Mohamed Ghonimy | Qassim University (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohamed Ghonimy

Research paper thumbnail of Power Requirements for Olive Mechanical Harvesting Using Trunk Shaker

Research Square (Research Square), Mar 29, 2024

A mathematical analysis was done to predict the power requirements of the olive trunk 16 shaker. ... more A mathematical analysis was done to predict the power requirements of the olive trunk 16 shaker. The predicted required power of the olive trunk shaker is affected by shaking 17 displacement, fruit detachment force, fruit mass, stem length, damping ratio, unbalanced mass 18 of tree shaker, and exciting shaking frequency. The Olive trunk shaker was tested in the field 19 at three attachment heights, 400, 600, and 800 mm, and six levels of olive trunk diameter: 78, 84, 101, 143, 158, and 186 mm. The results showed that the theoretical shaking power was 12.8 kW while the actual required shaking power ranged between 8.4 to 16.7 kW, with an average of 12.7 kW due to differences in tree trunk diameters and different attachment heights. Multiple regression using the least square method was used to find a statistical relation between the theoretical equation and the actual required power as a function of the clamp attachment height and the trunk diameter. The regression coefficient of the predicted equation was 91.2% for attachment height values between 400 and 800 mm and tree trunk diameter values between 78 and 186mm, and the mean absolute error of the prediction model was 0.5174 kW.

Research paper thumbnail of Mathematically Predicting the Performance Rate of Plow-Type Trenchless Machine

Turkish journal of agricultural engineering research, May 29, 2023

This research was aimed to identify the main factors that influence the performance rate of plow-... more This research was aimed to identify the main factors that influence the performance rate of plow-type trenchless machine and mathematically correlate these variables to predict performance rate. The mathematical analysis ended with an equation correlating the performance rate with the factors affecting it. The derived relationship was checked in various operational circumstances. The performance rate's practical experiments revealed that only for the 0.92 and 0.76 m disturbed soil depths, respectively, did the theoretical performance rate variation from the actual performance rate range from-3.0 to-0.7%. Also, for the 0.92 and 0.76 m disturbed soil depth, respectively, the field efficiency of plow type trenchless machine ranged from 49.7 to 45.4%. The novelty and innovativeness of this article is in the use of an analytical method to deduce a mathematical equation that can predict the performance rate; in determining the actual factors affecting the performance rate of plow type trenchless machine.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Olive Harvesting Machine by Shaking

Turkish journal of agricultural engineering research, Jun 30, 2022

Olive harvesting machine by shaking was developed and fabricated using local materials with requi... more Olive harvesting machine by shaking was developed and fabricated using local materials with required specifications. The developed elements were frame and hitch, gear assembly, input and transmission shafts, vibrating unit, connecting rod, limb clamp, and transmission system. This research work aimed to evaluate the developed olive harvester capable to perform harvesting operation in the proper time using the tractor as the available economic source of power. Measurements covered the properties of olive fruit, stem, and limb for five olive varieties: Agizi, Manzanillo, Picholine, Kalamata and Arbiquen. The developed harvester was tested at three levels of frequency; 3.3, 6.7, and 10 Hz, four levels of stroke; 40, 80, 120, and 160 mm, and three levels of shaking time 60, 120 and 180 s. Results indicated that the effective range to attach the clamp on the olive limb were 30 to 40% of limb length. The average value of the maximum bending stress affecting the limb and limb deflection were 16.5 MPa and 196.6 mm respectively. In addition, results have provided the suitability of the developed shaker to harvest olive fruit. The suitability of the developed machine was judged through the fruit removal percentage. The values of performance parameters of olive harvester were 10 Hz optimum shaking frequency, 120 mm of stroke, and 120 s of shaking time.

Research paper thumbnail of Mathematical Prediction of Excavating Force and Power of Chain Type Trenching Machine

Acta Technologica Agriculturae, Nov 1, 2022

A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and pow... more A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and power of a chain type trenching machine. The mathematical analysis showed that the excavating force and power of the chain type trenching machine are affected by tool cutting speed, tool-cutting angle, angle between cutting movement and vertical direction, trench depth and width, coefficient of friction between soil and metal, soil cohesion resistance, and soil specific weight. The results of field experiments showed that the theoretical excavating force (F tt) was lower than the actual excavating force by 4.0 kN and 3.5 kN for the 1.2 m and 1.5 m trench depth, respectively. The theoretical excavating power (P r) was lower than the actual excavating power by 3.8% and 2.8% at a trench depth of 1.2 m and 1.5 m, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Manning Roughness Coefficient for Border Irrigation System

Misr journal of agricultural engineering, Apr 1, 2011

Manning roughness coefficient "n" is one of the most important factors affecting the border irrig... more Manning roughness coefficient "n" is one of the most important factors affecting the border irrigation design. The purpose of this study is to determine the Manning roughness coefficient values "n" for border irrigation in a clay loam soil with compacted and uncompacted soil under continuous and surge flow. The determination was based on the volume balance equation in the form of a differential equation that was solved with the forward finite difference. The results indicated that, soil surface compaction had its effect on n values of the first irrigation and had not any effect for the next irrigations. For continuous flow, at first irrigation, the values of n were 0.1915 and 0.164 for un-compacted and compacted soils respectively. At the second irrigation, the n values decreased by about 44.51% and 49.82% compared to the first irrigation for compacted and un-compacted soil respectively. However, after the second irrigation, the seedling of wheat resulted on increases the n values. The minimum value, 0.083, of n was achieved at the second irrigation for surge flow. While, the maximum value, 0.25, of n was found at the seventh irrigation for continuous flow. Also, by using surge flow, the n values were decreased compared with those for continuous flow without vegetation crop or with wheat crop.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of the Suitable Amplitude of Shaking Unit for Fruit Harvesting

A mathematical analysis is provided for predicting the suitable-shaking amplitude of limb tree sh... more A mathematical analysis is provided for predicting the suitable-shaking amplitude of limb tree shaker. The derived equation correlates the pulling force to fruit mass ratio, stem length, shaking frequency and damping ratio with the shaking amplitude. The mathematical equation was experimentally checked for two citrus varieties; Valencia and Grapefruit. The practical study showed that, the derived equation could be used with enough confidence in predicting the shaking amplitude of shaking unit in mechanical harvesting of citrus fruits. The optimum fruit removal percentages without limb damage was about 97 % for both varieties. These values were obtained at 0.4- 1.2 cm amplitude and 7- 6 Hz shaking frequency.

Research paper thumbnail of Improving olive mechanical harvesting using appropriate natural frequency

Journal of agricultural engineering, Sep 29, 2020

New solar Photovoltaic (PV) installations have grown globally at a rapid pace in recent years. We... more New solar Photovoltaic (PV) installations have grown globally at a rapid pace in recent years. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the cost competitiveness of this electric power source. Based on data available for the second half of 2011, we conclude that utility-scale PV installations are not yet cost competitive with fossil fuel power plants. In contrast, commercial-scale installations have already attained cost parity in the sense that the generating cost of power from solar PV is comparable to the retail electricity prices that commercial users pay, at least in certain parts of the U.S. This conclusion is shown to depend crucially on both the current federal tax subsidies for solar power and an ideal geographic location for the solar installation. Projecting recent industry trends into the future, we estimate that utility-scale solar PV facilities are on track to become cost competitive by the end of this decade. Furthermore, commercial-scale installations could reach "grid parity" in about ten years, if the current federal tax incentives for solar power were to expire at that point.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Soil Surface Compaction Pressure and Compacting Cylinder Surface Shapes on Border Irrigation Efficiency

Misr journal of agricultural engineering, Apr 1, 2009

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cair... more A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different levels of soil surface compaction pressure (P) (15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 kPa) and compacting cylinder surface shapes (C) with protrusion spaces (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) on: the infiltration rate (IR), percentage of water losses by deep percolation (DPP), percentage of soil moisture defect (SMD), total advance time (AT), water distribution uniformity (Du), water application efficiency (Ea), the corn crop yield (Cy) and the water use efficiency (WUE). All data were collected during the summer seasons of 2004 and 2005 for corn crop. For the compacted soil surface, the values of IR, DPP, SMD and AT decreased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The values of Du and Ea increased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The best Cy and WUE were obtained at soil surface compacting (P2) 22.5 kPa, with any compaction cylinder surface shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction the Performance Rate of Chain Type Trenching Machine

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Dec 31, 2021

The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trenching machin... more The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trenching machine was studied. The mathematical analysis ended with an equation for this type. This mathematical equation was checked under different operating conditions. The practical study of the performance rate showed that the deviation of the theoretical performance rate from the actual performance rate ranged from-3.4 to +2% only for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm trench depth respectively. The machine field efficiency ranged from 46.7 to 57% for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm depth respectively. It also showed an increase in machine field efficiency by decreasing the trench depth.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Apparent Dynamic Coefficients of Friction in Processing Food Materials Under High Pressure

The apparent dynamic coefficient of friction (μdapp) for a mixture of corn grits and peanut flour... more The apparent dynamic coefficient of friction (μdapp) for a mixture of corn grits and peanut flour, corn flour, corn grits and rice grits was determined under high pressure. A friction device was developed depending on applying heavy loads ranging from 1 kgf up to 15 kgf force to act on a food materials sliding surface very close to one square centimeter, to create this demanded high pressure values. The μdapp was determined at three levels of moisture content (MC) 15, 18 and 21% and six levels of normal load (Nl) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 kg. The values of μdapp for corn flour and the mixture of corn grits and peanut flour ranged from 0.604 to 0.982. Meanwhile, the values of μdapp for corn grits, rice grits ranged from 0.423 to 0.805. Two mathematical equations were derived to predict the value of μdapp as a function of both the raw material MC and the Nl imposed it. A third mathematical equation was also developed to predict the value of μdapp as a function of raw material MC, its contents of protein, fat and carbohydrates and the Nl imposed on it. The three mathematical

Research paper thumbnail of Design and Performance Evaluation of Canola-Seed Cleaning Machine

Turkish journal of agricultural engineering research, Dec 31, 2022

Canola cleaning machine was designed depending upon the mechanical and aerodynamic separation the... more Canola cleaning machine was designed depending upon the mechanical and aerodynamic separation theories. The designed machine was tested at three levels of cylindrical sieve angle 4, 7, and 10 degree and three levels of flat sieve speed 0.62, 0.88, and 1.08 m s-1. The evaluation criteria included machine productivity (MP), cleaning efficiency (CE), percentage of seed losses (Psl), specific consumed energy (Ec), and germination percentage (Gp). The results showed that the maximum values of MP and CE were 680.14 kg h-1 and 99.85 % respectively. While the minimum value of Ec was 5.88 kW h ton-1. These values were achieved at cylindrical sieve slope angle 7 degree and flat sieve speed 0.88 m s-1. Under these working conditions, the values of MP, Ec and CE were 680.14 kg h-1 , 5.88 kWh ton-1 , and 99.85%, respectively. Thus, the designed machine can be used with enough confidence to clean the canola seeds at cylindrical sieve slope angle 7 degree and flat sieve speed 0.88 m s-1 .

Research paper thumbnail of The Elasticity Characteristics of Palm Date

Misr journal of agricultural engineering, Apr 1, 2011

The aim of this research work was to determine the physical and elasticity characteristics of dat... more The aim of this research work was to determine the physical and elasticity characteristics of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) cv Sukari. The physical characteristic included the date mass, volume, dimensions, moisture content, bulk density, flesh thickness, projected area, and elasticity of fruits, also seed mass and volume. Meanwhile, the elasticity characteristics of fruit included the stiffness coefficient (sc), bioyield stress (σb), rupture stress (σr) and Young's modulus of elasticity (E). The results showed that a good correlation was found between the sc and other properties; σb, σr and E. Also, the average values of sc, σb, σr and E were 0.017 N/mm,

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Atmosphere to Control Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. On Stored Saqie Date Fruits

Research paper thumbnail of Mathematical Prediction of Excavating Force and Power of Chain Type Trenching Machine

Acta Technologica Agriculturae

A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and pow... more A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and power of a chain type trenching machine. The mathematical analysis showed that the excavating force and power of the chain type trenching machine are affected by tool cutting speed, tool-cutting angle, angle between cutting movement and vertical direction, trench depth and width, coefficient of friction between soil and metal, soil cohesion resistance, and soil specific weight. The results of field experiments showed that the theoretical excavating force (F tt ) was lower than the actual excavating force by 4.0 kN and 3.5 kN for the 1.2 m and 1.5 m trench depth, respectively. The theoretical excavating power (P r ) was lower than the actual excavating power by 3.8% and 2.8% at a trench depth of 1.2 m and 1.5 m, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Citrus Harvesting by Vibrating Action

Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2019

Mechanical harvesting of citrus by vibrating action depends on some parameters; frequency, amplit... more Mechanical harvesting of citrus by vibrating action depends on some parameters; frequency, amplitude and shaking time. The current study aimed to determine the optimum values of citrus performance parameters. The shaking machine was operated at three levels of frequency 2, 4 & 6 Hz, three levels of amplitude 50, 55 & 60 mm and shaking time was 10 sec. The results showed that the maximum fruit removal (FR) value, 99.1 %, was achieved at a frequency of 6 Hz and an amplitude equal to 60 mm. this same frequency and amplitude also achieved the maximum,100%, degree of ripe-fruit selectivity (DS).

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Soil Surface Compaction Pressure and Compacting Cylinder Surface Shapes on Border Irrigation Efficiency

Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2009

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cair... more A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different levels of soil surface compaction pressure (P) (15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 kPa) and compacting cylinder surface shapes (C) with protrusion spaces (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) on: the infiltration rate (IR), percentage of water losses by deep percolation (DPP), percentage of soil moisture defect (SMD), total advance time (AT), water distribution uniformity (Du), water application efficiency (Ea), the corn crop yield (Cy) and the water use efficiency (WUE). All data were collected during the summer seasons of 2004 and 2005 for corn crop. For the compacted soil surface, the values of IR, DPP, SMD and AT decreased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The values of Du and Ea increased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The best Cy and WUE were obtained at soil surface compacting (P2) 22.5 kPa, with any compaction cylinder surface shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction the Performance Rate of Chain Type Trenching Machine

Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 2021

The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trench... more The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trenching machine was studied. The mathematical analysis ended with an equation for this type. This mathematical equation was checked under different operating conditions. The practical study of the performance rate showed that the deviation of the theoretical performance rate from the actual performance rate ranged from -3.4 to +2% only for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm trench depth respectively. The machine field efficiency ranged from 46.7 to 57% for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm depth respectively. It also showed an increase in machine field efficiency by decreasing the trench depth.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Pneumatic Olive Harvester

A pneumatic olive harvester was developed and evaluated in this study. The components of the deve... more A pneumatic olive harvester was developed and evaluated in this study. The components of the developed machine were the limb clamp, vibrating unit, control elements, main tube, air-pressured hoses, control valve, and power source. The measurements that related to the development of the harvester were fruit and limb damage, and some physical and mechanical properties of the olives fruit-stem system. The results demonstrated that the effectiveness of the developed machine to harvest olive fruits. The appropriateness of the developed machine was evaluated by some criteria: machine productivity, fruit removal, fruit damage, limb damage depth at the contact point with the clamp of the machine, breakage of shaken limb, and consumed energy. The suitable values of these criteria were achieved at 27 Hz frequency and 60 mm stroke.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of hand-held olive harvesters

The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pn... more The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pneumatic comb) of commonly used hand-held olive harvesters for small scale olive orchards. The evaluation criteria were harvester productivity (Pr), fruit removal percentage (FR), fruit damage (FD), specific consumed energy (SCE), and olive harvesting cost (HC). Overall evaluation criterion (OEC) was developed depending upon the relative weight of each evaluation criterion. Relative weights were arranged according to the importance of each evaluation criterion. The results showed that the highest value of the overall evaluation criterion was 84.9% for the T3P1500 treatment (pulsed motion double head olive harvester at speed of 1500 rpm). Through this condition, the values of evaluating criteria were 88.4 kg h, 98%, 6.6%, 17.0 W h kg, and 0.041 $ kg for Pr, FR, FD, SCE and HC respectively. In addition, the values of OEC of the pulsed motion double head olive harvester for the other treatme...

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of hand-held olive harvesters

AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 2021

The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pn... more The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pneumatic comb) of commonly used hand-held olive harvesters for small scale olive orchards. The evaluation criteria were harvester productivity (Pr), fruit removal percentage (FR), fruit damage (FD), specific consumed energy (SCE), and olive harvesting cost (HC). Overall evaluation criterion (OEC) was developed depending upon the relative weight of each evaluation criterion. Relative weights were arranged according to the importance of each evaluation criterion. The results showed that the highest value of the overall evaluation criterion was 84.9% for the T3P1500 treatment (pulsed motion double head olive harvester at speed of 1500 rpm). Through this condition, the values of evaluating criteria were 88.4 kg h-1 , 98%, 6.6%, 17.0 W h kg-1 , and 0.041 $ kg-1 for Pr, FR, FD, SCE and HC respectively. In addition, the values of OEC of the pulsed motion double head olive harvester for the other treatments (T1P1100 and T2P1300) outperformed the other harvesters at all treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of Power Requirements for Olive Mechanical Harvesting Using Trunk Shaker

Research Square (Research Square), Mar 29, 2024

A mathematical analysis was done to predict the power requirements of the olive trunk 16 shaker. ... more A mathematical analysis was done to predict the power requirements of the olive trunk 16 shaker. The predicted required power of the olive trunk shaker is affected by shaking 17 displacement, fruit detachment force, fruit mass, stem length, damping ratio, unbalanced mass 18 of tree shaker, and exciting shaking frequency. The Olive trunk shaker was tested in the field 19 at three attachment heights, 400, 600, and 800 mm, and six levels of olive trunk diameter: 78, 84, 101, 143, 158, and 186 mm. The results showed that the theoretical shaking power was 12.8 kW while the actual required shaking power ranged between 8.4 to 16.7 kW, with an average of 12.7 kW due to differences in tree trunk diameters and different attachment heights. Multiple regression using the least square method was used to find a statistical relation between the theoretical equation and the actual required power as a function of the clamp attachment height and the trunk diameter. The regression coefficient of the predicted equation was 91.2% for attachment height values between 400 and 800 mm and tree trunk diameter values between 78 and 186mm, and the mean absolute error of the prediction model was 0.5174 kW.

Research paper thumbnail of Mathematically Predicting the Performance Rate of Plow-Type Trenchless Machine

Turkish journal of agricultural engineering research, May 29, 2023

This research was aimed to identify the main factors that influence the performance rate of plow-... more This research was aimed to identify the main factors that influence the performance rate of plow-type trenchless machine and mathematically correlate these variables to predict performance rate. The mathematical analysis ended with an equation correlating the performance rate with the factors affecting it. The derived relationship was checked in various operational circumstances. The performance rate's practical experiments revealed that only for the 0.92 and 0.76 m disturbed soil depths, respectively, did the theoretical performance rate variation from the actual performance rate range from-3.0 to-0.7%. Also, for the 0.92 and 0.76 m disturbed soil depth, respectively, the field efficiency of plow type trenchless machine ranged from 49.7 to 45.4%. The novelty and innovativeness of this article is in the use of an analytical method to deduce a mathematical equation that can predict the performance rate; in determining the actual factors affecting the performance rate of plow type trenchless machine.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Olive Harvesting Machine by Shaking

Turkish journal of agricultural engineering research, Jun 30, 2022

Olive harvesting machine by shaking was developed and fabricated using local materials with requi... more Olive harvesting machine by shaking was developed and fabricated using local materials with required specifications. The developed elements were frame and hitch, gear assembly, input and transmission shafts, vibrating unit, connecting rod, limb clamp, and transmission system. This research work aimed to evaluate the developed olive harvester capable to perform harvesting operation in the proper time using the tractor as the available economic source of power. Measurements covered the properties of olive fruit, stem, and limb for five olive varieties: Agizi, Manzanillo, Picholine, Kalamata and Arbiquen. The developed harvester was tested at three levels of frequency; 3.3, 6.7, and 10 Hz, four levels of stroke; 40, 80, 120, and 160 mm, and three levels of shaking time 60, 120 and 180 s. Results indicated that the effective range to attach the clamp on the olive limb were 30 to 40% of limb length. The average value of the maximum bending stress affecting the limb and limb deflection were 16.5 MPa and 196.6 mm respectively. In addition, results have provided the suitability of the developed shaker to harvest olive fruit. The suitability of the developed machine was judged through the fruit removal percentage. The values of performance parameters of olive harvester were 10 Hz optimum shaking frequency, 120 mm of stroke, and 120 s of shaking time.

Research paper thumbnail of Mathematical Prediction of Excavating Force and Power of Chain Type Trenching Machine

Acta Technologica Agriculturae, Nov 1, 2022

A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and pow... more A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and power of a chain type trenching machine. The mathematical analysis showed that the excavating force and power of the chain type trenching machine are affected by tool cutting speed, tool-cutting angle, angle between cutting movement and vertical direction, trench depth and width, coefficient of friction between soil and metal, soil cohesion resistance, and soil specific weight. The results of field experiments showed that the theoretical excavating force (F tt) was lower than the actual excavating force by 4.0 kN and 3.5 kN for the 1.2 m and 1.5 m trench depth, respectively. The theoretical excavating power (P r) was lower than the actual excavating power by 3.8% and 2.8% at a trench depth of 1.2 m and 1.5 m, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Manning Roughness Coefficient for Border Irrigation System

Misr journal of agricultural engineering, Apr 1, 2011

Manning roughness coefficient "n" is one of the most important factors affecting the border irrig... more Manning roughness coefficient "n" is one of the most important factors affecting the border irrigation design. The purpose of this study is to determine the Manning roughness coefficient values "n" for border irrigation in a clay loam soil with compacted and uncompacted soil under continuous and surge flow. The determination was based on the volume balance equation in the form of a differential equation that was solved with the forward finite difference. The results indicated that, soil surface compaction had its effect on n values of the first irrigation and had not any effect for the next irrigations. For continuous flow, at first irrigation, the values of n were 0.1915 and 0.164 for un-compacted and compacted soils respectively. At the second irrigation, the n values decreased by about 44.51% and 49.82% compared to the first irrigation for compacted and un-compacted soil respectively. However, after the second irrigation, the seedling of wheat resulted on increases the n values. The minimum value, 0.083, of n was achieved at the second irrigation for surge flow. While, the maximum value, 0.25, of n was found at the seventh irrigation for continuous flow. Also, by using surge flow, the n values were decreased compared with those for continuous flow without vegetation crop or with wheat crop.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of the Suitable Amplitude of Shaking Unit for Fruit Harvesting

A mathematical analysis is provided for predicting the suitable-shaking amplitude of limb tree sh... more A mathematical analysis is provided for predicting the suitable-shaking amplitude of limb tree shaker. The derived equation correlates the pulling force to fruit mass ratio, stem length, shaking frequency and damping ratio with the shaking amplitude. The mathematical equation was experimentally checked for two citrus varieties; Valencia and Grapefruit. The practical study showed that, the derived equation could be used with enough confidence in predicting the shaking amplitude of shaking unit in mechanical harvesting of citrus fruits. The optimum fruit removal percentages without limb damage was about 97 % for both varieties. These values were obtained at 0.4- 1.2 cm amplitude and 7- 6 Hz shaking frequency.

Research paper thumbnail of Improving olive mechanical harvesting using appropriate natural frequency

Journal of agricultural engineering, Sep 29, 2020

New solar Photovoltaic (PV) installations have grown globally at a rapid pace in recent years. We... more New solar Photovoltaic (PV) installations have grown globally at a rapid pace in recent years. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the cost competitiveness of this electric power source. Based on data available for the second half of 2011, we conclude that utility-scale PV installations are not yet cost competitive with fossil fuel power plants. In contrast, commercial-scale installations have already attained cost parity in the sense that the generating cost of power from solar PV is comparable to the retail electricity prices that commercial users pay, at least in certain parts of the U.S. This conclusion is shown to depend crucially on both the current federal tax subsidies for solar power and an ideal geographic location for the solar installation. Projecting recent industry trends into the future, we estimate that utility-scale solar PV facilities are on track to become cost competitive by the end of this decade. Furthermore, commercial-scale installations could reach "grid parity" in about ten years, if the current federal tax incentives for solar power were to expire at that point.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Soil Surface Compaction Pressure and Compacting Cylinder Surface Shapes on Border Irrigation Efficiency

Misr journal of agricultural engineering, Apr 1, 2009

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cair... more A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different levels of soil surface compaction pressure (P) (15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 kPa) and compacting cylinder surface shapes (C) with protrusion spaces (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) on: the infiltration rate (IR), percentage of water losses by deep percolation (DPP), percentage of soil moisture defect (SMD), total advance time (AT), water distribution uniformity (Du), water application efficiency (Ea), the corn crop yield (Cy) and the water use efficiency (WUE). All data were collected during the summer seasons of 2004 and 2005 for corn crop. For the compacted soil surface, the values of IR, DPP, SMD and AT decreased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The values of Du and Ea increased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The best Cy and WUE were obtained at soil surface compacting (P2) 22.5 kPa, with any compaction cylinder surface shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction the Performance Rate of Chain Type Trenching Machine

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Dec 31, 2021

The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trenching machin... more The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trenching machine was studied. The mathematical analysis ended with an equation for this type. This mathematical equation was checked under different operating conditions. The practical study of the performance rate showed that the deviation of the theoretical performance rate from the actual performance rate ranged from-3.4 to +2% only for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm trench depth respectively. The machine field efficiency ranged from 46.7 to 57% for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm depth respectively. It also showed an increase in machine field efficiency by decreasing the trench depth.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Apparent Dynamic Coefficients of Friction in Processing Food Materials Under High Pressure

The apparent dynamic coefficient of friction (μdapp) for a mixture of corn grits and peanut flour... more The apparent dynamic coefficient of friction (μdapp) for a mixture of corn grits and peanut flour, corn flour, corn grits and rice grits was determined under high pressure. A friction device was developed depending on applying heavy loads ranging from 1 kgf up to 15 kgf force to act on a food materials sliding surface very close to one square centimeter, to create this demanded high pressure values. The μdapp was determined at three levels of moisture content (MC) 15, 18 and 21% and six levels of normal load (Nl) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 kg. The values of μdapp for corn flour and the mixture of corn grits and peanut flour ranged from 0.604 to 0.982. Meanwhile, the values of μdapp for corn grits, rice grits ranged from 0.423 to 0.805. Two mathematical equations were derived to predict the value of μdapp as a function of both the raw material MC and the Nl imposed it. A third mathematical equation was also developed to predict the value of μdapp as a function of raw material MC, its contents of protein, fat and carbohydrates and the Nl imposed on it. The three mathematical

Research paper thumbnail of Design and Performance Evaluation of Canola-Seed Cleaning Machine

Turkish journal of agricultural engineering research, Dec 31, 2022

Canola cleaning machine was designed depending upon the mechanical and aerodynamic separation the... more Canola cleaning machine was designed depending upon the mechanical and aerodynamic separation theories. The designed machine was tested at three levels of cylindrical sieve angle 4, 7, and 10 degree and three levels of flat sieve speed 0.62, 0.88, and 1.08 m s-1. The evaluation criteria included machine productivity (MP), cleaning efficiency (CE), percentage of seed losses (Psl), specific consumed energy (Ec), and germination percentage (Gp). The results showed that the maximum values of MP and CE were 680.14 kg h-1 and 99.85 % respectively. While the minimum value of Ec was 5.88 kW h ton-1. These values were achieved at cylindrical sieve slope angle 7 degree and flat sieve speed 0.88 m s-1. Under these working conditions, the values of MP, Ec and CE were 680.14 kg h-1 , 5.88 kWh ton-1 , and 99.85%, respectively. Thus, the designed machine can be used with enough confidence to clean the canola seeds at cylindrical sieve slope angle 7 degree and flat sieve speed 0.88 m s-1 .

Research paper thumbnail of The Elasticity Characteristics of Palm Date

Misr journal of agricultural engineering, Apr 1, 2011

The aim of this research work was to determine the physical and elasticity characteristics of dat... more The aim of this research work was to determine the physical and elasticity characteristics of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) cv Sukari. The physical characteristic included the date mass, volume, dimensions, moisture content, bulk density, flesh thickness, projected area, and elasticity of fruits, also seed mass and volume. Meanwhile, the elasticity characteristics of fruit included the stiffness coefficient (sc), bioyield stress (σb), rupture stress (σr) and Young's modulus of elasticity (E). The results showed that a good correlation was found between the sc and other properties; σb, σr and E. Also, the average values of sc, σb, σr and E were 0.017 N/mm,

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Atmosphere to Control Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. On Stored Saqie Date Fruits

Research paper thumbnail of Mathematical Prediction of Excavating Force and Power of Chain Type Trenching Machine

Acta Technologica Agriculturae

A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and pow... more A mathematical analysis was done to find out the factors that affect the excavating force and power of a chain type trenching machine. The mathematical analysis showed that the excavating force and power of the chain type trenching machine are affected by tool cutting speed, tool-cutting angle, angle between cutting movement and vertical direction, trench depth and width, coefficient of friction between soil and metal, soil cohesion resistance, and soil specific weight. The results of field experiments showed that the theoretical excavating force (F tt ) was lower than the actual excavating force by 4.0 kN and 3.5 kN for the 1.2 m and 1.5 m trench depth, respectively. The theoretical excavating power (P r ) was lower than the actual excavating power by 3.8% and 2.8% at a trench depth of 1.2 m and 1.5 m, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Citrus Harvesting by Vibrating Action

Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2019

Mechanical harvesting of citrus by vibrating action depends on some parameters; frequency, amplit... more Mechanical harvesting of citrus by vibrating action depends on some parameters; frequency, amplitude and shaking time. The current study aimed to determine the optimum values of citrus performance parameters. The shaking machine was operated at three levels of frequency 2, 4 & 6 Hz, three levels of amplitude 50, 55 & 60 mm and shaking time was 10 sec. The results showed that the maximum fruit removal (FR) value, 99.1 %, was achieved at a frequency of 6 Hz and an amplitude equal to 60 mm. this same frequency and amplitude also achieved the maximum,100%, degree of ripe-fruit selectivity (DS).

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Soil Surface Compaction Pressure and Compacting Cylinder Surface Shapes on Border Irrigation Efficiency

Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2009

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cair... more A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different levels of soil surface compaction pressure (P) (15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 kPa) and compacting cylinder surface shapes (C) with protrusion spaces (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) on: the infiltration rate (IR), percentage of water losses by deep percolation (DPP), percentage of soil moisture defect (SMD), total advance time (AT), water distribution uniformity (Du), water application efficiency (Ea), the corn crop yield (Cy) and the water use efficiency (WUE). All data were collected during the summer seasons of 2004 and 2005 for corn crop. For the compacted soil surface, the values of IR, DPP, SMD and AT decreased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The values of Du and Ea increased by increasing the soil surface compacting to 22.5 kPa and by increasing protrusion space to 15 cm. The best Cy and WUE were obtained at soil surface compacting (P2) 22.5 kPa, with any compaction cylinder surface shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction the Performance Rate of Chain Type Trenching Machine

Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 2021

The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trench... more The mathematical analysis for estimating the performance rate "RP" of chain-type trenching machine was studied. The mathematical analysis ended with an equation for this type. This mathematical equation was checked under different operating conditions. The practical study of the performance rate showed that the deviation of the theoretical performance rate from the actual performance rate ranged from -3.4 to +2% only for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm trench depth respectively. The machine field efficiency ranged from 46.7 to 57% for the 150.7 cm and 120.7 cm depth respectively. It also showed an increase in machine field efficiency by decreasing the trench depth.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Pneumatic Olive Harvester

A pneumatic olive harvester was developed and evaluated in this study. The components of the deve... more A pneumatic olive harvester was developed and evaluated in this study. The components of the developed machine were the limb clamp, vibrating unit, control elements, main tube, air-pressured hoses, control valve, and power source. The measurements that related to the development of the harvester were fruit and limb damage, and some physical and mechanical properties of the olives fruit-stem system. The results demonstrated that the effectiveness of the developed machine to harvest olive fruits. The appropriateness of the developed machine was evaluated by some criteria: machine productivity, fruit removal, fruit damage, limb damage depth at the contact point with the clamp of the machine, breakage of shaken limb, and consumed energy. The suitable values of these criteria were achieved at 27 Hz frequency and 60 mm stroke.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of hand-held olive harvesters

The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pn... more The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pneumatic comb) of commonly used hand-held olive harvesters for small scale olive orchards. The evaluation criteria were harvester productivity (Pr), fruit removal percentage (FR), fruit damage (FD), specific consumed energy (SCE), and olive harvesting cost (HC). Overall evaluation criterion (OEC) was developed depending upon the relative weight of each evaluation criterion. Relative weights were arranged according to the importance of each evaluation criterion. The results showed that the highest value of the overall evaluation criterion was 84.9% for the T3P1500 treatment (pulsed motion double head olive harvester at speed of 1500 rpm). Through this condition, the values of evaluating criteria were 88.4 kg h, 98%, 6.6%, 17.0 W h kg, and 0.041 $ kg for Pr, FR, FD, SCE and HC respectively. In addition, the values of OEC of the pulsed motion double head olive harvester for the other treatme...

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of hand-held olive harvesters

AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 2021

The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pn... more The aim of this research is to evaluate three types (pulsed motion double head, hook type, and pneumatic comb) of commonly used hand-held olive harvesters for small scale olive orchards. The evaluation criteria were harvester productivity (Pr), fruit removal percentage (FR), fruit damage (FD), specific consumed energy (SCE), and olive harvesting cost (HC). Overall evaluation criterion (OEC) was developed depending upon the relative weight of each evaluation criterion. Relative weights were arranged according to the importance of each evaluation criterion. The results showed that the highest value of the overall evaluation criterion was 84.9% for the T3P1500 treatment (pulsed motion double head olive harvester at speed of 1500 rpm). Through this condition, the values of evaluating criteria were 88.4 kg h-1 , 98%, 6.6%, 17.0 W h kg-1 , and 0.041 $ kg-1 for Pr, FR, FD, SCE and HC respectively. In addition, the values of OEC of the pulsed motion double head olive harvester for the other treatments (T1P1100 and T2P1300) outperformed the other harvesters at all treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a pneumatic olive harvester

Engenharia Agrícola, 2021

A pneumatic olive harvester was developed and evaluated in this study. The components of the deve... more A pneumatic olive harvester was developed and evaluated in this study. The components of the developed machine were the limb clamp, vibrating unit, control elements, main tube, air-pressured hoses, control valve, and power source. The measurements that related to the development of the harvester were fruit and limb damage, and some physical and mechanical properties of the olives fruit-stem system. The results demonstrated that the effectiveness of the developed machine to harvest olive fruits. The appropriateness of the developed machine was evaluated by some criteria: machine productivity, fruit removal, fruit damage, limb damage depth at the contact point with the clamp of the machine, breakage of shaken limb, and consumed energy. The suitable values of these criteria were achieved at 27 Hz frequency and 60 mm stroke.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of olives harvesting machine for smallholdings

Plant Archives , 2020

The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a hand held olive harvester suitable... more The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a hand held olive harvester suitable for smallholdings. The development elements were harvester head, extension rod, and electric motor. The developed harvester was evaluated at four levels of head rotating speed 1200, 1400, 1600 and 1800 rpm with three olive varieties (Grossay, Manzanillo and Shemlali). The evaluation criteria were machine productivity (Pm),fruit removal percentage (FRP) and fruit damage percentage (FDP).The results showed that the suitable Pm, FRP and FDP were achieved at 1600 rpm of head rotating speed. Also, it is deduced an equation to predict the suitability of the harvester to remove the olive fruit by multiplying the ratio of the fruit detachment force to fruit mass (F/m) and stem length (r) for different olive varieties.