Apollo Gomez | Queensland Museum (original) (raw)

Papers by Apollo Gomez

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance

BS13004 This project has been funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using funds fro... more BS13004 This project has been funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using funds from the Australian Government and the following sources: The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) Sweets Strawberry Runners Red Jewel Nursery Toolangi Certified Strawberry Runner Growers Cooperative Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited (Hort Innovation) makes no representations and expressly disclaims all warranties (to the extent permitted by law) about the accuracy, completeness, or currency of information in Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance. Reliance on any information provided by Hort Innovation is entirely at your own risk. Hort Innovation is not responsible for, and will not be liable for, any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost (including legal costs) or other liability arising in any way (including from Hort Innovation or any other person's negligence or otherwise) from your use or non-use of Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance, or from reliance on information contained in the material or that Hort Innovation provides to you by any other means.

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of planting material and soil fumigants on charcoal rot of strawberry in Australia

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance

Powdery mildew and leaf blotch are important diseases that affect strawberries in Australia. Both... more Powdery mildew and leaf blotch are important diseases that affect strawberries in Australia. Both diseases can reduce transplant quality in the strawberry nursery sector, and decrease yield in the fruit sector. Disease control in the strawberry nursery and fruit sectors relies on the use of the fungicides myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin. Due to the way these fungicides act against the pathogen, their repeated use in the nurseries and fruit farms increases the risk of the fungus becoming resistant to the chemicals. Resistance is when a pathogen is no longer controlled by a fungicide when used as directed. To address the risk of resistance, a series of field experiments were conducted in strawberry nurseries in Queensland and Victoria over three seasons to assess the efficacy of several fungicides, including biorationals, with different modes of action against the diseases. Biorational is a term given to products that are relatively non-toxic to humans and have a low impact on the en...

Research paper thumbnail of Control of grey mould and stem-end rot in strawberry plants growing in a subtropical environment

Australasian Plant Pathology, Sep 26, 2016

The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-en... more The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-end rot (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola) affecting strawberry plants (Fragaria ×ananassa cv. Festival) was studied in subtropical Australia over three years. The treatments involved a range of different synthetic multi-and single-site fungicides with different modes of action, a plant-defence promoter, plant extracts (lupin and rhubarb), organic acids, fatty acids, a salt, two strains of Bacillus subtilis, and single strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces lydicus and Trichoderma harzianum. Standard programs based on captan and thiram alternated, and applied with iprodione, fenhexamid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and penthiopyrad resulted in 3-4 % of unmarketable fruit compared with 25-38 % in the watertreated controls. There was no difference in the level of disease suppression when five or thirteen applications of singlesite fungicides were rotated with the two multi-site fungicides. The incidence of unmarketable fruit was similar to the standard programs using isopyrazam (in 1 year out of 2), or penthiopyrad, fluazinam, chlorothalonil or thiram alone (in 1 year out of 1). The other fungicide programs were generally less effective. There were strong relationships between marketable yield and the incidence of unmarketable fruit over the three years (R 2 s = 0.82-0.93). A strategy based on thiram and captan applied alternately, with reduced applications of singlesite fungicides is recommended and should reduce the chance of resistance to single-site fungicides becoming widespread in populations of the grey mould fungus. Although the program based on thiram alone had a similar incidence of unmarketable fruit as the standard program, repeated weekly applications of thiram are not recommended as they may cause unacceptable residues in the fruit. There were issues with some of the other fungicides due to phytotoxicity, residues, or difficulties with registering new fungicides that are in the same chemical group as currently registered products.

Research paper thumbnail of Control of grey mould and stem-end rot in strawberry plants growing in a subtropical environment

Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016

The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-en... more The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-end rot (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola) affecting strawberry plants (Fragaria ×ananassa cv. Festival) was studied in subtropical Australia over three years. The treatments involved a range of different synthetic multi-and single-site fungicides with different modes of action, a plant-defence promoter, plant extracts (lupin and rhubarb), organic acids, fatty acids, a salt, two strains of Bacillus subtilis, and single strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces lydicus and Trichoderma harzianum. Standard programs based on captan and thiram alternated, and applied with iprodione, fenhexamid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and penthiopyrad resulted in 3-4 % of unmarketable fruit compared with 25-38 % in the watertreated controls. There was no difference in the level of disease suppression when five or thirteen applications of singlesite fungicides were rotated with the two multi-site fungicides. The incidence of unmarketable fruit was similar to the standard programs using isopyrazam (in 1 year out of 2), or penthiopyrad, fluazinam, chlorothalonil or thiram alone (in 1 year out of 1). The other fungicide programs were generally less effective. There were strong relationships between marketable yield and the incidence of unmarketable fruit over the three years (R 2 s = 0.82-0.93). A strategy based on thiram and captan applied alternately, with reduced applications of singlesite fungicides is recommended and should reduce the chance of resistance to single-site fungicides becoming widespread in populations of the grey mould fungus. Although the program based on thiram alone had a similar incidence of unmarketable fruit as the standard program, repeated weekly applications of thiram are not recommended as they may cause unacceptable residues in the fruit. There were issues with some of the other fungicides due to phytotoxicity, residues, or difficulties with registering new fungicides that are in the same chemical group as currently registered products.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathogenicity studies on strawberry to identify sources of resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina

Research paper thumbnail of Protecting fungicide chemistry used in Australian strawberry production for more sustainable control of powdery mildew and leaf blotch

Acta Horticulturae, 2017

Powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera aphanis) and leaf blotch (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola... more Powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera aphanis) and leaf blotch (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola) are important diseases of strawberry in nursery and fruit production regions of Australia. Myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin and penthiopyrad are registered for control of powdery mildew in Australia, but are not restricted to either nursery or fruit production. Due to the specific mode of action of these fungicides against P. aphanis, their repeated use over the successive stages of strawberry runner and then fruit production may increase the risk of fungicide resistance in the pathogen. Currently, there is no fungicide registered for control of G. fructicola in strawberry in Australia. A series of field trials in Queensland and Victorian strawberry nurseries over two seasons (2013/14 to 2014/15) evaluated the efficacy of 19 fungicide and biorational products, applied alone or as part of a program (in combination with other products), against powdery mildew and leaf blotch. Our aim was to manage the risk of fungicide resistance by developing disease control programs specifically for use in the strawberry runner nurseries with different activity groups to the fungicides used in strawberry fruit production. Treatments were applied weekly using a knapsack sprayer starting December/January for approximately 16 weeks until prior to harvest of runners in March/April. Runners were randomly selected and rated for the incidence of powdery mildew and leaf blotch prior to harvest. Where single fungicide treatments were applied (2013/14), the field trial results identified bupirimate, cyflufenamid, quinoxyfen, proquinazid, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, as equally or more effective in controlling powdery mildew as the industry standard program of sulphur, myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin. Field trials in 2014/15 assessed spray programs that were based on sulphur in different combinations with quinoxyfen, bupirimate, cyflufenamid and/or with reduced applications of myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin. All programs were as effective against powdery mildew as the industry standard program. Azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, prochloraz, and chlorothalonil were the most effective against leaf blotch in trials in 2013/14 and 2014/15. It is anticipated that the coordinated use of different chemistries across the strawberry nursery and fruit industries will reduce the risk of fungicide resistance developing in pathogen populations, and increase the sustainability of disease protection across strawberry crops.

Research paper thumbnail of Response of Strawberry Cultivars Inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina in Australia

International Journal of Fruit Science

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot in strawberry. The pathogen has a wide host ... more ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot in strawberry. The pathogen has a wide host range, is favored by high soil temperatures, and current fumigants are not as effective as methyl bromide. Breeding strawberry cultivars resistant to M. phaseolina has become an important focus. Eleven cultivars were evaluated in a glasshouse trial for resistance to an isolate of M. phaseolina. Plants were inoculated by drenching the potting medium with a suspension of microsclerotia. Plant mortality was recorded for up to 23 weeks. Based on plant mortality and survival analyzes, ‘Albion’ was similarly susceptible as ‘Camarosa’ and a number of historical and current cultivars showed tolerance and/or resistance to the pathogen. The preliminary findings in this study can assist in the development of new strawberry genotypes against M. phaseolina.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance

BS13004 This project has been funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using funds fro... more BS13004 This project has been funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using funds from the Australian Government and the following sources: The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) Sweets Strawberry Runners Red Jewel Nursery Toolangi Certified Strawberry Runner Growers Cooperative Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited (Hort Innovation) makes no representations and expressly disclaims all warranties (to the extent permitted by law) about the accuracy, completeness, or currency of information in Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance. Reliance on any information provided by Hort Innovation is entirely at your own risk. Hort Innovation is not responsible for, and will not be liable for, any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost (including legal costs) or other liability arising in any way (including from Hort Innovation or any other person's negligence or otherwise) from your use or non-use of Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance, or from reliance on information contained in the material or that Hort Innovation provides to you by any other means.

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of planting material and soil fumigants on charcoal rot of strawberry in Australia

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated approach for control of foliar diseases in strawberry runner nurseries and management of chemical resistance

Powdery mildew and leaf blotch are important diseases that affect strawberries in Australia. Both... more Powdery mildew and leaf blotch are important diseases that affect strawberries in Australia. Both diseases can reduce transplant quality in the strawberry nursery sector, and decrease yield in the fruit sector. Disease control in the strawberry nursery and fruit sectors relies on the use of the fungicides myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin. Due to the way these fungicides act against the pathogen, their repeated use in the nurseries and fruit farms increases the risk of the fungus becoming resistant to the chemicals. Resistance is when a pathogen is no longer controlled by a fungicide when used as directed. To address the risk of resistance, a series of field experiments were conducted in strawberry nurseries in Queensland and Victoria over three seasons to assess the efficacy of several fungicides, including biorationals, with different modes of action against the diseases. Biorational is a term given to products that are relatively non-toxic to humans and have a low impact on the en...

Research paper thumbnail of Control of grey mould and stem-end rot in strawberry plants growing in a subtropical environment

Australasian Plant Pathology, Sep 26, 2016

The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-en... more The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-end rot (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola) affecting strawberry plants (Fragaria ×ananassa cv. Festival) was studied in subtropical Australia over three years. The treatments involved a range of different synthetic multi-and single-site fungicides with different modes of action, a plant-defence promoter, plant extracts (lupin and rhubarb), organic acids, fatty acids, a salt, two strains of Bacillus subtilis, and single strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces lydicus and Trichoderma harzianum. Standard programs based on captan and thiram alternated, and applied with iprodione, fenhexamid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and penthiopyrad resulted in 3-4 % of unmarketable fruit compared with 25-38 % in the watertreated controls. There was no difference in the level of disease suppression when five or thirteen applications of singlesite fungicides were rotated with the two multi-site fungicides. The incidence of unmarketable fruit was similar to the standard programs using isopyrazam (in 1 year out of 2), or penthiopyrad, fluazinam, chlorothalonil or thiram alone (in 1 year out of 1). The other fungicide programs were generally less effective. There were strong relationships between marketable yield and the incidence of unmarketable fruit over the three years (R 2 s = 0.82-0.93). A strategy based on thiram and captan applied alternately, with reduced applications of singlesite fungicides is recommended and should reduce the chance of resistance to single-site fungicides becoming widespread in populations of the grey mould fungus. Although the program based on thiram alone had a similar incidence of unmarketable fruit as the standard program, repeated weekly applications of thiram are not recommended as they may cause unacceptable residues in the fruit. There were issues with some of the other fungicides due to phytotoxicity, residues, or difficulties with registering new fungicides that are in the same chemical group as currently registered products.

Research paper thumbnail of Control of grey mould and stem-end rot in strawberry plants growing in a subtropical environment

Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016

The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-en... more The effect of different fungicide programs on grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea) and stem-end rot (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola) affecting strawberry plants (Fragaria ×ananassa cv. Festival) was studied in subtropical Australia over three years. The treatments involved a range of different synthetic multi-and single-site fungicides with different modes of action, a plant-defence promoter, plant extracts (lupin and rhubarb), organic acids, fatty acids, a salt, two strains of Bacillus subtilis, and single strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces lydicus and Trichoderma harzianum. Standard programs based on captan and thiram alternated, and applied with iprodione, fenhexamid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and penthiopyrad resulted in 3-4 % of unmarketable fruit compared with 25-38 % in the watertreated controls. There was no difference in the level of disease suppression when five or thirteen applications of singlesite fungicides were rotated with the two multi-site fungicides. The incidence of unmarketable fruit was similar to the standard programs using isopyrazam (in 1 year out of 2), or penthiopyrad, fluazinam, chlorothalonil or thiram alone (in 1 year out of 1). The other fungicide programs were generally less effective. There were strong relationships between marketable yield and the incidence of unmarketable fruit over the three years (R 2 s = 0.82-0.93). A strategy based on thiram and captan applied alternately, with reduced applications of singlesite fungicides is recommended and should reduce the chance of resistance to single-site fungicides becoming widespread in populations of the grey mould fungus. Although the program based on thiram alone had a similar incidence of unmarketable fruit as the standard program, repeated weekly applications of thiram are not recommended as they may cause unacceptable residues in the fruit. There were issues with some of the other fungicides due to phytotoxicity, residues, or difficulties with registering new fungicides that are in the same chemical group as currently registered products.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathogenicity studies on strawberry to identify sources of resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina

Research paper thumbnail of Protecting fungicide chemistry used in Australian strawberry production for more sustainable control of powdery mildew and leaf blotch

Acta Horticulturae, 2017

Powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera aphanis) and leaf blotch (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola... more Powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera aphanis) and leaf blotch (caused by Gnomoniopsis fructicola) are important diseases of strawberry in nursery and fruit production regions of Australia. Myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin and penthiopyrad are registered for control of powdery mildew in Australia, but are not restricted to either nursery or fruit production. Due to the specific mode of action of these fungicides against P. aphanis, their repeated use over the successive stages of strawberry runner and then fruit production may increase the risk of fungicide resistance in the pathogen. Currently, there is no fungicide registered for control of G. fructicola in strawberry in Australia. A series of field trials in Queensland and Victorian strawberry nurseries over two seasons (2013/14 to 2014/15) evaluated the efficacy of 19 fungicide and biorational products, applied alone or as part of a program (in combination with other products), against powdery mildew and leaf blotch. Our aim was to manage the risk of fungicide resistance by developing disease control programs specifically for use in the strawberry runner nurseries with different activity groups to the fungicides used in strawberry fruit production. Treatments were applied weekly using a knapsack sprayer starting December/January for approximately 16 weeks until prior to harvest of runners in March/April. Runners were randomly selected and rated for the incidence of powdery mildew and leaf blotch prior to harvest. Where single fungicide treatments were applied (2013/14), the field trial results identified bupirimate, cyflufenamid, quinoxyfen, proquinazid, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, as equally or more effective in controlling powdery mildew as the industry standard program of sulphur, myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin. Field trials in 2014/15 assessed spray programs that were based on sulphur in different combinations with quinoxyfen, bupirimate, cyflufenamid and/or with reduced applications of myclobutanil and trifloxystrobin. All programs were as effective against powdery mildew as the industry standard program. Azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, prochloraz, and chlorothalonil were the most effective against leaf blotch in trials in 2013/14 and 2014/15. It is anticipated that the coordinated use of different chemistries across the strawberry nursery and fruit industries will reduce the risk of fungicide resistance developing in pathogen populations, and increase the sustainability of disease protection across strawberry crops.

Research paper thumbnail of Response of Strawberry Cultivars Inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina in Australia

International Journal of Fruit Science

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot in strawberry. The pathogen has a wide host ... more ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot in strawberry. The pathogen has a wide host range, is favored by high soil temperatures, and current fumigants are not as effective as methyl bromide. Breeding strawberry cultivars resistant to M. phaseolina has become an important focus. Eleven cultivars were evaluated in a glasshouse trial for resistance to an isolate of M. phaseolina. Plants were inoculated by drenching the potting medium with a suspension of microsclerotia. Plant mortality was recorded for up to 23 weeks. Based on plant mortality and survival analyzes, ‘Albion’ was similarly susceptible as ‘Camarosa’ and a number of historical and current cultivars showed tolerance and/or resistance to the pathogen. The preliminary findings in this study can assist in the development of new strawberry genotypes against M. phaseolina.