Charles Bachmann | Rochester Institute of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Charles Bachmann

Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength dependence of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands

Applied Optics, 2015

The wavelength dependence of the dominant directional reflective properties of beach sands was de... more The wavelength dependence of the dominant directional reflective properties of beach sands was demonstrated using principal component analysis and the related correlation matrix. In general, we found that the hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands has weak wavelength dependence. Its BRDF varies slightly in three broad wavelength regions. The variations are more evident in surfaces of greater visual roughness than in smooth surfaces. The weak wavelength dependence of the BRDF of beach sand can be captured using three broad wavelength regions instead of hundreds of individual wavelengths.

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Research paper thumbnail of How many spectral bands are necessary to describe the directional reflectance of beach sands?

SPIE Proceedings - Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII XXII, 2016

Spectral variability in the visible, near-infrared and shortwave directional reflectance factor of... more Spectral variability in the visible, near-infrared and shortwave directional reflectance factor of beach sands and freshwater sheet flow is examined using principal component and correlation matrix analysis of in situ measurements. In previous work we concluded that the hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands in the absence of sheet flow exhibit weak spectral variability, the majority of which can be described with three broad spectral bands with wavelength ranges of 350-450 nm, 700-1350 nm, and 1450-2400 nm. Observing sheet flow on sand we find that a thin layer of water enhances reflectance in the specular direction at all wavelengths and that spectral variability may be described using four spectral band regions of 350-450 nm, 500-950 nm, 950-1350 nm, and 1450-2400 nm. Spectral variations are more evident in sand surfaces of greater visual roughness than in smooth surfaces, regardless of sheet flow.

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Research paper thumbnail of Coastal characterization from hyperspectral imagery: An intercomparison of retrieval properties from three coast types

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Mariana Islands-Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Environmental Sensing Experiment 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Coastal Characterization from Hyperspectral Imagery

Imaging and Applied Optics Congress, 2010

... Naval Research Laboratory, Remote Sensing Division, Coastal Science and Interpretation Sectio... more ... Naval Research Laboratory, Remote Sensing Division, Coastal Science and Interpretation Section, Code 7232, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20375; bachmann@nrl.navy.mil ... mangroves, shrubs, coral, algae, SAVs Dominance Type sand, shell hash, silt, clay ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Mixtures of projection pursuit models: an automated approach to land cover classification in Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery

Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium, 1999

Unsupervised projection pursuit methods and principal component analysis are compared for extract... more Unsupervised projection pursuit methods and principal component analysis are compared for extraction of features from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. On sequestered test data, PP projections improved separation of individual categories from all other categories; improvement ranged from a few percent to as much as ≈22%. End-to-end classification of land-cover, combining these features with supervised classifiers, is also described. For sequestered

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Research paper thumbnail of Modeling and Estimation of Sediment Density from Hyperspectral BRDF

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Research paper thumbnail of Geodatabase development to support hyperspectral imagery exploitation

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Very Shallow Water Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign

IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Optical Remote Sensing of the Environment (ORS)

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Research paper thumbnail of Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery during the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR’07) Multi-Sensor Campaign

Marine Geodesy, 2010

Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) derived from remote sensing can delineate surface prop-erties of subs... more Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) derived from remote sensing can delineate surface prop-erties of substrates such as type, moisture, and grain size. These are critical parameters that determine the substrate bearing strength. Although HSI only sees the surface layer, statistics can be ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery in the Very Shallow Water Limit: A Case Study from the 2007 Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign

Marine Geodesy, 2010

... Alan Weidemann c , Wesley Goode c , C. Reid Nichols d , Patrick Woodward d , Kevin McIlhany e... more ... Alan Weidemann c , Wesley Goode c , C. Reid Nichols d , Patrick Woodward d , Kevin McIlhany e , Victoria Hill f , Richard Zimmerman f , Daniel ... com) InGaAs SWIR HSI sensor operating in the 0.9–1.7 μm spectral region; and a single-channel Indigo Systems Merlin midwave IR ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Improving the performance of classifiers in high-dimensional remote sensing applications: an adaptive resampling strategy for error-prone exemplars (ARESEPE)

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003

... Index Terms—Active learning, active sampling, barrier islands, hyperspectral, land-cover clas... more ... Index Terms—Active learning, active sampling, barrier islands, hyperspectral, land-cover classification, Virginia Coast Reserve. ... A number of the previous approaches to active learning are also slow, especially for high-dimensional applications such as hyperspectral imagery. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Field Expedient Water Level Measurements to Support the Exploitation of Hyperspectral Imagery

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Research paper thumbnail of The effects of atmospheric correction schemes on the hyperspectral imaging of littoral environments

We investigate the effects of several atmospheric correction schemes (ACS) on spectral determinat... more We investigate the effects of several atmospheric correction schemes (ACS) on spectral determination, biophysical parameter estimation, and unsupervised classification from hyperspectral data collected over a coastal New Jersey tidal marsh. The ACS examined include: two modes from ACORN 4.0 (modes 1.0 and 1.5), ATREM, FLAASH, Tafkaa-6S, and Tafkaa-tabular. Results from the comparative analysis of derived spectra reveal a high degree of similarity for all methods for terrestrial derived spectra but considerably less so for spectra obtained from aquatic environments. Likewise, the similarities in the terrestrial spectra translate to significant correlations among the ACS for two of four computed biophysical reflectance indices (NDVI and Red Edge Wavelength). Of the remaining two indices, PRI and SIPI, computed values from both ACORN modes were not correlated with other ACS. Results from ISODATA classification for land and water environments, show a consistently high level of agreement...

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Research paper thumbnail of NRL Hyperspectral Imagery Trafficability Tool (HITT): Software and Spectral-Geotechnical Look-up Tables for Estimation and Mapping of Soil Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery

This report provides details of a new hyperspectral exploitation tool for developing trafficabili... more This report provides details of a new hyperspectral exploitation tool for developing trafficability special maps from hyperspectral imagery. This new tool, known as the NRL Hyperspectral Imagery Trafficability Tool (HITT), is packaged as a plug-in to the commercial software package ENVI/IDL. HITT is one of several tools being developed and validated by NRL to support coastal characterization from spectral region imagery. This report provides a step-by-step description of the operation of HITT, working through specific examples that begin with a hyperspectral data cube and end with a special map of estimated trafficability in a coastal region. The basis of this new product is a set of spectral-geotechnical libraries and models developed during remote sensing and calibration/validation campaigns conducted by NRL and collaborating institutions in four different coastal types.

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Research paper thumbnail of Automated Estimation of Spectral Neighborhood Size in Manifold Coordinate Representations of Hyperspectral Imagery: Implications for Anomaly Finding, Bathymetry Retrieval, and Land Applications

IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Manifold coordinate representations of hyperspectral imagery: Improvements in algorithm performance and computational efficiency

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of A New Data-Driven Approach to Modeling Coastal Bathymetry from Hyperspectral Imagery Using Manifold Coordinates

Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE, 2005

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Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Coastal Waters from Hyperspectral Imagery using Manifold Coordinates

2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of Wavelength dependence of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands

Applied Optics, 2015

The wavelength dependence of the dominant directional reflective properties of beach sands was de... more The wavelength dependence of the dominant directional reflective properties of beach sands was demonstrated using principal component analysis and the related correlation matrix. In general, we found that the hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands has weak wavelength dependence. Its BRDF varies slightly in three broad wavelength regions. The variations are more evident in surfaces of greater visual roughness than in smooth surfaces. The weak wavelength dependence of the BRDF of beach sand can be captured using three broad wavelength regions instead of hundreds of individual wavelengths.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of How many spectral bands are necessary to describe the directional reflectance of beach sands?

SPIE Proceedings - Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII XXII, 2016

Spectral variability in the visible, near-infrared and shortwave directional reflectance factor of... more Spectral variability in the visible, near-infrared and shortwave directional reflectance factor of beach sands and freshwater sheet flow is examined using principal component and correlation matrix analysis of in situ measurements. In previous work we concluded that the hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands in the absence of sheet flow exhibit weak spectral variability, the majority of which can be described with three broad spectral bands with wavelength ranges of 350-450 nm, 700-1350 nm, and 1450-2400 nm. Observing sheet flow on sand we find that a thin layer of water enhances reflectance in the specular direction at all wavelengths and that spectral variability may be described using four spectral band regions of 350-450 nm, 500-950 nm, 950-1350 nm, and 1450-2400 nm. Spectral variations are more evident in sand surfaces of greater visual roughness than in smooth surfaces, regardless of sheet flow.

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Research paper thumbnail of Coastal characterization from hyperspectral imagery: An intercomparison of retrieval properties from three coast types

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Mariana Islands-Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Environmental Sensing Experiment 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Coastal Characterization from Hyperspectral Imagery

Imaging and Applied Optics Congress, 2010

... Naval Research Laboratory, Remote Sensing Division, Coastal Science and Interpretation Sectio... more ... Naval Research Laboratory, Remote Sensing Division, Coastal Science and Interpretation Section, Code 7232, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20375; bachmann@nrl.navy.mil ... mangroves, shrubs, coral, algae, SAVs Dominance Type sand, shell hash, silt, clay ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Mixtures of projection pursuit models: an automated approach to land cover classification in Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery

Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium, 1999

Unsupervised projection pursuit methods and principal component analysis are compared for extract... more Unsupervised projection pursuit methods and principal component analysis are compared for extraction of features from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. On sequestered test data, PP projections improved separation of individual categories from all other categories; improvement ranged from a few percent to as much as ≈22%. End-to-end classification of land-cover, combining these features with supervised classifiers, is also described. For sequestered

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Research paper thumbnail of Modeling and Estimation of Sediment Density from Hyperspectral BRDF

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Geodatabase development to support hyperspectral imagery exploitation

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Very Shallow Water Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign

IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Optical Remote Sensing of the Environment (ORS)

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery during the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR’07) Multi-Sensor Campaign

Marine Geodesy, 2010

Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) derived from remote sensing can delineate surface prop-erties of subs... more Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) derived from remote sensing can delineate surface prop-erties of substrates such as type, moisture, and grain size. These are critical parameters that determine the substrate bearing strength. Although HSI only sees the surface layer, statistics can be ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery in the Very Shallow Water Limit: A Case Study from the 2007 Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign

Marine Geodesy, 2010

... Alan Weidemann c , Wesley Goode c , C. Reid Nichols d , Patrick Woodward d , Kevin McIlhany e... more ... Alan Weidemann c , Wesley Goode c , C. Reid Nichols d , Patrick Woodward d , Kevin McIlhany e , Victoria Hill f , Richard Zimmerman f , Daniel ... com) InGaAs SWIR HSI sensor operating in the 0.9–1.7 μm spectral region; and a single-channel Indigo Systems Merlin midwave IR ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Improving the performance of classifiers in high-dimensional remote sensing applications: an adaptive resampling strategy for error-prone exemplars (ARESEPE)

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003

... Index Terms—Active learning, active sampling, barrier islands, hyperspectral, land-cover clas... more ... Index Terms—Active learning, active sampling, barrier islands, hyperspectral, land-cover classification, Virginia Coast Reserve. ... A number of the previous approaches to active learning are also slow, especially for high-dimensional applications such as hyperspectral imagery. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Field Expedient Water Level Measurements to Support the Exploitation of Hyperspectral Imagery

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of atmospheric correction schemes on the hyperspectral imaging of littoral environments

We investigate the effects of several atmospheric correction schemes (ACS) on spectral determinat... more We investigate the effects of several atmospheric correction schemes (ACS) on spectral determination, biophysical parameter estimation, and unsupervised classification from hyperspectral data collected over a coastal New Jersey tidal marsh. The ACS examined include: two modes from ACORN 4.0 (modes 1.0 and 1.5), ATREM, FLAASH, Tafkaa-6S, and Tafkaa-tabular. Results from the comparative analysis of derived spectra reveal a high degree of similarity for all methods for terrestrial derived spectra but considerably less so for spectra obtained from aquatic environments. Likewise, the similarities in the terrestrial spectra translate to significant correlations among the ACS for two of four computed biophysical reflectance indices (NDVI and Red Edge Wavelength). Of the remaining two indices, PRI and SIPI, computed values from both ACORN modes were not correlated with other ACS. Results from ISODATA classification for land and water environments, show a consistently high level of agreement...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of NRL Hyperspectral Imagery Trafficability Tool (HITT): Software and Spectral-Geotechnical Look-up Tables for Estimation and Mapping of Soil Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery

This report provides details of a new hyperspectral exploitation tool for developing trafficabili... more This report provides details of a new hyperspectral exploitation tool for developing trafficability special maps from hyperspectral imagery. This new tool, known as the NRL Hyperspectral Imagery Trafficability Tool (HITT), is packaged as a plug-in to the commercial software package ENVI/IDL. HITT is one of several tools being developed and validated by NRL to support coastal characterization from spectral region imagery. This report provides a step-by-step description of the operation of HITT, working through specific examples that begin with a hyperspectral data cube and end with a special map of estimated trafficability in a coastal region. The basis of this new product is a set of spectral-geotechnical libraries and models developed during remote sensing and calibration/validation campaigns conducted by NRL and collaborating institutions in four different coastal types.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Automated Estimation of Spectral Neighborhood Size in Manifold Coordinate Representations of Hyperspectral Imagery: Implications for Anomaly Finding, Bathymetry Retrieval, and Land Applications

IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Manifold coordinate representations of hyperspectral imagery: Improvements in algorithm performance and computational efficiency

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A New Data-Driven Approach to Modeling Coastal Bathymetry from Hyperspectral Imagery Using Manifold Coordinates

Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE, 2005

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Coastal Waters from Hyperspectral Imagery using Manifold Coordinates

2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact