) at the 8 weeks of healing time point. Similar results were obtained for all parameters related to osseointegration and direct bone apposition, to the implant surface (dBIC, VBC, and fBIC), demonstrating superior osseointegration of the moderately rough, compared to the gradient anodized functionalization. After 2 weeks, the osseointegration (nBIC) was found to be influenced by implant geometry with group (3) outperforming groups (1) and (2) on this parameter. At 8 weeks, nBIC was significantly higher for groups (2) and (3) compared to (1).ConclusionsThe extent (BATA) of de novo crestal bone formation in the acute‐type dehiscence defects was primarily influenced by implant surface characteristics and their ability to promote osseointegration and direct bone apposition. Osseointegration (nBIC) of the apical part was found to be influenced by a combination of surface characteristics and implant geometry. For early healing, implant geometry may have a more pronounced effect on facilitating osseointegration, relative to the specific surface characteristics.

Dental update, Apr 2, 2016

This article considers a possible solution to prevent or manage spontaneous alveolar bone growth ... more This article considers a possible solution to prevent or manage spontaneous alveolar bone growth in ankylosed, infraoccluded teeth in adolescents after elective decoronation, allowing replacement resorption to take place, preserving the surrounding alveolar bone and enabling vertical bone development coronal to the decoronated segment. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the advantages of decoronation allowing subsequent replacement of infraoccluded ankylosed teeth with implant-retained restorations and minimal aesthetic compromise. Dent Update 2016; 43: 206-210 Case description Case 1 A 17-year-old male suffered avulsion of his UL1 at the age of 13. Following replantation, the tooth was discoloured and infraoccluded with compromised aesthetics (Figure 1a−k).

British Dental Journal, Nov 12, 2020

generating procedures (AGPs), limiting the capacity for the provision of dental care. Notwithstan... more generating procedures (AGPs), limiting the capacity for the provision of dental care. Notwithstanding this, there has been little consistency in the definition of an AGP, recommendation concerning PPE levels or

Journal of Dentistry, Nov 1, 1998

The objectives of this study were to investigate the repair potential of two commercially availab... more The objectives of this study were to investigate the repair potential of two commercially available composite resins in terms of bond strength, and the effectiveness of two commercially available adhesive systems used as intermediary materials in the repaired specimens. The repair strength of Helio Progress (HP) and Herculite XRV (XRV) was tested using two bonding agents: DenTASTIC (DT) and All Bond 2 (AB2). The effect of surface abrasion of specimens and the effect of time on repair strength were also investigated. Surface abrasion significantly improved the bond strength (P &lt; 0.001) and the use of bonding agents further enhanced bond strength but not significantly. Use of bonding agents alone improved the repair bond strength significantly (P &lt; 0.001). Repair of HP with HP after surface abrasion and application of DT produced the highest repair bond strength which was 99% of the cohesive strength of the control (unrepaired) specimens. Although there were some differences in the bond strength over the time period of the study (one month) none of these was statistically significant. It is concluded that surface abrasion coupled with the application of bonding agent produces the highest repair strength. It seems likely that clinically acceptable bond strengths are possible after repair of anterior composite resins.

Surgeon-journal of The Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland, 2021

During the pandemic healthcare faced great pressure on the availability of protective equipment. ... more During the pandemic healthcare faced great pressure on the availability of protective equipment. This paper describes the entire novel innovative process of design optimisation, production and deployment of face-visors to NHS frontline workers during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The described innovative journey spans collaboration between clinicians and academic colleagues for design to the implementation with industry partners of a facevisor for use in a healthcare setting. It identifies the enablers and barriers to development along with the strategies employed to produce a certified reusable, adjustable, high volume and locally produced face-visor. The article also explores aspects of value, scalability, spread and sustainability all of which are essential features of innovation.

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, May 5, 2007

The effect of various food-simulating solvents on the hardness of denture teeth after varying sto... more The effect of various food-simulating solvents on the hardness of denture teeth after varying storage times, using a Martens hardness test was determined. Martens hardness (HM) was assessed at baseline and during storage up to 1 month in distilled water (DW), peppermint oil (PO), heptane (HT) and 75% ethanol (ET) for four commerciallyavailable denture teeth; Vivodent (VIV), Double-crosslinked Postaris (DCL), Orthosit (ORT), Candulor porcelain (POR) and two polymer based experimental denture teeth: Experimental 1 (EXP1); a hybrid nanocomposite with two different sized silanated filler particles and Experimental 2 (EXP2); containing an organic copolymer based upon urethanedimethacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate. Hardness [mean (sd)] at baseline was: VIV 142 (1), DCL 142 (1), ORT 209 (9), POR 2926 (101), EXP1 285 (11), and EXP2 146 (12). One-way ANOVA using Tukey's test on polymerbased materials showed that the hardness values of ORT and EXP1 were significantly higher than those of VIV, DCL and EXP2 (P < 0.05). Moreover, EXP1 had a significantly higher hardness value than ORT (P < 0.05). Except for EXP1, all polymer based materials showed a significant drop in hardness after storage in ET (P < 0.05). Specimens stored in water, heptane and peppermint oil showed minor fluctuations in hardness, which were not statistically significant.

PubMed, May 26, 2023

Purpose: To investigate the association between the orofacial implant position distance (ID) and ... more Purpose: To investigate the association between the orofacial implant position distance (ID) and facial bone crest thickness (FBCT) in single-tooth implant crowns (STICs) placed in the esthetic zone and to predict the presence of facial bone above the implant shoulder, as well as its impact on Pink and White Esthetic Scores (PES and WES) and patient-related outcome measures (PROMs). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients treated with STICs in the esthetic zone between 2006 and 2013 with at least 12 months postloading were invited to enroll. CBCTs were used to assess ID and FBCT. Esthetic outcomes included the PES and WES. PROMs included a participant satisfaction questionnaire with 13 questions formulated for this study. Descriptive statistics and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used. The associations between ID, FBCT, esthetic outcomes, and PROMs were calculated. Results: Data were available for 60 implants. Mean ID was 2.02 mm (SD = 0.77). Mean FBCT at the implant shoulder was 0.99 mm (SD = 0.98). FBCT was significantly associated with higher PES scores (P = .040), but not with WES scores (P = 0.149). FBCT was significantly associated with ID (P = .009), and implants positioned ≥ 1.6 mm palatal in relation to the adjacent teeth were likely to have higher FBCT. Conclusions: FBCT influences PES and is more predictable if implants are positioned ≥ 1.6 mm palatal in relation to the adjacent teeth.

International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2021

Purpose: To assess whether implant-retained prostheses produced with a laser-sintering technique ... more Purpose: To assess whether implant-retained prostheses produced with a laser-sintering technique present accuracy and passive fit comparable to their milled counterparts. Materials and Methods: Two Regular Neck Straumann analogs were placed in a block of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) at 15 mm of distance and parallel to one another. The PMMA block was then scanned, and two groups of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) screw-retained, three-unit implant prostheses were fabricated using milling (control) and laser sintering (test) This peer-reviewed, accepted manuscript will undergo final editing and production prior to publication in IJP.

Journal of Prosthodontics, Jun 19, 2015

The article is associated with the American College of Prosthodontists' journal-based continuing ... more The article is associated with the American College of Prosthodontists' journal-based continuing education program. It is accompanied by an online continuing education activity worth 1 credit. Please visit www.wileyhealthlearning.com/jopr to complete the activity and earn credit.

Journal of Dental Research, 2003

Implant Dentistry, Dec 1, 2018

Oxford University Press eBooks, Apr 1, 2021

Saliva contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic molecules, enabling it to play many ro... more Saliva contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic molecules, enabling it to play many roles within the oral cavity, including lubrication, protection of the mucosa and maintenance of dental hard tissues, antibacterial activity, digestion, and taste perception. Hyposalivation in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients leads to dry mouth, rampant dental caries, increased risk of oral infections, difficulty in speaking and swallowing food, and dysgeusia (altered taste perception). SS patients have higher rates of decayed, missing, and filled teeth and increased rates of edentulousness. Rehabilitation with dental prosthesis for these patients can be problematic, as this can increase the risk of plaque stagnation and further dental disease, leading to failure of treatment. Saliva is pivotal in retention of certain types of dental prosthesis and protection of mucosal damage. SS patients may benefit from implant-retained prosthesis. In this chapter dental disease in SS patients and appropriate management are discussed.

Dental update, Dec 2, 2014

Patients who suffer dento-alveolar trauma present a unique challenge for the dentist. There are n... more Patients who suffer dento-alveolar trauma present a unique challenge for the dentist. There are numerous options to consider when attempting to restore the dentition. This article reviews the role of dental implants in replacing lost or damaged teeth. It also describes some of the options available to maintain the alveolar bone between tooth removal and implant placement, as well as techniques used to recreate the deficient hard and soft tissue after a tooth has been avulsed or extracted. Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of the role of dental implants and techniques for the preservation of the hard and soft tissues will assist the clinician to reduce patient morbidity and achieve an optimal restorative result. Dent Update 2014; 41: 920-930  Ankylosis and subsequent replacement resorption; and  Long-term endodontic failure. The tooth may even have been completely avulsed and lost at the outcome. The dentist is subsequently faced with the task of planning the next most appropriate course of action. In doing so, all treatment options should be considered, such as resin-bonded or conventional bridges, removable partial dentures, dental implants and orthodontic treatment involving space closure. This two-part article will focus solely on the role of dental implants in the management of dento-alveolar trauma, including the theory and techniques used to preserve the hard and soft tissues where implant placement needs to be delayed owing to the young age of the patient. Fate of the alveolar process after tooth loss The alveolar process is dependent on the continued presence of Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in both children and adults. A 12-year review of the literature 1 indicates that 25% of school children have experienced at least one episode of dental trauma. This figure rises to 33% for permanent teeth in adults, with most injuries occurring before the age of nineteen. Management of trauma In most cases, maintaining the natural dentition is the ideal option Shakeel Shahdad, BDS, MMedSc, FDS RCS(Ed), FDS (Rest Dent

Clinical Oral Implants Research, Sep 18, 2020

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Dental update, Apr 2, 2016

This article aims to discuss the use of short dental implants in cleft patients, the construction... more This article aims to discuss the use of short dental implants in cleft patients, the construction of an implant-retained obturator and the use of a Createch milled titanium bar with three Locator overdenture attachments incorporated within the bar. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Implant-retained obturators offer a possible solution for treating patients with isolated cleft palate who are struggling with dentures due to the unfavourable soft and hard tissue profile. This paper demonstrates how to manage such patients and shows all the clinical and laboratory stages involved.

European Journal of Cancer Care, Sep 1, 2005

Double-blind, crossover study of Biotène Oralbalance and BioXtra systems as salivary substitutes ... more Double-blind, crossover study of Biotène Oralbalance and BioXtra systems as salivary substitutes in patients with postradiotherapy xerostomia This study assessed the efficacy of the Bioxtra (BX) and Biotène Oralbalance (OB) systems in the treatment of post-radiotherapy xerostomia. In a double-blind, crossover study, 20 patients with post-radiotherapy xerostomia were randomly allocated to receive either OB then BX, or vice versa, each product for 2 weeks, with a 1 week wash-out period in between. Subject-based dry mouth scores derived from 100-mm visual analogue scales were recorded at days 0 and 14 of each 2-week period, together with subjective perception of changes in dry mouth symptoms. Both treatments were effective, resulting in reduction of visual analogue scale scores from day 0-14. Between-groups comparisons identified that BX achieved significantly better improvements compared with OB for the perception of dry mouth and improvements in speech and was also rated as more pleasant to use than OB (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both treatments were effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-radiotherapy xerostomia, although BX achieved superiority in some of the outcomes assessed compared with OB.