Paul Starkey | University of Reading (original) (raw)

Papers by Paul Starkey

The employment of domestic animals for tillage or transport is known as animal traction. The term... more The employment of domestic animals for tillage or transport is known as animal traction. The term is generally understood to include pack transport as well as the ‘pulling ’ work of animals. In various parts of the world

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Complementing infrastructure: enhancing rural mobility through

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Rural Households in Emerging Societies, 2020

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Maps, tables and graphs are presented to illustrate trends in donkey populations in the world, wi... more Maps, tables and graphs are presented to illustrate trends in donkey populations in the world, with emphasis on Africa, Asia and Latin America. Most data derive from information collated and published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Although national estimates of donkey populations are seldom accurate, they illustrate broad trends. There are estimated to be 44 million donkeys in the world, almost all of which are maintained for work. China has the highest population (eleven million) followed by Ethiopia (five million). For the past thirty years (and more) there has been a gradual but consistent growth in donkey numbers. The main areas of increase have been in sub-Saharan Africa, the north of the Indian subcontinent and the tropical highlands of Latin America. This has more than offset the decline in the Mediterranean region. In the past thirty years there has been a three-fold increase in the Sahelian zone of West Africa. Rapid increases have al...

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... of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) 50 Workshop evaluatio... more ... of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) 50 Workshop evaluation P Starkey, E Mwenya and M ... Andrew С Makwanda Women&amp;amp;#x27;s access to animal traction technology: case studies from Darfur, Sudan, and Turkana, Kenya Simon Croxton The ...

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This book explores the importance of local transport solutions as a means for increasing the mobi... more This book explores the importance of local transport solutions as a means for increasing the mobility of rural women, men and children in the poorest countries. Many intermediate forms of transport are covered including bicycles, hand carts, animal-drawn transport, motorcycles and motor tricycles. Many of these modes are not available to women, or are very expensive, but when they are available they stimulate agricultural production because of increased access to markets. They also enable itinerant selling of perishable commodities. Local attitudes to intermediate transport may constrain its use as it is perceived as old fashioned. Adoption of transport technologies may be patchy, depending on topography, culture, income and other factors. Development of a critical mass of users makes transport ownership socially acceptable and justifies the establishment of service providers. Non-transport solutions include the provision of water supplies, new markets or grinding mills where they a...

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Rural transport services are often inadequate. Passenger and goods transport needs improving to s... more Rural transport services are often inadequate. Passenger and goods transport needs improving to stimulate rural economies and reduce poverty. Understanding existing rural transport systems and constraining factors is a precondition for appropriate policy action. The Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program (SSATP) commissioned a study to develop and test a methodology for the rapid assessment of rural transport systems. The guidelines specified passenger and freight transport for distances of 5-200 km, encompassing much rural transport, but excluding within-village transport, long-distance national transport and international corridors. Rural transport systems operate on hub and spoke systems at several levels. Key rural hubs are provincial/regional towns, market/district towns and villages. The various spokes and hubs have characteristic combinations of transport, including trucks, buses, minibuses, pickups and intermediate means of transport (IMTs). The smallest spokes are foot...

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Poverty alleviation requires improved mobility so women and men can access daily needs, services,... more Poverty alleviation requires improved mobility so women and men can access daily needs, services, markets and income. Transport budgets are biased towards infrastructure. An integrated approach requires complementary transport (motorised and non-motorised) and infrastructure. Diverse transport technologies exist and can be used together: bicycles are very flexible, animal power is sustainable, pickups are suited to low-density routes, and trucks carrying large loads are costeffective. In many areas, water transport is extremely important for personal mobility and moving produce. Efficient rural transport systems are multi-modal, involving long-distance large motorised transport and intermediate means of transport for village and ‘feeder’ transport. Important stakeholders in rural transport are users, operators, support services, regulators (national and local government), several ministries, credit agencies, institutions and NGOs. Users differ widely (income, gender, power). Transpo...

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This document analyzes ways to improve rural mobilization, by providing means of transportation, ... more This document analyzes ways to improve rural mobilization, by providing means of transportation, and affordable services for rural populations in developing countries, who by and large, lack access to transport infrastructure, and services, aggravating socioeconomic development, and poverty conditions. Several factors hamper the development of transport mobilization, and influence promotion efforts, despite budgets supporting transports improvements. In addition, markets do not provide transport services to regions where the demand is weak, i.e., the poorest segments, and less mobile communities are left behind. An integrated approach is deemed necessary, if investments are to provide sound economic and social improvements. Expansion of road networks is certainly important, though not at the expense of secondary roads, and rural roads, while the importance of private, and commercial transportation means (be it motorized or not) should neither be disregarded. Rather, favorable polici...

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Animal power assists transport in all regions of the world. A wide variety of animals can be used... more Animal power assists transport in all regions of the world. A wide variety of animals can be used, although cattle, horses and donkeys are the animals most commonly employed. Animals are used for riding, pack transport and pulling carts, wagons and sledges. Animal transport boosts sustainable crop-livestock integration and market prospects. Work animals provide on-farm transport, marketing of produce and some informal hiring. Commercial transport services for freight and passengers are found in peri-urban areas. Specialist animal power uses include forestry, urban waste transport and rural road maintenance

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Roads are not enough. People need rural transport services to access services and livelihoods. Go... more Roads are not enough. People need rural transport services to access services and livelihoods. Governments are not adequately stimulating passenger and freight service development in rural areas. Services include buses, minibuses, trucks, pickups and intermediate means of transport (bicycles, motorcycles, three wheelers and animal power). Communities need safe, reliable, predictable and affordable transport services. Transport appraisal studies highlighted problems of low fleet investment, unreliable services and poor governance, with clear gender implications. Intermediate means of transport are increasingly important with new roles for motorcycles and three wheelers but challenging times for animal power. Climate change will affect services. New indicators are needed to measure the impact of road improvement and recommended initiatives on rural transport services.

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Complementing infrastructure: enhancing rural mobility through

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Rural Households in Emerging Societies, 2020

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