Ghayas Usmani | NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY JALGAON (original) (raw)
Papers by Ghayas Usmani
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) fo... more The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater and to develop a simple design criteria under local conditions. A laboratory scale Bubble column and Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier were used for this purpose. Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the influent and effluent was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time ( �). The results of the study demonstrated that an efficiency of above 85% for bubble column reactor and above 95% for jet loop reactor could be obtained for COD if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time of 1 hour. In the present investigation the preliminary studies were carried out in a lab scale Bubble column and Jet loop reactor made of...
Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the w... more Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the waste water treatment by using activated sludge process. The tests were carried out in the laboratory with synthetic waste water and the effluent from paper industry. A laboratory scale Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose. Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the influent and effluent was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time ( �). The results of the study demonstrated that an efficiency of above 91% for COD and above 98% for BOD could be obtained in Compact jet loop reactor if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time of 1 hour. Synthetic waste water having a composition of 1000 mg/lit m...
Current World Environment, Jun 25, 2010
Water is the most vital source for all kinds of life on the earth. 1 In India about 96 % of water... more Water is the most vital source for all kinds of life on the earth. 1 In India about 96 % of water resources is used for agriculture, 3% for domestic use and 1 % for industrial activity. 2 In India ponds, rivers and ground waters are used for domestic and agriculture purposes. The quality of water may be described according to their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. 3 However contamination of ground water used for drinking purpose can affect public health. 4 so the physicochemical study of ground water is necessary. Trace metal ions have important roles in life, involving a wide spectrum of activities. Thus the determinations of heavy metal ions becomes increasingly important. 5 EXPERIMENTAL Study area Jalgaon city lies between 20 0 to 21 0 North Latitude land 74 0 55' & 76 0 28' east longitude land
The cottonseed oil is one of the most widely used in India and can be used as alternative fuel fo... more The cottonseed oil is one of the most widely used in India and can be used as alternative fuel for diesel. The cottonseed oil derived biodiesel that is methyl-ester prepared from cottonseed oil is a useful alternate fuel possessing lower pollutant emission characteristics and comparable petroleum characteristics like petroleum diesel fuel. The cottonseed oil alkyl ester was characterized and related with the properties of petroleum diesel. Then the blending of this biodiesel of cottonseed oil is done with diesel fuel in several proportions for which the petroleum analysis was carried out. The present study consists of comparing of various petroleum analysis of biodiesel and its blends with pure diesel fuel and how the blends are to be used as alternative for diesel to save diesel and reduce the unwanted exhaust emission unfavourable to the environment, human beings, and living organisms. The various properties, such as density, aniline point, diesel index, cetane number,API gravity,...
Gemini surfactants can be viewed as two conventional surfactants connected via a spacer at the le... more Gemini surfactants can be viewed as two conventional surfactants connected via a spacer at the level of the polar head groups. Surface active, performance and biological properties of monoethanolamide based Gemini surfactant were investigated. The head group of the Gemini surfactant consist of ethanol amide connected to a 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane. The alkyl tails have been varied in terms of tail length. The surface activities of the synthesized surfactant were determined using surface tensiometry. Within the same homologues series, expected decrease in critical micelle concentration (cmc) with the increase in hydrophobicity was observed. However, the deviation in cmc value from regularity was observed when number of carbon atom in the hydrophobic chain exceeded a certain number. The foam production & stability were studied by measuring the volume of foam production after 30 sec and 300 sec at different concentration. The wetting power and emulsifying power were studied. The dispersion...
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) fo... more The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater and to develop a simple design criteria under local conditions.A laboratory scale Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose.Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the influent and effluent was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquorvolatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time (θ). The results of the studydemonstrated that an efficiency of above 95% could be obtained for COD if the ASP is operated atan MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/L keeping an aeration time of 1 hour.In the present investigation the preliminary studies were carried out in a lab scale Jet loop reactor made of glass. Synthetic waste water having a composition of 1000 mg/L mixed with other nutrients such as Urea, ...
In present investigation, extraction of bio-oil from orange peels was examined for variable param... more In present investigation, extraction of bio-oil from orange peels was examined for variable parameters like temperature and time using microwave assisted extraction technique without solvent usage. The extraction parameters were optimized using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of response surface methodological approach to obtain high bio-oil yield. The physio-chemical properties of the extracted oil was determined according to standard methods, while the chemical composition was obtained using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A quadratic regression model developed and diagnosed to estimate the optimum conditions for bio-oil recovery was validated in terms of Desirability (D) function. The optimal conditions of extraction established with CCRD, response surface methodology were extraction temperature, 113 oC and time, 32 min. At these optimized conditions the predicted yield and desirability was 3.9 % and 0.78 respectively. The validation of predicte...
Esterification Diethylmaleate Homogeneous catalyst p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Homogeneous catalysts s... more Esterification Diethylmaleate Homogeneous catalyst p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Homogeneous catalysts sulfuric acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid were tested for their ability for esterification of maleic acid with ethanol. Initially batch experiments were conducted at stirring speed 800 rpm, molar ratio 1:5, catalyst loading of 1.5 wt% of reaction mixture and temperature 80 o C. Sulfuric and perchloric acid shows highest conversion of maleic acid at prevailing conditions. Effect of stirring speed 500-1000 rpm, molar ratio (acid : alcohol) 1:5- 1:20, catalyst loading 0.5-2 wt%, temperature 60-80 o C were studied in batch experiments to fix the lower and higher levels of variables for design of experiment study. Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology of design of experiment was used to develop the statistical model for esterification of maleic acid with ethanol. Interaction of process variables and their corresponding effects on the percent conve...
In the present research work, synthesis of Bio-Diesel was carried out by trans-esterification rea... more In the present research work, synthesis of Bio-Diesel was carried out by trans-esterification reaction of palm stearin with methanol by using base catalyst KOH. Glycerin is one of the main by-products of this reaction mixture. The purification of crude glycerin was done by two methods: adsorption and electrolysis. Glycerin with 80-85% purity has been successfully obtained by Electrolysis Process. The purified glycerol is characterized by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Current World Environment, 2010
Present study involves investigation of Sulfamic acid as a catalyst for esterification of Phthali... more Present study involves investigation of Sulfamic acid as a catalyst for esterification of Phthalic anhydride with n-Butanol. Effect of different operating parameters such as molar ratio of reactants, catalyst quantity and operating temperature has been studied with an aim of optimization. The optimum parameters for this process have been found to be 1:.2 molar ratio of Phthalic anhydride to n-butanol, catalyst concentration of 6%(by weight) of reaction mixture and 130-180 degrees C reaction temperature. Maximum conversion levels of about 89% have been obtained in 1.5h of reaction time under these optimized conditions.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014
The current study is focused on alternative fuel for diesel in the form of soybean oil methyl est... more The current study is focused on alternative fuel for diesel in the form of soybean oil methyl ester and their different blends with petroleum diesel. The soybean oil is important oil from economic point of view for the biodiesel production and in the country like India this oil is mainly used for edible purpose. The Transesterification process was used to produce the methyl ester from soybean oil. The methyl-ester prepared from soybean oil was blended with diesel fuel such as 10% biodiesel plus 90% Petro-diesel, 20% biodiesel plus 80% Petro-diesel, 30% biodiesel plus 70% Petro-diesel, 40% biodiesel plus 60% Petro-diesel, 60% biodiesel plus 40% Petro-diesel and 80% biodiesel plus 20% Petro-diesel. In the present study, the petroleum analysis of soybean oil, biodiesel (soybeanoil methylester) and its different blends with diesel were done and studied. Properties such as fire and flash point, pour point, aniline point, diesel index, specific gravity and cetane number were determined and also distillation characteristics consisting of initial boiling point and final boiling point were also be studied.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2015
Inorganic clays are being exploited as solid catalysts support for vide verity of organic reactio... more Inorganic clays are being exploited as solid catalysts support for vide verity of organic reactions. Surface modified (SM) clay was synthesized by sulfuric acid treatment of raw bentonite clay. Acid treated clay was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The esterification of maleic acid with ethanol using SM clay catalyst was carried out to study an effect of various parameters viz. speed of agitation, catalyst loading, mole ratio of reactants and temperature. SM bentonite shows better catalytic activity towards maleic acid-ethanol esterification. A Pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was used to validate the experimental data. Kinetic parameter such as rate constant and activation energy was estimated for the reaction.
Recently biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and the fact ... more Recently biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. The properties of methyl esters obtained from Jatropha oil, used cooking oil, cotton seeds oil were analyzed. The transesterification reaction conditions that affect yield and purity of the product esters including oil quality, type and concentration of catalyst, temperature and reaction time were examined. Methanol esterification of different oils at 60oC with 1–10 by vol. potassium methoxide was studied. With appropriate percent of potassium methoxide, the reaction has been carried out for 1 hour at temperature 60–70oC. A process for the production of the methyl ester of Jatropha oil, used cooking oil, cotton seeds oil has been studied. The essential part of the process is the transesterification of the cotton seed oil with methanol, in the presence of a catalyst, to yield the methyl ester as a product and glycerol as a by-product.
Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the w... more Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the waste water treatment by using activated sludge process. The tests were carried out in the laboratory with synthetic waste water and the effluent from pharmaceutical industry. A laboratory scale Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the influent and effluent collected from pharmaceutical industry was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time (θ). The results of the study demonstrated that an efficiency of above 56% for COD and above 66% for BOD could be obtained for above waste sample collected from pharmaceutical industry in Compact jet loop reactor if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time of 1 hour.
Cottonseed oil is one of the sources for production of Biodiesel manufacture. The present study i... more Cottonseed oil is one of the sources for production of Biodiesel manufacture. The present study is completely focused on the yield of biodiesel from cottonseed oil on the basis of parameters like oil alcohol ratio, concentration of catalyst and process temperature. The process is base catalyzed transesterification reaction. Here two parameters are kept constant and one parameter is increased and the degree of esterification variation is studied. In this work, oil to alcohol ratio and temperature is kept constant and catalyst concentration has been increased which results to different degree of esterification for different catalyst concentration. Similarly the process temperature & catalyst concentration kept constant and oil to alcohol ratio is increased, here too yield of biodiesel varies. The process temperature changed and remaining two parameters oil to alcohol ratio & concentration of catalyst are kept constant which gives a different yield. From the experimental studies , the optimum process conditions for transesterification of cottonseed oil has been examined which results in good yield of Biodiesel which is the best alternative fuel for petrodiesel.
The sorbitol molecule contains six hydroxyl groups able to be esterified with carboxylic acids. S... more The sorbitol molecule contains six hydroxyl groups able to be esterified with carboxylic acids. Sorbitol esters were prepared by lipase catalyzed controlled esterification reaction between sorbitol and fatty acids. In this study, enzymatic reaction was performed in organic solvent mixtures of pure DMSO and Tert. Butanol in 80:20 ratio in percentage(v/v).The enzymatic synthesis was carried out by the reaction of sorbitol and various fatty acids like oleic, lauric, palmitic at temperature 45- 50 0 C in orbital shaker incubator at 200rpm for 48h. This synthesis strategy gave complete conversion of SMO(92%),SMP(82%),SML(85%).In this research, we report advances made in using renewable substrates for biosurfactant production and their characterization by TLC, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HPLC,FTIR etc.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) fo... more The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater and to develop a simple design criteria under local conditions. A laboratory scale Bubble column and Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier were used for this purpose. Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the influent and effluent was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time ( �). The results of the study demonstrated that an efficiency of above 85% for bubble column reactor and above 95% for jet loop reactor could be obtained for COD if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time of 1 hour. In the present investigation the preliminary studies were carried out in a lab scale Bubble column and Jet loop reactor made of...
Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the w... more Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the waste water treatment by using activated sludge process. The tests were carried out in the laboratory with synthetic waste water and the effluent from paper industry. A laboratory scale Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose. Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the influent and effluent was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time ( �). The results of the study demonstrated that an efficiency of above 91% for COD and above 98% for BOD could be obtained in Compact jet loop reactor if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time of 1 hour. Synthetic waste water having a composition of 1000 mg/lit m...
Current World Environment, Jun 25, 2010
Water is the most vital source for all kinds of life on the earth. 1 In India about 96 % of water... more Water is the most vital source for all kinds of life on the earth. 1 In India about 96 % of water resources is used for agriculture, 3% for domestic use and 1 % for industrial activity. 2 In India ponds, rivers and ground waters are used for domestic and agriculture purposes. The quality of water may be described according to their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. 3 However contamination of ground water used for drinking purpose can affect public health. 4 so the physicochemical study of ground water is necessary. Trace metal ions have important roles in life, involving a wide spectrum of activities. Thus the determinations of heavy metal ions becomes increasingly important. 5 EXPERIMENTAL Study area Jalgaon city lies between 20 0 to 21 0 North Latitude land 74 0 55' & 76 0 28' east longitude land
The cottonseed oil is one of the most widely used in India and can be used as alternative fuel fo... more The cottonseed oil is one of the most widely used in India and can be used as alternative fuel for diesel. The cottonseed oil derived biodiesel that is methyl-ester prepared from cottonseed oil is a useful alternate fuel possessing lower pollutant emission characteristics and comparable petroleum characteristics like petroleum diesel fuel. The cottonseed oil alkyl ester was characterized and related with the properties of petroleum diesel. Then the blending of this biodiesel of cottonseed oil is done with diesel fuel in several proportions for which the petroleum analysis was carried out. The present study consists of comparing of various petroleum analysis of biodiesel and its blends with pure diesel fuel and how the blends are to be used as alternative for diesel to save diesel and reduce the unwanted exhaust emission unfavourable to the environment, human beings, and living organisms. The various properties, such as density, aniline point, diesel index, cetane number,API gravity,...
Gemini surfactants can be viewed as two conventional surfactants connected via a spacer at the le... more Gemini surfactants can be viewed as two conventional surfactants connected via a spacer at the level of the polar head groups. Surface active, performance and biological properties of monoethanolamide based Gemini surfactant were investigated. The head group of the Gemini surfactant consist of ethanol amide connected to a 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane. The alkyl tails have been varied in terms of tail length. The surface activities of the synthesized surfactant were determined using surface tensiometry. Within the same homologues series, expected decrease in critical micelle concentration (cmc) with the increase in hydrophobicity was observed. However, the deviation in cmc value from regularity was observed when number of carbon atom in the hydrophobic chain exceeded a certain number. The foam production & stability were studied by measuring the volume of foam production after 30 sec and 300 sec at different concentration. The wetting power and emulsifying power were studied. The dispersion...
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) fo... more The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater and to develop a simple design criteria under local conditions.A laboratory scale Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose.Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the influent and effluent was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquorvolatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time (θ). The results of the studydemonstrated that an efficiency of above 95% could be obtained for COD if the ASP is operated atan MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/L keeping an aeration time of 1 hour.In the present investigation the preliminary studies were carried out in a lab scale Jet loop reactor made of glass. Synthetic waste water having a composition of 1000 mg/L mixed with other nutrients such as Urea, ...
In present investigation, extraction of bio-oil from orange peels was examined for variable param... more In present investigation, extraction of bio-oil from orange peels was examined for variable parameters like temperature and time using microwave assisted extraction technique without solvent usage. The extraction parameters were optimized using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of response surface methodological approach to obtain high bio-oil yield. The physio-chemical properties of the extracted oil was determined according to standard methods, while the chemical composition was obtained using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A quadratic regression model developed and diagnosed to estimate the optimum conditions for bio-oil recovery was validated in terms of Desirability (D) function. The optimal conditions of extraction established with CCRD, response surface methodology were extraction temperature, 113 oC and time, 32 min. At these optimized conditions the predicted yield and desirability was 3.9 % and 0.78 respectively. The validation of predicte...
Esterification Diethylmaleate Homogeneous catalyst p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Homogeneous catalysts s... more Esterification Diethylmaleate Homogeneous catalyst p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Homogeneous catalysts sulfuric acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid were tested for their ability for esterification of maleic acid with ethanol. Initially batch experiments were conducted at stirring speed 800 rpm, molar ratio 1:5, catalyst loading of 1.5 wt% of reaction mixture and temperature 80 o C. Sulfuric and perchloric acid shows highest conversion of maleic acid at prevailing conditions. Effect of stirring speed 500-1000 rpm, molar ratio (acid : alcohol) 1:5- 1:20, catalyst loading 0.5-2 wt%, temperature 60-80 o C were studied in batch experiments to fix the lower and higher levels of variables for design of experiment study. Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology of design of experiment was used to develop the statistical model for esterification of maleic acid with ethanol. Interaction of process variables and their corresponding effects on the percent conve...
In the present research work, synthesis of Bio-Diesel was carried out by trans-esterification rea... more In the present research work, synthesis of Bio-Diesel was carried out by trans-esterification reaction of palm stearin with methanol by using base catalyst KOH. Glycerin is one of the main by-products of this reaction mixture. The purification of crude glycerin was done by two methods: adsorption and electrolysis. Glycerin with 80-85% purity has been successfully obtained by Electrolysis Process. The purified glycerol is characterized by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Current World Environment, 2010
Present study involves investigation of Sulfamic acid as a catalyst for esterification of Phthali... more Present study involves investigation of Sulfamic acid as a catalyst for esterification of Phthalic anhydride with n-Butanol. Effect of different operating parameters such as molar ratio of reactants, catalyst quantity and operating temperature has been studied with an aim of optimization. The optimum parameters for this process have been found to be 1:.2 molar ratio of Phthalic anhydride to n-butanol, catalyst concentration of 6%(by weight) of reaction mixture and 130-180 degrees C reaction temperature. Maximum conversion levels of about 89% have been obtained in 1.5h of reaction time under these optimized conditions.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014
The current study is focused on alternative fuel for diesel in the form of soybean oil methyl est... more The current study is focused on alternative fuel for diesel in the form of soybean oil methyl ester and their different blends with petroleum diesel. The soybean oil is important oil from economic point of view for the biodiesel production and in the country like India this oil is mainly used for edible purpose. The Transesterification process was used to produce the methyl ester from soybean oil. The methyl-ester prepared from soybean oil was blended with diesel fuel such as 10% biodiesel plus 90% Petro-diesel, 20% biodiesel plus 80% Petro-diesel, 30% biodiesel plus 70% Petro-diesel, 40% biodiesel plus 60% Petro-diesel, 60% biodiesel plus 40% Petro-diesel and 80% biodiesel plus 20% Petro-diesel. In the present study, the petroleum analysis of soybean oil, biodiesel (soybeanoil methylester) and its different blends with diesel were done and studied. Properties such as fire and flash point, pour point, aniline point, diesel index, specific gravity and cetane number were determined and also distillation characteristics consisting of initial boiling point and final boiling point were also be studied.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2015
Inorganic clays are being exploited as solid catalysts support for vide verity of organic reactio... more Inorganic clays are being exploited as solid catalysts support for vide verity of organic reactions. Surface modified (SM) clay was synthesized by sulfuric acid treatment of raw bentonite clay. Acid treated clay was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The esterification of maleic acid with ethanol using SM clay catalyst was carried out to study an effect of various parameters viz. speed of agitation, catalyst loading, mole ratio of reactants and temperature. SM bentonite shows better catalytic activity towards maleic acid-ethanol esterification. A Pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was used to validate the experimental data. Kinetic parameter such as rate constant and activation energy was estimated for the reaction.
Recently biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and the fact ... more Recently biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. The properties of methyl esters obtained from Jatropha oil, used cooking oil, cotton seeds oil were analyzed. The transesterification reaction conditions that affect yield and purity of the product esters including oil quality, type and concentration of catalyst, temperature and reaction time were examined. Methanol esterification of different oils at 60oC with 1–10 by vol. potassium methoxide was studied. With appropriate percent of potassium methoxide, the reaction has been carried out for 1 hour at temperature 60–70oC. A process for the production of the methyl ester of Jatropha oil, used cooking oil, cotton seeds oil has been studied. The essential part of the process is the transesterification of the cotton seed oil with methanol, in the presence of a catalyst, to yield the methyl ester as a product and glycerol as a by-product.
Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the w... more Present study was carried out to investigate the application of Compact jet loop reactor in the waste water treatment by using activated sludge process. The tests were carried out in the laboratory with synthetic waste water and the effluent from pharmaceutical industry. A laboratory scale Compact jet loop reactor model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the influent and effluent collected from pharmaceutical industry was measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic retention time (θ). The results of the study demonstrated that an efficiency of above 56% for COD and above 66% for BOD could be obtained for above waste sample collected from pharmaceutical industry in Compact jet loop reactor if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time of 1 hour.
Cottonseed oil is one of the sources for production of Biodiesel manufacture. The present study i... more Cottonseed oil is one of the sources for production of Biodiesel manufacture. The present study is completely focused on the yield of biodiesel from cottonseed oil on the basis of parameters like oil alcohol ratio, concentration of catalyst and process temperature. The process is base catalyzed transesterification reaction. Here two parameters are kept constant and one parameter is increased and the degree of esterification variation is studied. In this work, oil to alcohol ratio and temperature is kept constant and catalyst concentration has been increased which results to different degree of esterification for different catalyst concentration. Similarly the process temperature & catalyst concentration kept constant and oil to alcohol ratio is increased, here too yield of biodiesel varies. The process temperature changed and remaining two parameters oil to alcohol ratio & concentration of catalyst are kept constant which gives a different yield. From the experimental studies , the optimum process conditions for transesterification of cottonseed oil has been examined which results in good yield of Biodiesel which is the best alternative fuel for petrodiesel.
The sorbitol molecule contains six hydroxyl groups able to be esterified with carboxylic acids. S... more The sorbitol molecule contains six hydroxyl groups able to be esterified with carboxylic acids. Sorbitol esters were prepared by lipase catalyzed controlled esterification reaction between sorbitol and fatty acids. In this study, enzymatic reaction was performed in organic solvent mixtures of pure DMSO and Tert. Butanol in 80:20 ratio in percentage(v/v).The enzymatic synthesis was carried out by the reaction of sorbitol and various fatty acids like oleic, lauric, palmitic at temperature 45- 50 0 C in orbital shaker incubator at 200rpm for 48h. This synthesis strategy gave complete conversion of SMO(92%),SMP(82%),SML(85%).In this research, we report advances made in using renewable substrates for biosurfactant production and their characterization by TLC, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HPLC,FTIR etc.