Dr Riyas Basheer K B | Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr Riyas Basheer K B

Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 2020

Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining techn... more Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining technique for histology and histopathology sections. Though hematoxylin is a natural dye, eosin is synthetic dye manufactured from chemicals. Eosin acts as a counterstain to hematoxylin giving sharp contrast to its blue colour. Eosin being a chemical can cause health hazards and environmental pollution. Using ecofriendly materials and going organic is the demand of this era. The present study was conducted to evaluate the staining qualities of Curcumin longa(turmeric) a natural substitute of eosin and the results of Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H and E) was compared with Hematoxylin and Curcumin(H and C) stain. Methods: The study was conducted in the Histopathology lab of a tertiary health care centre in South India after getting Institutional Ethical Committee Clearance. For each staining method 100 sections were prepared from 20 collagen tissues, 20 epithelial tissues, 20 smooth muscle tissues, 20 bony tissues and 20 adipose tissues. The staining qualities were assessed by an experienced pathologist and the results were scored as excellent, good and poor. After entering the scores in Microsoft excel, the results were statistically analyzed. Results: H and C staining gave comparable results with H and E staining in all the five types of tissue sections studied (p value<0.05) with intense affinity on collagen and muscle fibres. Interpretation and conclusions: Curcumin is a safer and cheaper alternative to Eosin stain in histology and histopathology sections.

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, Apr 21, 2023

Background & Objective: Higher mental function is a common complain of patients dealing with stro... more Background & Objective: Higher mental function is a common complain of patients dealing with stroke and potentially affect ability to complete functional activities. Cognitive rehabilitation programmes either attempt to retrain lost or poor memory functions, or teach patients strategies to cope with them. To review the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation interventions for patients with poststroke in cognitive impairment. Design: Literature review Conclusion: The study concluded that the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on higher mental function is effective in patients after diagnosed with stroke and significant positive impacts were seen in individuals with cognitive function such as planning, memory, execution etc.

Medical Science, 2022

Background and Aim: Diabetic neuropathy increases with the duration of diabetes and also poor gly... more Background and Aim: Diabetic neuropathy increases with the duration of diabetes and also poor glycemic control fasten the disability associated with neuropathy. This leads to a change in the nerve excitation and action potential propagation. Rheobase and Chronaxie values from SD curve give the excitability of the nerve. This study aims to find the peripheral nerve excitability by using Rheobase and Chronaxie values based on the neuropathy status of T2DM subjects. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 213 subjects including 141 T2DM subjects and 72 nondiabetic subjects. T2DM subjects were classified into two groups based on the duration of diabetes (< 10 years & >10 years). All subjects nerve excitability from proximal and distal muscle groups by using Rheobase and Chronaxie value obtained from SD curve. Results: This study shows that 33.8% of T2DM with < 10 years and 68.60% of T2DM with > 10 years having neuropathy. In all the groups both Rheobase and Chronaxie, values show statistically significant differences (p<0.001) in all the muscle groups. The Rheobase and Chronaxie values were higher in T2DM with > 10 years followed by T2DM with < 10 year and Non diabetic group. Conclusion: Our study states that Rheobase and Chronaxie values are higher in T2DM with > 10 years and also failed to prove a statistically significant difference between neuropathic and non-neuropathic TDM in nerve excitabilities based on the duration of diabetes.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2022

Sensory symptoms and deficits are frequently observed in diabetic polyneuropathy, but motor defic... more Sensory symptoms and deficits are frequently observed in diabetic polyneuropathy, but motor deficits are more difficult to recognise or often neglected. As a part of a rehabilitation team, we observed altered muscle strength in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in relation to neuropathy. Weakness in muscles in DM has significant effects on patient's daily living activities.
Aim: To find the relationship of muscle strength in diabetes subjects characterised by microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy associated) and biochemical measurements.
Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India for a period of nine months from February 2020 to November 2020. Study included 72 T2DM subjects (n=36) and controls (n=36) with age <75 years, with a diabetic history ≥5 years. By using standard laboratory methods, biochemical measurements were taken, which included Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level, Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatine, serum insulin, C-peptide and albumin excretion rate. The retinal status of the diabetic subjects were classified as normal, non proliferative and proliferative retinopathy, renal status classified as incipient and overt nephropathy and neuropathy as asymptomatic and symptomatic by ophthalmologist, nephrologist and neurologist respectively. Muscle strength of the upper extremities and lower extremities were measured by using hand-held dynamometer (Baseline® LiTE®).
Results: Out of total 72 subjects, the mean age of diabetic and non diabetic group was 55.69±5.50 years and 55.91±5.21 years, respectively. In diabetic subjects, the median value of serum creatine was 1.04 mg/dL , FBS was 171 mg/dL, HbA1c was 9.1%,serum insulin was 24.62 mU/L, C-peptide was 1.13 ng/mL and albumin excretion rate was 57.6 mg/24 hours. Approximately, 10.5% reduction was observed at ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of both sides, 7% reduction of knee extension (both side), and right knee flexion, whereas, the left knee shows a marked 10.81% reduction in muscle strength.
Conclusion: Type-2 diabetes subjects have weakness of extensors and flexors of the upper and lower extremity (shoulder and hip strength not assessed in this study) with predominant reduction of muscle strength in the lower limbs.

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2021

Background: Ageing has been associated with multiple medical conditions mainly due to impaired im... more Background: Ageing has been associated with multiple medical conditions mainly due to impaired immune mechanisms and deteriorating physiological reserves such as declining physical health, increased risk for mental and emotional problems, economic constraints, changing roles and changing lifestyles. Chronic psychological and physical illnesses among geriatrics were studied univocally. Hence present study aimed to compare the effect of yoga techniques and conventional exercises. Methods: 40 subjects participated in the form of group therapy based on the selection criteria. Yoga group received yogic Relaxation and pranayama (10 min each) and exercise group received supine rest and diaphragmatic breathing (10 min each) for four days per weeks continued for three months. Outcome measures were evaluated before the intervention and after three months of participation. Results: The Oxygen saturation in yoga group were 96.4±1.39 and 97.05±1.19, and in exercise group 96.7±1.45 and 97.7± 0.73 in pre and post assessment. The breath rates in yoga group were reduced to an average of 19.1 and 19.65 in exercise group after 3 months. The mean vital capacity Original Research Article

Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 2021

Background: low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders which are hig... more Background: low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders which are highly prevalent among the general population. Management of this disorder includes numerous interventions which depend on severity of pain. Laser therapy is a non-invasive method to help reduce musculoskeletal disorders like chronic low back pain. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy with wavelength 905 nm & 808 nm. Method: The participants received low level laser therapy with wavelength 905 nm & 808 nm once a day for 15 days. Stretching, strengthening and core exercise are also encouraged on the same days to improve the lower back mobility and stability. Conclusion: The comparison of pain shows an average improvement of 3.20 ± 0.99 and 2.26 ± 0.44 and disability shows an average improvement of 10.67 ± 5.48 and 10.22 ± 4.72 in 905 nm & 808 nm respectively. The findings show that, after 15 treatment sessions, Laser therapy with 905 nm & 808 nm are effective for chronic low back pain. But 905 nm LLLT had a better clinical implication than 808 nm LLLT.

Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021

Aim: To find out the effect of Russian currents followed by exercises in diastasis recti postpart... more Aim: To find out the effect of Russian currents followed by exercises in diastasis recti postpartum. Materials and methods: A single case study was done by fulfilled inclusion criteria. Inter-recti distance (IRD) was assessed by dial caliper and waist-hip circumference by inch tape. Russian current was given for 30 minutes/day with a duty cycle of 20 seconds on period and 40 seconds off period for 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Exercises given are isometric contraction of abdominal muscle and Noble's correction exercise of 30 minutes/day for 5 days/week for every 6 weeks. Results: The study shows IRD reduction of 1.4 cm above the umbilicus, 1.3 cm at the level of the umbilicus, and 1.3 cm below the level of the umbilicus. Conclusion: The present study opens a wide scope to practice Russian currents for reducing IRD along with exercises for the postpartum period. Clinical significance: Russian currents can be introduced to the postpartum physiotherapy management along with exercises as it is giving more amount of feedback to the clients.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Postural instability leads to balance dysfunction in stroke subjects, which always in... more Background: Postural instability leads to balance dysfunction in stroke subjects, which always increase the risk of fall. This study aimed to compare the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and core muscle strengthening on trunk balance following stroke. Methods: Forty five stroke subjects were participated and assigned randomly into three groups; all groups received standard rehabilitation program; and core group received additional core strengthening, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group received added electrical stimulation over paraspinal region and combination group received core muscle strengthening and NMES along with standard rehabilitation protocol. After four weeks of the interventions, primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated. Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and Barthel Index (BI) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: All the three (core MS, NMES and combination) groups showed significant improvement after the intervention (

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury involving the origin of common extensor te... more Background: Lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury involving the origin of common extensor tendon at elbow joint. Among the college students there is more complaint on wrist and elbow. Objective was to find out the incidence of tennis elbow & grip strength among the students during the entire academic year. Methods: Three hundred and seventy subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria with age respondents between seventeen to twenty four years. This study is done in those students who have local tenderness on palpation over the lateral epicondyle (grade 2). NPRS was used for measuring the pain intensity. Mill's test and Cozen's test was performed to confirm the tennis elbow. The subject is asked to squeeze the dynamometer three times with left and right hand respectively. There was one minute resting period between each squeeze were taken into account. Results: The incidence of confirmed tennis elbow was 4.05% & 2.70% in right and left respectively. Among those participants Mill's test was positive in 16.2% on right and left side and Cozen's test was positive in 8.1% on right side and 5.4% on left side. The mean rank of left and right grip strength for the students who are confirmed as tennis elbow were 52.75 Kg and 50.67 Kg and for not-confirmed were 36.56 Kg and 36.41 Kg respectively. Conclusions: The study concluded that 6.7% incidence rate of tennis elbow was observed in college students during the entire academic year. And also concluded there is no much significance correlation between grip strength and tennis elbow incidence rate.

Journal of Reserach in Medical and Dental Science, 2020

Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining techn... more Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining technique for histology and histopathology sections. Though hematoxylin is a natural dye, eosin is synthetic dye manufactured from chemicals. Eosin acts as a counterstain to hematoxylin giving sharp contrast to its blue colour. Eosin being a chemical can cause health hazards and environmental pollution. Using ecofriendly materials and going organic is the demand of this era. The present study was conducted to evaluate the staining qualities of Curcumin longa(turmeric) a natural substitute of eosin and the results of Hematoxylin and curcumin (H & C)was compared with Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E). Methods: The study was conducted in the Histopathology lab of a tertiary health care centre in South India after getting Institutional Ethical Committee Clearance. For each staining method 100 sections were prepared from 20 collagen tissues, 20 epithelial tissues, 20 smooth muscle tissues, 20 bony tissues and 20 adipose tissues. The staining qualities were assessed by an experienced pathologist and the results were scored as excellent, good and poor. After entering the scores in Microsoft excel, the results were statistically analyzed. Results: H and C staining gave comparable results with H and E staining in all the five types of tissue sections studied (p value<0.05) with intense affinity on collagen and muscle fibres. Interpretation and conclusions: Curcumin is a safer and cheaper alternative to Eosin stain in histology and histopathology sections.

International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2019

Intervertebral discs contribute one fourth of the total vertebral column height. IVD allow the mo... more Intervertebral discs contribute one fourth of the total vertebral column height. IVD allow the movement between vertebral bodies and transmit the forces and the basis for locomotion .When the axial compression is greater than interstitial osmotic pressure ,water extrude through the disc wall and result in decrease in the height and total body height .During day ,due to constant force of gravity and muscular activity. This study was to find out whether low intensity exercise reduces vertebral column height. The low intensity exercise was 20 min jogging in the ground. The C7 and S2 spinous process were palpated and marked with a dot on the skin over the middle of the spinous process of 20 asymptomatic subjects of age group 18-21. It was measured before running and recorded vertebral column height. The subjects were allowed to run for 20 minutes in low intensity. Following the run, the subjects were aligned to palpate the C7 and S2 spinous process and the second vertebral column height measurement was taken. Height of the subject also measured prior and after the exercises by using stadiometer. This study shows that there is significant height difference (p<0.05) and also significant change in Vertebral Column Height / Trunk height (P = 0.004) after low intensity exercise. This study concludes that there is statistically significant reduction in vertebral column height after low intensity exercises, which have a high clinical relevance.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2019

Background: Alcoholism is a broad form for problems with alcohol and is generally used to mean co... more Background: Alcoholism is a broad form for problems with alcohol and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the determinant of drinker's health, personal relationships and social standing. It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness. Alcohol has numerous adverse effects on the various types of blood cells and their functions. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in alcoholic patients admitted in tertiary care hospital. Methods: The blood samples were collected from alcoholics admitted in a psychiatric and rehabilitation centre and the samples were processed in hematology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital. The hematological parameters (CBC) except ESR, were performed by using fully automated blood cell counters. The change in alcoholics was studied under two categories-social drinkers and problem drinkers. The results of these parameters were compared with age and sex matched normal population. Results: Total 200 cases included in which 110 were abstainers and 90 were alcoholics. Among alcoholics 67% were problem drinkers and 33% were social drinkers. The mean values of Hb, RBC and MCV in social drinkers were 11.1 g/dl, 3.1 million cells /μl and 100.5 fl, in problem drinkers were 9.8 g/dl, 2.89 million cells /μl and 105.5 fl, and in control population were 14.8 g/dl, 4.8 million cells / μl and 93 fl respectively. Conclusions: The study shown that parameters were changed in both social drinkers and problem drinkers. But predominant changes were observed in problem drinkers. The presence of elevated MCV and decreased RBC and Hb are suggestive of megaloblastic changes.

Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 2018

Back ground:-COPD causes a multiple musculoskeletal changes. Even though the root cause of the ch... more Back ground:-COPD causes a multiple musculoskeletal changes. Even though the root cause of the changes is traced to filled alveoli and interstitial lung space consolidation, the associated musculoskeletal changes is recently blamed for much of patient's symptoms like dyspnoea and reduced chest movements. Osteopathic manual therapy consists of a set of techniques which aims to correct the musculoskeletal abnormalities. The effect of OMT in chest expansion in COPD is studied much but explored less. Many studies on this area lacked in less sample size and unclear set of techniques used under OMT. The primary aim of the study is to find out the effectiveness of osteopathic manual therapy in chest expansion of patients suffering with COPD. Methodology:-105 males of age group 45 to 70 years who had at least a year history of COPD were divided in to two groups. One group was given osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) technique (65nos) and the other group received conventional exercises (40nos). Chest expansion was measured using a cloth tape at axillary, nipple and xiphisternal levels. The measurement is repeated after 30 minutes and 24 hour of sessions. Results:-The values obtained were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxson signed rank test. The chest expansion was better in both groups compared to pre readings. OMT group showed better improvements than conventional one at axillary and 4 th intercostal levels. The conventional group had better results at xiphisternal level measurement. Conclusion:-Osteopathic manual therapy technique is found to be effective in improving chest expansion for patients suffering from COPD.

International Journal of Medical Science and Current Research, 2018

Background and objective: Lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow) is a pathological state of the wr... more Background and objective: Lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow) is a pathological state of the wrist extensor muscles at their origin on the lateral humeral epicondyle. It is a musculoskeletal pain dysfunction typically due to excessive quick, monotonous, repetitive eccentric contractions and gripping activities of the wrist. The study aims in comparing the effectiveness of Mc Connell's diamond Taping Technique along with concentric and eccentric strength training for wrist extensors and sham taping along with concentric and eccentric strength training for wrist extensors in reducing pain and to improving grip strength in patients with lateral epicondylalgia. Design: Double blinded comparative study Materials and methods: 30 patients with sub-acute lateral epicondylalgia are included in the study. They are randomly divided into two different groups. Group A: 15 (Subjects receiving Mc Connell's diamond taping technique along with concentric and eccentric strength training of wrist extensors) and Group B:15(Subjects receiving sham taping and along With concentric and eccentric strength training of wrist extensors) Results: There was a significant decrease in pain and improvement in hand function and grip strength (p < 0.001) in patients with lateral epicondylalgia who received McConnell's taping with Concentric and Eccentric Strength Training of wrist extensors when comparing with patients who received sham tapping Concentric and Eccentric Strength Training of wrist extensors..

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2018

Balance deficits in stroke patients are common due to the reduction in multisystem functions. Tas... more Balance deficits in stroke patients are common due to the reduction in multisystem functions. Task oriented training on unstable surface and visual deprived balance training are used to treat balance deficits. Aim and objective was to compare the effects of unstable surface task oriented training and visual deprived training on improving balance and mobility. 160 subjects selected using simple random sampling equally divided into two groups. 80 subjects in group one treated with unstable surface balance training using swiss ball and wobble board and another group with 80 subjects were treated with task oriented training by masked vision. Both groups were treated six days in a week for two consecutive months. Balance was assessed using Berg Balance Scale and functional status was assessed using Katz Index on the first day and two month after treatment. In this present study it was found that there was a significant increase in BBS score and functional mobility in subjects who performed task oriented exercises on unstable surface. As similar significant improvement was also found on subjects who performed task oriented exercises by masked vision. Both task oriented training on unstable surface and task oriented training by masked vision can be used for balance and functional mobility training in the management of individuals with post stroke hemiparesis.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2018

Background: The roles of physiotherapists in managing the chronic and acute pain in musculoskelet... more Background: The roles of physiotherapists in managing the chronic and acute pain in musculoskeletal (Msk) conditions are inevitable now days. Physiotherapists work across the time period aiding patients with their pain in medical care settings with the aim of decreasing pain, rising quality of life wherever attainable and preventing acute and sub-acute painful conditions developing into chronic pain. Dry needling, an invasive technique in the hand of Physios is a new trend in managing acute and chronic pain. Purpose of the study is to identify the immediate and delayed response of pain and presence of soreness after the dry needling in common Msk conditions which can be managed in association with other conventional physical therapy techniques. Objective was to find out the immediate and delayed effects of dry needling over pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study was carried out in the department of physiotherapy, Malabar medical college hospital and research centre. Patient was prepared and identified the extreme tender point over the muscle affected and needle removed after 3-5 twitch response elicited. Sterility of the treatment area and needle was well maintained. Prior to the treatment again confirmed with the NPRS score and procedure was done. After few seconds of insertion of needle subjects NPRS score assessed. After removal of needling pain score was assessed after 5 mins, 30 mins, 1 hour and after one day. Results: Study showed a marked reduction in pain after dry needling at each intervals and this suggesting promoting dry needling as an adjunct to pain relief technique in physiotherapy. Conclusions: Dry needling is effective over pain in musculoskeletal disorders.

International Journal of Information Research and Review, 2018

Background: Flat foot or pes planus is one of the main postural deformities. The arch provides an... more Background: Flat foot or pes planus is one of the main postural deformities. The arch provides an elastic springy, connection between fore foot and hind foot. The varying lifestyles and food habits has created an ongoing epidemic of obesity in children and adults, and it has highlighted the importance body fat for short term and long term health. The foot print of an obese person looks like a flatfoot print due to the accumulation of fat under the medial longitudinal arch. This gives an impression of pes planus irrespective of navicular position. Thus this study aims to find out whether the navicular bone actually drops according to the BMI. Methodology: The study was done on college a student aging from 18-22, navicular height, Arch index and BMI was calculated by measuring height and weight and the navicular height was measured using measuring scale in standing position. Result: Out of 132 participants including male and female were found to have flat foot. The mean age, BMI, navicular height left & right were 18.86±1.08, 20.84±3.37, 4.24±0.7, 4.38±0.7 respectively. We found BMI is having negative correlation with navicular height. Conclusion: This study reveals that navicular height drops as BMI increases.

Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 2020

Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining techn... more Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining technique for histology and histopathology sections. Though hematoxylin is a natural dye, eosin is synthetic dye manufactured from chemicals. Eosin acts as a counterstain to hematoxylin giving sharp contrast to its blue colour. Eosin being a chemical can cause health hazards and environmental pollution. Using ecofriendly materials and going organic is the demand of this era. The present study was conducted to evaluate the staining qualities of Curcumin longa(turmeric) a natural substitute of eosin and the results of Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H and E) was compared with Hematoxylin and Curcumin(H and C) stain. Methods: The study was conducted in the Histopathology lab of a tertiary health care centre in South India after getting Institutional Ethical Committee Clearance. For each staining method 100 sections were prepared from 20 collagen tissues, 20 epithelial tissues, 20 smooth muscle tissues, 20 bony tissues and 20 adipose tissues. The staining qualities were assessed by an experienced pathologist and the results were scored as excellent, good and poor. After entering the scores in Microsoft excel, the results were statistically analyzed. Results: H and C staining gave comparable results with H and E staining in all the five types of tissue sections studied (p value<0.05) with intense affinity on collagen and muscle fibres. Interpretation and conclusions: Curcumin is a safer and cheaper alternative to Eosin stain in histology and histopathology sections.

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, Apr 21, 2023

Background & Objective: Higher mental function is a common complain of patients dealing with stro... more Background & Objective: Higher mental function is a common complain of patients dealing with stroke and potentially affect ability to complete functional activities. Cognitive rehabilitation programmes either attempt to retrain lost or poor memory functions, or teach patients strategies to cope with them. To review the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation interventions for patients with poststroke in cognitive impairment. Design: Literature review Conclusion: The study concluded that the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on higher mental function is effective in patients after diagnosed with stroke and significant positive impacts were seen in individuals with cognitive function such as planning, memory, execution etc.

Medical Science, 2022

Background and Aim: Diabetic neuropathy increases with the duration of diabetes and also poor gly... more Background and Aim: Diabetic neuropathy increases with the duration of diabetes and also poor glycemic control fasten the disability associated with neuropathy. This leads to a change in the nerve excitation and action potential propagation. Rheobase and Chronaxie values from SD curve give the excitability of the nerve. This study aims to find the peripheral nerve excitability by using Rheobase and Chronaxie values based on the neuropathy status of T2DM subjects. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 213 subjects including 141 T2DM subjects and 72 nondiabetic subjects. T2DM subjects were classified into two groups based on the duration of diabetes (< 10 years & >10 years). All subjects nerve excitability from proximal and distal muscle groups by using Rheobase and Chronaxie value obtained from SD curve. Results: This study shows that 33.8% of T2DM with < 10 years and 68.60% of T2DM with > 10 years having neuropathy. In all the groups both Rheobase and Chronaxie, values show statistically significant differences (p<0.001) in all the muscle groups. The Rheobase and Chronaxie values were higher in T2DM with > 10 years followed by T2DM with < 10 year and Non diabetic group. Conclusion: Our study states that Rheobase and Chronaxie values are higher in T2DM with > 10 years and also failed to prove a statistically significant difference between neuropathic and non-neuropathic TDM in nerve excitabilities based on the duration of diabetes.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2022

Sensory symptoms and deficits are frequently observed in diabetic polyneuropathy, but motor defic... more Sensory symptoms and deficits are frequently observed in diabetic polyneuropathy, but motor deficits are more difficult to recognise or often neglected. As a part of a rehabilitation team, we observed altered muscle strength in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in relation to neuropathy. Weakness in muscles in DM has significant effects on patient's daily living activities.
Aim: To find the relationship of muscle strength in diabetes subjects characterised by microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy associated) and biochemical measurements.
Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India for a period of nine months from February 2020 to November 2020. Study included 72 T2DM subjects (n=36) and controls (n=36) with age <75 years, with a diabetic history ≥5 years. By using standard laboratory methods, biochemical measurements were taken, which included Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level, Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatine, serum insulin, C-peptide and albumin excretion rate. The retinal status of the diabetic subjects were classified as normal, non proliferative and proliferative retinopathy, renal status classified as incipient and overt nephropathy and neuropathy as asymptomatic and symptomatic by ophthalmologist, nephrologist and neurologist respectively. Muscle strength of the upper extremities and lower extremities were measured by using hand-held dynamometer (Baseline® LiTE®).
Results: Out of total 72 subjects, the mean age of diabetic and non diabetic group was 55.69±5.50 years and 55.91±5.21 years, respectively. In diabetic subjects, the median value of serum creatine was 1.04 mg/dL , FBS was 171 mg/dL, HbA1c was 9.1%,serum insulin was 24.62 mU/L, C-peptide was 1.13 ng/mL and albumin excretion rate was 57.6 mg/24 hours. Approximately, 10.5% reduction was observed at ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of both sides, 7% reduction of knee extension (both side), and right knee flexion, whereas, the left knee shows a marked 10.81% reduction in muscle strength.
Conclusion: Type-2 diabetes subjects have weakness of extensors and flexors of the upper and lower extremity (shoulder and hip strength not assessed in this study) with predominant reduction of muscle strength in the lower limbs.

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2021

Background: Ageing has been associated with multiple medical conditions mainly due to impaired im... more Background: Ageing has been associated with multiple medical conditions mainly due to impaired immune mechanisms and deteriorating physiological reserves such as declining physical health, increased risk for mental and emotional problems, economic constraints, changing roles and changing lifestyles. Chronic psychological and physical illnesses among geriatrics were studied univocally. Hence present study aimed to compare the effect of yoga techniques and conventional exercises. Methods: 40 subjects participated in the form of group therapy based on the selection criteria. Yoga group received yogic Relaxation and pranayama (10 min each) and exercise group received supine rest and diaphragmatic breathing (10 min each) for four days per weeks continued for three months. Outcome measures were evaluated before the intervention and after three months of participation. Results: The Oxygen saturation in yoga group were 96.4±1.39 and 97.05±1.19, and in exercise group 96.7±1.45 and 97.7± 0.73 in pre and post assessment. The breath rates in yoga group were reduced to an average of 19.1 and 19.65 in exercise group after 3 months. The mean vital capacity Original Research Article

Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 2021

Background: low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders which are hig... more Background: low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders which are highly prevalent among the general population. Management of this disorder includes numerous interventions which depend on severity of pain. Laser therapy is a non-invasive method to help reduce musculoskeletal disorders like chronic low back pain. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy with wavelength 905 nm & 808 nm. Method: The participants received low level laser therapy with wavelength 905 nm & 808 nm once a day for 15 days. Stretching, strengthening and core exercise are also encouraged on the same days to improve the lower back mobility and stability. Conclusion: The comparison of pain shows an average improvement of 3.20 ± 0.99 and 2.26 ± 0.44 and disability shows an average improvement of 10.67 ± 5.48 and 10.22 ± 4.72 in 905 nm & 808 nm respectively. The findings show that, after 15 treatment sessions, Laser therapy with 905 nm & 808 nm are effective for chronic low back pain. But 905 nm LLLT had a better clinical implication than 808 nm LLLT.

Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021

Aim: To find out the effect of Russian currents followed by exercises in diastasis recti postpart... more Aim: To find out the effect of Russian currents followed by exercises in diastasis recti postpartum. Materials and methods: A single case study was done by fulfilled inclusion criteria. Inter-recti distance (IRD) was assessed by dial caliper and waist-hip circumference by inch tape. Russian current was given for 30 minutes/day with a duty cycle of 20 seconds on period and 40 seconds off period for 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Exercises given are isometric contraction of abdominal muscle and Noble's correction exercise of 30 minutes/day for 5 days/week for every 6 weeks. Results: The study shows IRD reduction of 1.4 cm above the umbilicus, 1.3 cm at the level of the umbilicus, and 1.3 cm below the level of the umbilicus. Conclusion: The present study opens a wide scope to practice Russian currents for reducing IRD along with exercises for the postpartum period. Clinical significance: Russian currents can be introduced to the postpartum physiotherapy management along with exercises as it is giving more amount of feedback to the clients.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Postural instability leads to balance dysfunction in stroke subjects, which always in... more Background: Postural instability leads to balance dysfunction in stroke subjects, which always increase the risk of fall. This study aimed to compare the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and core muscle strengthening on trunk balance following stroke. Methods: Forty five stroke subjects were participated and assigned randomly into three groups; all groups received standard rehabilitation program; and core group received additional core strengthening, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group received added electrical stimulation over paraspinal region and combination group received core muscle strengthening and NMES along with standard rehabilitation protocol. After four weeks of the interventions, primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated. Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and Barthel Index (BI) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: All the three (core MS, NMES and combination) groups showed significant improvement after the intervention (

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2021

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury involving the origin of common extensor te... more Background: Lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury involving the origin of common extensor tendon at elbow joint. Among the college students there is more complaint on wrist and elbow. Objective was to find out the incidence of tennis elbow & grip strength among the students during the entire academic year. Methods: Three hundred and seventy subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria with age respondents between seventeen to twenty four years. This study is done in those students who have local tenderness on palpation over the lateral epicondyle (grade 2). NPRS was used for measuring the pain intensity. Mill's test and Cozen's test was performed to confirm the tennis elbow. The subject is asked to squeeze the dynamometer three times with left and right hand respectively. There was one minute resting period between each squeeze were taken into account. Results: The incidence of confirmed tennis elbow was 4.05% & 2.70% in right and left respectively. Among those participants Mill's test was positive in 16.2% on right and left side and Cozen's test was positive in 8.1% on right side and 5.4% on left side. The mean rank of left and right grip strength for the students who are confirmed as tennis elbow were 52.75 Kg and 50.67 Kg and for not-confirmed were 36.56 Kg and 36.41 Kg respectively. Conclusions: The study concluded that 6.7% incidence rate of tennis elbow was observed in college students during the entire academic year. And also concluded there is no much significance correlation between grip strength and tennis elbow incidence rate.

Journal of Reserach in Medical and Dental Science, 2020

Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining techn... more Background and objectives: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining is the globally accepted staining technique for histology and histopathology sections. Though hematoxylin is a natural dye, eosin is synthetic dye manufactured from chemicals. Eosin acts as a counterstain to hematoxylin giving sharp contrast to its blue colour. Eosin being a chemical can cause health hazards and environmental pollution. Using ecofriendly materials and going organic is the demand of this era. The present study was conducted to evaluate the staining qualities of Curcumin longa(turmeric) a natural substitute of eosin and the results of Hematoxylin and curcumin (H & C)was compared with Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E). Methods: The study was conducted in the Histopathology lab of a tertiary health care centre in South India after getting Institutional Ethical Committee Clearance. For each staining method 100 sections were prepared from 20 collagen tissues, 20 epithelial tissues, 20 smooth muscle tissues, 20 bony tissues and 20 adipose tissues. The staining qualities were assessed by an experienced pathologist and the results were scored as excellent, good and poor. After entering the scores in Microsoft excel, the results were statistically analyzed. Results: H and C staining gave comparable results with H and E staining in all the five types of tissue sections studied (p value<0.05) with intense affinity on collagen and muscle fibres. Interpretation and conclusions: Curcumin is a safer and cheaper alternative to Eosin stain in histology and histopathology sections.

International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2019

Intervertebral discs contribute one fourth of the total vertebral column height. IVD allow the mo... more Intervertebral discs contribute one fourth of the total vertebral column height. IVD allow the movement between vertebral bodies and transmit the forces and the basis for locomotion .When the axial compression is greater than interstitial osmotic pressure ,water extrude through the disc wall and result in decrease in the height and total body height .During day ,due to constant force of gravity and muscular activity. This study was to find out whether low intensity exercise reduces vertebral column height. The low intensity exercise was 20 min jogging in the ground. The C7 and S2 spinous process were palpated and marked with a dot on the skin over the middle of the spinous process of 20 asymptomatic subjects of age group 18-21. It was measured before running and recorded vertebral column height. The subjects were allowed to run for 20 minutes in low intensity. Following the run, the subjects were aligned to palpate the C7 and S2 spinous process and the second vertebral column height measurement was taken. Height of the subject also measured prior and after the exercises by using stadiometer. This study shows that there is significant height difference (p<0.05) and also significant change in Vertebral Column Height / Trunk height (P = 0.004) after low intensity exercise. This study concludes that there is statistically significant reduction in vertebral column height after low intensity exercises, which have a high clinical relevance.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2019

Background: Alcoholism is a broad form for problems with alcohol and is generally used to mean co... more Background: Alcoholism is a broad form for problems with alcohol and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the determinant of drinker's health, personal relationships and social standing. It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness. Alcohol has numerous adverse effects on the various types of blood cells and their functions. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in alcoholic patients admitted in tertiary care hospital. Methods: The blood samples were collected from alcoholics admitted in a psychiatric and rehabilitation centre and the samples were processed in hematology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital. The hematological parameters (CBC) except ESR, were performed by using fully automated blood cell counters. The change in alcoholics was studied under two categories-social drinkers and problem drinkers. The results of these parameters were compared with age and sex matched normal population. Results: Total 200 cases included in which 110 were abstainers and 90 were alcoholics. Among alcoholics 67% were problem drinkers and 33% were social drinkers. The mean values of Hb, RBC and MCV in social drinkers were 11.1 g/dl, 3.1 million cells /μl and 100.5 fl, in problem drinkers were 9.8 g/dl, 2.89 million cells /μl and 105.5 fl, and in control population were 14.8 g/dl, 4.8 million cells / μl and 93 fl respectively. Conclusions: The study shown that parameters were changed in both social drinkers and problem drinkers. But predominant changes were observed in problem drinkers. The presence of elevated MCV and decreased RBC and Hb are suggestive of megaloblastic changes.

Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 2018

Back ground:-COPD causes a multiple musculoskeletal changes. Even though the root cause of the ch... more Back ground:-COPD causes a multiple musculoskeletal changes. Even though the root cause of the changes is traced to filled alveoli and interstitial lung space consolidation, the associated musculoskeletal changes is recently blamed for much of patient's symptoms like dyspnoea and reduced chest movements. Osteopathic manual therapy consists of a set of techniques which aims to correct the musculoskeletal abnormalities. The effect of OMT in chest expansion in COPD is studied much but explored less. Many studies on this area lacked in less sample size and unclear set of techniques used under OMT. The primary aim of the study is to find out the effectiveness of osteopathic manual therapy in chest expansion of patients suffering with COPD. Methodology:-105 males of age group 45 to 70 years who had at least a year history of COPD were divided in to two groups. One group was given osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) technique (65nos) and the other group received conventional exercises (40nos). Chest expansion was measured using a cloth tape at axillary, nipple and xiphisternal levels. The measurement is repeated after 30 minutes and 24 hour of sessions. Results:-The values obtained were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxson signed rank test. The chest expansion was better in both groups compared to pre readings. OMT group showed better improvements than conventional one at axillary and 4 th intercostal levels. The conventional group had better results at xiphisternal level measurement. Conclusion:-Osteopathic manual therapy technique is found to be effective in improving chest expansion for patients suffering from COPD.

International Journal of Medical Science and Current Research, 2018

Background and objective: Lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow) is a pathological state of the wr... more Background and objective: Lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow) is a pathological state of the wrist extensor muscles at their origin on the lateral humeral epicondyle. It is a musculoskeletal pain dysfunction typically due to excessive quick, monotonous, repetitive eccentric contractions and gripping activities of the wrist. The study aims in comparing the effectiveness of Mc Connell's diamond Taping Technique along with concentric and eccentric strength training for wrist extensors and sham taping along with concentric and eccentric strength training for wrist extensors in reducing pain and to improving grip strength in patients with lateral epicondylalgia. Design: Double blinded comparative study Materials and methods: 30 patients with sub-acute lateral epicondylalgia are included in the study. They are randomly divided into two different groups. Group A: 15 (Subjects receiving Mc Connell's diamond taping technique along with concentric and eccentric strength training of wrist extensors) and Group B:15(Subjects receiving sham taping and along With concentric and eccentric strength training of wrist extensors) Results: There was a significant decrease in pain and improvement in hand function and grip strength (p < 0.001) in patients with lateral epicondylalgia who received McConnell's taping with Concentric and Eccentric Strength Training of wrist extensors when comparing with patients who received sham tapping Concentric and Eccentric Strength Training of wrist extensors..

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2018

Balance deficits in stroke patients are common due to the reduction in multisystem functions. Tas... more Balance deficits in stroke patients are common due to the reduction in multisystem functions. Task oriented training on unstable surface and visual deprived balance training are used to treat balance deficits. Aim and objective was to compare the effects of unstable surface task oriented training and visual deprived training on improving balance and mobility. 160 subjects selected using simple random sampling equally divided into two groups. 80 subjects in group one treated with unstable surface balance training using swiss ball and wobble board and another group with 80 subjects were treated with task oriented training by masked vision. Both groups were treated six days in a week for two consecutive months. Balance was assessed using Berg Balance Scale and functional status was assessed using Katz Index on the first day and two month after treatment. In this present study it was found that there was a significant increase in BBS score and functional mobility in subjects who performed task oriented exercises on unstable surface. As similar significant improvement was also found on subjects who performed task oriented exercises by masked vision. Both task oriented training on unstable surface and task oriented training by masked vision can be used for balance and functional mobility training in the management of individuals with post stroke hemiparesis.

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2018

Background: The roles of physiotherapists in managing the chronic and acute pain in musculoskelet... more Background: The roles of physiotherapists in managing the chronic and acute pain in musculoskeletal (Msk) conditions are inevitable now days. Physiotherapists work across the time period aiding patients with their pain in medical care settings with the aim of decreasing pain, rising quality of life wherever attainable and preventing acute and sub-acute painful conditions developing into chronic pain. Dry needling, an invasive technique in the hand of Physios is a new trend in managing acute and chronic pain. Purpose of the study is to identify the immediate and delayed response of pain and presence of soreness after the dry needling in common Msk conditions which can be managed in association with other conventional physical therapy techniques. Objective was to find out the immediate and delayed effects of dry needling over pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study was carried out in the department of physiotherapy, Malabar medical college hospital and research centre. Patient was prepared and identified the extreme tender point over the muscle affected and needle removed after 3-5 twitch response elicited. Sterility of the treatment area and needle was well maintained. Prior to the treatment again confirmed with the NPRS score and procedure was done. After few seconds of insertion of needle subjects NPRS score assessed. After removal of needling pain score was assessed after 5 mins, 30 mins, 1 hour and after one day. Results: Study showed a marked reduction in pain after dry needling at each intervals and this suggesting promoting dry needling as an adjunct to pain relief technique in physiotherapy. Conclusions: Dry needling is effective over pain in musculoskeletal disorders.

International Journal of Information Research and Review, 2018

Background: Flat foot or pes planus is one of the main postural deformities. The arch provides an... more Background: Flat foot or pes planus is one of the main postural deformities. The arch provides an elastic springy, connection between fore foot and hind foot. The varying lifestyles and food habits has created an ongoing epidemic of obesity in children and adults, and it has highlighted the importance body fat for short term and long term health. The foot print of an obese person looks like a flatfoot print due to the accumulation of fat under the medial longitudinal arch. This gives an impression of pes planus irrespective of navicular position. Thus this study aims to find out whether the navicular bone actually drops according to the BMI. Methodology: The study was done on college a student aging from 18-22, navicular height, Arch index and BMI was calculated by measuring height and weight and the navicular height was measured using measuring scale in standing position. Result: Out of 132 participants including male and female were found to have flat foot. The mean age, BMI, navicular height left & right were 18.86±1.08, 20.84±3.37, 4.24±0.7, 4.38±0.7 respectively. We found BMI is having negative correlation with navicular height. Conclusion: This study reveals that navicular height drops as BMI increases.