Norrul Azmi Yahya | Queensland University of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Norrul Azmi Yahya

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2023

During the last decade, concrete technology has been undergoing rapid development, resulting in a... more During the last decade, concrete technology has been undergoing rapid development, resulting in a new concept of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) to overcome the brittle behaviour of cement-based materials. ECC is one movement to fully incorporate waste material as an innovation in green material due to excellent toughness and energy absorption capacity, self-healing ability, fire performance, and remain durable under erosion environment. ECC exhibits a strain-hardening behaviour through the formation of micro cracking. This study is focusing on the tensile behaviour of the slag-based ECC. A total of five ECC mixes were designed with different cement to ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) ratio. Five samples of dog bone and three cylindrical for each mixture were prepared for direct tensile and compression tests. Compared to control samples, there are increments in compressive strength for samples contained 50-60% of GGBS and reductions in compressive strength for samples contained 70-80% of GGBS. The tensile strengths of ECC increase in the rate proportionally to the content of GGBS in ECC mixtures. The failure modes of the ECC cylinder samples including crushing under compressive load and few micro cracks are observed in ECC dog bones.

Australian journal of civil engineering, Apr 22, 2020

Concrete pedestals under bridge bearing are sources of high stress zones that exhibit complex dam... more Concrete pedestals under bridge bearing are sources of high stress zones that exhibit complex damage mechanisms under serviceability limit states. These damages are hard to detect and repair; however, if not treated early, they can lead to twisted or slant bridge girders with potential safety risks to the vehicles. With a view to understand the structural responses of these pedestals, a three-dimensional nonlinear explicit finite element modelling method has been developed and reported in this paper. The nonlinearity of the materials and the contact interaction between the bearing and the pedestal has been accounted for the model. It is shown that the model is capable of predicting the localised damages to the concrete pedestals comparable to those occur in the field. It is also shown that the sharp edges of the concrete pedestal are vulnerable to severe damages due to tensile stress singularities; modifying the shape of the edges appears prudent.

Lecture notes in civil engineering, 2022

Journal of Mechanical Engineering

This paper deals with the bearing capacity of the unreinforced and reinforced bridge concrete ped... more This paper deals with the bearing capacity of the unreinforced and reinforced bridge concrete pedestals/concrete blocks when concentrically loaded through square steel plate under axial compressive loading. It is well known that the presence of the lateral reinforcement gave a higher value of bearing capacity of concrete block. The main purpose of this study is to determine the ultimate bearing strength and observed the failure modes of confining reinforcement on the bearing strength of concrete blocks. A total of nine numbers of specimens with three different types of concrete pedestals was experimentally investigated. There are three specimens of concrete pedestals reinforced with ties, three specimens of concrete pedestals reinforced with spirals and three plain concrete pedestal. The use of square steel plate helps in determining the bearing capacity when concentrically loaded on top of the specimen. Experimental results indicate that the reinforced concrete blocks with spirals ...

Lecture notes in civil engineering, 2022

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2022

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a self-consolidating concrete which does not require any compac... more Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a self-consolidating concrete which does not require any compaction. Innovation in SCC adopting waste materials has become one of the research trends worldwide. This study presents experimental results on flexural behavior of SCC beams containing 10% eggshell as partial cement replacement. A total of three reinforced SCC beams with size of 150 x 200 x 1200 mm were tested under four-point bending test. Flexural characteristics such as load-deflection relationship and failure modes of the SCC beams were evaluated considering different shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d) of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The ultimate flexural strength of the SCC beams was compared with the theoretical values proposed by Eurocode 2. It is found that the beam SCCB1.0 failed in shear whereas SCCB1.5 and SCCB2.0 in shear-flexural mode, espectively. When a/d ratio increase, the beam failure changed from brittle to ductile manner.

Structural Integrity, 2022

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2022

This paper discusses the quantitative bibliographic data derived from scientific publications on ... more This paper discusses the quantitative bibliographic data derived from scientific publications on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) subjected to elevated temperature, the influence of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties, particularly the compressive strength and microstructure behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) mixtures based on the review of previous pieces of literature. Systematic literature reviews were employed as the methodology in this study. The age of related publications selected to be reviewed was limited to publications for the past ten years, 2010 to December 2020. It was found from available research that exposure of the ECC specimen at the elevated temperature starting from 200oC significantly reduced the compressive strength when the temperature increases, melting of fiber and increase of porosity causes the dramatically increase micro-cracks.

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2021

Research on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is overwhelming owing to its wide structural... more Research on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is overwhelming owing to its wide structural applications that can serve multi-functional purposes in civil and nvironmental infrastructures. Compared to other high-performance fiber reinforced concrete, ECC yields superior tensile ductility and multiple cracking behaviors when subjected to tensile loadings even with low to moderate volume of fibers. This paper presents the flexural properties of ECC made of cement, an industrial by-product, such as ground granulated blast-furnace slags (GGBS), local silica sand, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, water, and superplasticizer (SP). Two series of ECC mixtures (ECC-G50 series and ECC-G60 series) and one control mixture were designed. The effect of two different fiber contents in volume fraction was investigated for the two series of ECC mixtures. The compression and flexural tests were conducted on ECC and control specimens after 28 days of curing. A compression test revealed that almost...

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2021

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) have become another alternative in the concrete industry... more Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) have become another alternative in the concrete industry due to their excellent strain capacity under uniaxial tension. Research and development for new ECC mix incorporating wastes remain open to fulfil the industrial needs to produce green and sustainable ECCs. This paper presents the experimental work on the tensile and cracking behaviour of ECCs utilising industrial waste, namely ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), to replace cement. A total of four slag-based ECC mixes containing 2%–2.5% of PVA fibres and 50%-60% GGBS were investigated under uniaxial compressive and tensile tests. Compressive strength, tensile strength and the crack behaviours of the slag-based ECCs were evaluated and compared with a control mix. The experimental results show that the slag-based ECCs can achieve tensile strain capacity 2.6 %–2.75 % and ultimate tensile strength 1.43 MPa–2.82 MPa at 28 days. It was also found that the ECCs with GGBS and fibres fo...

Large heavy force transfers over a limited area of concrete surface can cause high concentrated s... more Large heavy force transfers over a limited area of concrete surface can cause high concentrated stresses due to contact interaction of steel bearing plate on concrete surfaces has been highlighted in designing the bearing strength of concrete. For concrete bearing, the bearing capacity increases due to confining pressure provided by a steel bearing plate. The bearing capacity of concrete can be greater than its compression strength depends on the concrete to steel area (Ac/As) ratio. The steel bearing plate acted as load dispersing plate in the load transfer members. The present study examines the confinement effect for CFRP wrapping to load-bearing capacity of concrete. Six numbers of concrete cube blocks of 150 mm3 were loaded through the steel bearing plate with sizing of 100 mm2 up to failure level under vertical load. The significant effect of external reinforcement of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) to concrete bearing was examined. The experimental results indicate tha...

The present study examines the interaction between concrete and steel plate, particularly on the ... more The present study examines the interaction between concrete and steel plate, particularly on the load bearing capacity of concrete blocks under confinement effects. 12 concrete blocks with the dimensions of 200 mm × 200 mm in cross section and 200 mm high were tested up to failure under compression load through 10 mm thickness of steel bearing plate. A series of experimental testing were performed to determine the maximum load bearing capacity in different sizes of steel plate and to identify the possible failure modes. The experimental data obtained from the experimental investigations were compared with pre-existing experimental data obtained from literature and mathematical formulation in various international standards. Experimental results indicate that the use of larger bearing plate gave higher value of load bearing capacity compared with small bearing plate due to larger contact area, thus, resulting in better effect of confinement. It was found that the concrete blocks fail...

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the bearing strength of concrete blocks ax... more This paper presents an experimental investigation into the bearing strength of concrete blocks axially loaded through various sizes of steel plates. The dimension of the loaded surface of concrete block specimens relative to the bearing steel plate is one of the most significant factors influencing the bearing strength of concrete blocks. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to determine the ultimate bearing strength and observe the modes of failure of concrete blocks axially loaded through various sizes of steel plates. A total of twelve (12) numbers of specimens with three different sizes of steel plates on top of concrete blocks were experimentally investigated. The results of the experimental testing herein were compared with the values of bearing strength calculated based on the previous studies. Experimental results demonstrate that the different sizes of steel plates depicted a different kind of crack failure for the concrete blocks. The enveloping concrete provides an ef...

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2021

Rapid innovations in the ever-expanding area of the construction sector have turned into such a s... more Rapid innovations in the ever-expanding area of the construction sector have turned into such a self-compacting concrete investigation (SCC). As a result of the effect on financial and ecological values, the importance of such innovation is expanding quickly. Many researchers have improved the efficiency of the present SCC using industrial materials. Pertinently, substituting cement with surplus material in the manufacture of concrete is environmentally sustainable. Eggshell has become one of the possible alternatives for cementitious material because it encompasses a compound of calcium. Such endeavour is primarily driven by the restriction of landfill sites and the desire to decrease the warming effect. This study describes the failure behaviour and cracks characteristics of SCC beams comprising eggshells under flexural assessment. In order to measure its compressive strength, an SCC mixture encompassing eggshells was developed and evaluated. The ultimate flexural strength and pro...

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2021

The performance of the pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam repaired with carbon fiber reinf... more The performance of the pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam repaired with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and epoxy injection in terms of bearing capacity, strength effectiveness, cracking mode and ductility is of great importance to be studied. This is because a suitable repair technique is required for the concrete structure. Therefore, the effects of different repair techniques on the behavior of pre-damaged reinforced concrete beams under monotonic loading to failure are investigated in this paper. Five types of beams were prepared, namely control beam (S1C), control beam reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) at soffit (S2B), pre-damaged RC beam repaired with epoxy injection and reinforced with CFRP at soffit (S3B), pre-damaged RC beam repaired with epoxy injection (S4B) and pre-damaged RC beam strengthened with CFRP (S5B). The bearing load capacity, strength effect, failure mode and ductility were observed, analyzed and discussed. It is found that the repaired beams associated with CFRP increase the bearing load capacity up to 37.24% and strength effectiveness up to 40%. However, the ductility is lower compared to the reference beam. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pre-damaged beam RC, repaired with a combination of epoxy injection and CFRP is a good repair method. This study is very useful for the real application of the method for repair and maintenance purposes.

Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2021

Bearing strength of concrete is strongly related to contact behaviour when the loaded bearing pla... more Bearing strength of concrete is strongly related to contact behaviour when the loaded bearing plate penetrate over limited area of concrete surface. The model of concrete bearing was examined using the three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear explicit finite element micro-model in the ABAQUS/Explicit. The contact interaction between the concrete surface and the steel bearing plate was modelled using Surface to Surface (S-to-S) contact model. For material nonlinearity, the Concrete Damage Plasticity Material Model (CDPM) was adopted to stimulate nonlinear behaviour of concrete. The main objective of this paper is to determine the effects of external reinforcement namely Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) wrapping in strengthening the bearing capacity of concrete blocks. The concrete block models are with three different bearing ratios of unloaded-loaded area 2, 4 and 6 were investigated. The FE results have shown that the structural performance of concrete bearing with CFRP external wrapped can increase the axial load capacity up to 30% than normal concrete block without CFRP wrapped. However, the effectiveness of CFRP wrapping is decreased as the concrete bearing ratio is increased. This indicates that the CFRP wrapping is effective for concrete blocks with high contact areas.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Bearing strength is vital when transferring the heavy loaded over limited area of concrete surfac... more Bearing strength is vital when transferring the heavy loaded over limited area of concrete surface. This paper examines the bearing strength of circular concrete blocks with different heights loaded under circular bearing plate. Bearing strength of concrete are strongly related to the compressive strength of concrete and the ratio of total area of concrete surface to loaded steel bearing area. This study focuses on the confinement effects of concrete for different heights of concrete blocks. Most existing design codes propose specific criteria to prevent bearing failure but not included size effect such as height of concrete block. Height of concrete block is one of important criteria in designing concrete bearing especially for shallow or slender structural supports. For the present study, there are total of 18 concrete blocks has been tested under compression and bearing tests, i.e. 9 blocks for compression test (150 mm3) and 9 blocks for bearing test in three different heights, i...

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2023

During the last decade, concrete technology has been undergoing rapid development, resulting in a... more During the last decade, concrete technology has been undergoing rapid development, resulting in a new concept of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) to overcome the brittle behaviour of cement-based materials. ECC is one movement to fully incorporate waste material as an innovation in green material due to excellent toughness and energy absorption capacity, self-healing ability, fire performance, and remain durable under erosion environment. ECC exhibits a strain-hardening behaviour through the formation of micro cracking. This study is focusing on the tensile behaviour of the slag-based ECC. A total of five ECC mixes were designed with different cement to ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) ratio. Five samples of dog bone and three cylindrical for each mixture were prepared for direct tensile and compression tests. Compared to control samples, there are increments in compressive strength for samples contained 50-60% of GGBS and reductions in compressive strength for samples contained 70-80% of GGBS. The tensile strengths of ECC increase in the rate proportionally to the content of GGBS in ECC mixtures. The failure modes of the ECC cylinder samples including crushing under compressive load and few micro cracks are observed in ECC dog bones.

Australian journal of civil engineering, Apr 22, 2020

Concrete pedestals under bridge bearing are sources of high stress zones that exhibit complex dam... more Concrete pedestals under bridge bearing are sources of high stress zones that exhibit complex damage mechanisms under serviceability limit states. These damages are hard to detect and repair; however, if not treated early, they can lead to twisted or slant bridge girders with potential safety risks to the vehicles. With a view to understand the structural responses of these pedestals, a three-dimensional nonlinear explicit finite element modelling method has been developed and reported in this paper. The nonlinearity of the materials and the contact interaction between the bearing and the pedestal has been accounted for the model. It is shown that the model is capable of predicting the localised damages to the concrete pedestals comparable to those occur in the field. It is also shown that the sharp edges of the concrete pedestal are vulnerable to severe damages due to tensile stress singularities; modifying the shape of the edges appears prudent.

Lecture notes in civil engineering, 2022

Journal of Mechanical Engineering

This paper deals with the bearing capacity of the unreinforced and reinforced bridge concrete ped... more This paper deals with the bearing capacity of the unreinforced and reinforced bridge concrete pedestals/concrete blocks when concentrically loaded through square steel plate under axial compressive loading. It is well known that the presence of the lateral reinforcement gave a higher value of bearing capacity of concrete block. The main purpose of this study is to determine the ultimate bearing strength and observed the failure modes of confining reinforcement on the bearing strength of concrete blocks. A total of nine numbers of specimens with three different types of concrete pedestals was experimentally investigated. There are three specimens of concrete pedestals reinforced with ties, three specimens of concrete pedestals reinforced with spirals and three plain concrete pedestal. The use of square steel plate helps in determining the bearing capacity when concentrically loaded on top of the specimen. Experimental results indicate that the reinforced concrete blocks with spirals ...

Lecture notes in civil engineering, 2022

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2022

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a self-consolidating concrete which does not require any compac... more Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a self-consolidating concrete which does not require any compaction. Innovation in SCC adopting waste materials has become one of the research trends worldwide. This study presents experimental results on flexural behavior of SCC beams containing 10% eggshell as partial cement replacement. A total of three reinforced SCC beams with size of 150 x 200 x 1200 mm were tested under four-point bending test. Flexural characteristics such as load-deflection relationship and failure modes of the SCC beams were evaluated considering different shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d) of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The ultimate flexural strength of the SCC beams was compared with the theoretical values proposed by Eurocode 2. It is found that the beam SCCB1.0 failed in shear whereas SCCB1.5 and SCCB2.0 in shear-flexural mode, espectively. When a/d ratio increase, the beam failure changed from brittle to ductile manner.

Structural Integrity, 2022

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2022

This paper discusses the quantitative bibliographic data derived from scientific publications on ... more This paper discusses the quantitative bibliographic data derived from scientific publications on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) subjected to elevated temperature, the influence of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties, particularly the compressive strength and microstructure behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) mixtures based on the review of previous pieces of literature. Systematic literature reviews were employed as the methodology in this study. The age of related publications selected to be reviewed was limited to publications for the past ten years, 2010 to December 2020. It was found from available research that exposure of the ECC specimen at the elevated temperature starting from 200oC significantly reduced the compressive strength when the temperature increases, melting of fiber and increase of porosity causes the dramatically increase micro-cracks.

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2021

Research on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is overwhelming owing to its wide structural... more Research on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is overwhelming owing to its wide structural applications that can serve multi-functional purposes in civil and nvironmental infrastructures. Compared to other high-performance fiber reinforced concrete, ECC yields superior tensile ductility and multiple cracking behaviors when subjected to tensile loadings even with low to moderate volume of fibers. This paper presents the flexural properties of ECC made of cement, an industrial by-product, such as ground granulated blast-furnace slags (GGBS), local silica sand, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, water, and superplasticizer (SP). Two series of ECC mixtures (ECC-G50 series and ECC-G60 series) and one control mixture were designed. The effect of two different fiber contents in volume fraction was investigated for the two series of ECC mixtures. The compression and flexural tests were conducted on ECC and control specimens after 28 days of curing. A compression test revealed that almost...

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2021

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) have become another alternative in the concrete industry... more Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) have become another alternative in the concrete industry due to their excellent strain capacity under uniaxial tension. Research and development for new ECC mix incorporating wastes remain open to fulfil the industrial needs to produce green and sustainable ECCs. This paper presents the experimental work on the tensile and cracking behaviour of ECCs utilising industrial waste, namely ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), to replace cement. A total of four slag-based ECC mixes containing 2%–2.5% of PVA fibres and 50%-60% GGBS were investigated under uniaxial compressive and tensile tests. Compressive strength, tensile strength and the crack behaviours of the slag-based ECCs were evaluated and compared with a control mix. The experimental results show that the slag-based ECCs can achieve tensile strain capacity 2.6 %–2.75 % and ultimate tensile strength 1.43 MPa–2.82 MPa at 28 days. It was also found that the ECCs with GGBS and fibres fo...

Large heavy force transfers over a limited area of concrete surface can cause high concentrated s... more Large heavy force transfers over a limited area of concrete surface can cause high concentrated stresses due to contact interaction of steel bearing plate on concrete surfaces has been highlighted in designing the bearing strength of concrete. For concrete bearing, the bearing capacity increases due to confining pressure provided by a steel bearing plate. The bearing capacity of concrete can be greater than its compression strength depends on the concrete to steel area (Ac/As) ratio. The steel bearing plate acted as load dispersing plate in the load transfer members. The present study examines the confinement effect for CFRP wrapping to load-bearing capacity of concrete. Six numbers of concrete cube blocks of 150 mm3 were loaded through the steel bearing plate with sizing of 100 mm2 up to failure level under vertical load. The significant effect of external reinforcement of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) to concrete bearing was examined. The experimental results indicate tha...

The present study examines the interaction between concrete and steel plate, particularly on the ... more The present study examines the interaction between concrete and steel plate, particularly on the load bearing capacity of concrete blocks under confinement effects. 12 concrete blocks with the dimensions of 200 mm × 200 mm in cross section and 200 mm high were tested up to failure under compression load through 10 mm thickness of steel bearing plate. A series of experimental testing were performed to determine the maximum load bearing capacity in different sizes of steel plate and to identify the possible failure modes. The experimental data obtained from the experimental investigations were compared with pre-existing experimental data obtained from literature and mathematical formulation in various international standards. Experimental results indicate that the use of larger bearing plate gave higher value of load bearing capacity compared with small bearing plate due to larger contact area, thus, resulting in better effect of confinement. It was found that the concrete blocks fail...

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the bearing strength of concrete blocks ax... more This paper presents an experimental investigation into the bearing strength of concrete blocks axially loaded through various sizes of steel plates. The dimension of the loaded surface of concrete block specimens relative to the bearing steel plate is one of the most significant factors influencing the bearing strength of concrete blocks. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to determine the ultimate bearing strength and observe the modes of failure of concrete blocks axially loaded through various sizes of steel plates. A total of twelve (12) numbers of specimens with three different sizes of steel plates on top of concrete blocks were experimentally investigated. The results of the experimental testing herein were compared with the values of bearing strength calculated based on the previous studies. Experimental results demonstrate that the different sizes of steel plates depicted a different kind of crack failure for the concrete blocks. The enveloping concrete provides an ef...

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2021

Rapid innovations in the ever-expanding area of the construction sector have turned into such a s... more Rapid innovations in the ever-expanding area of the construction sector have turned into such a self-compacting concrete investigation (SCC). As a result of the effect on financial and ecological values, the importance of such innovation is expanding quickly. Many researchers have improved the efficiency of the present SCC using industrial materials. Pertinently, substituting cement with surplus material in the manufacture of concrete is environmentally sustainable. Eggshell has become one of the possible alternatives for cementitious material because it encompasses a compound of calcium. Such endeavour is primarily driven by the restriction of landfill sites and the desire to decrease the warming effect. This study describes the failure behaviour and cracks characteristics of SCC beams comprising eggshells under flexural assessment. In order to measure its compressive strength, an SCC mixture encompassing eggshells was developed and evaluated. The ultimate flexural strength and pro...

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2021

The performance of the pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam repaired with carbon fiber reinf... more The performance of the pre-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam repaired with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and epoxy injection in terms of bearing capacity, strength effectiveness, cracking mode and ductility is of great importance to be studied. This is because a suitable repair technique is required for the concrete structure. Therefore, the effects of different repair techniques on the behavior of pre-damaged reinforced concrete beams under monotonic loading to failure are investigated in this paper. Five types of beams were prepared, namely control beam (S1C), control beam reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) at soffit (S2B), pre-damaged RC beam repaired with epoxy injection and reinforced with CFRP at soffit (S3B), pre-damaged RC beam repaired with epoxy injection (S4B) and pre-damaged RC beam strengthened with CFRP (S5B). The bearing load capacity, strength effect, failure mode and ductility were observed, analyzed and discussed. It is found that the repaired beams associated with CFRP increase the bearing load capacity up to 37.24% and strength effectiveness up to 40%. However, the ductility is lower compared to the reference beam. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pre-damaged beam RC, repaired with a combination of epoxy injection and CFRP is a good repair method. This study is very useful for the real application of the method for repair and maintenance purposes.

Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2021

Bearing strength of concrete is strongly related to contact behaviour when the loaded bearing pla... more Bearing strength of concrete is strongly related to contact behaviour when the loaded bearing plate penetrate over limited area of concrete surface. The model of concrete bearing was examined using the three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear explicit finite element micro-model in the ABAQUS/Explicit. The contact interaction between the concrete surface and the steel bearing plate was modelled using Surface to Surface (S-to-S) contact model. For material nonlinearity, the Concrete Damage Plasticity Material Model (CDPM) was adopted to stimulate nonlinear behaviour of concrete. The main objective of this paper is to determine the effects of external reinforcement namely Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) wrapping in strengthening the bearing capacity of concrete blocks. The concrete block models are with three different bearing ratios of unloaded-loaded area 2, 4 and 6 were investigated. The FE results have shown that the structural performance of concrete bearing with CFRP external wrapped can increase the axial load capacity up to 30% than normal concrete block without CFRP wrapped. However, the effectiveness of CFRP wrapping is decreased as the concrete bearing ratio is increased. This indicates that the CFRP wrapping is effective for concrete blocks with high contact areas.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Bearing strength is vital when transferring the heavy loaded over limited area of concrete surfac... more Bearing strength is vital when transferring the heavy loaded over limited area of concrete surface. This paper examines the bearing strength of circular concrete blocks with different heights loaded under circular bearing plate. Bearing strength of concrete are strongly related to the compressive strength of concrete and the ratio of total area of concrete surface to loaded steel bearing area. This study focuses on the confinement effects of concrete for different heights of concrete blocks. Most existing design codes propose specific criteria to prevent bearing failure but not included size effect such as height of concrete block. Height of concrete block is one of important criteria in designing concrete bearing especially for shallow or slender structural supports. For the present study, there are total of 18 concrete blocks has been tested under compression and bearing tests, i.e. 9 blocks for compression test (150 mm3) and 9 blocks for bearing test in three different heights, i...