Badreldin H . Ali | None (Private) (original) (raw)
Papers by Badreldin H . Ali
Toxicology, 2011
Several epidemiological studies have shown that acute exposure to particulate air pollution is as... more Several epidemiological studies have shown that acute exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and that these effects are especially exacerbated among individuals with pre-existing compromised cardiovascular function such as hypertension. This study was undertaken to determine the cardiovascular effect of diesel exhaust on TO mice made hypertensive by implanting osmotic minipump infusing angiotensin II or vehicle (control). On day 13, the animals were intratracheally instilled with either DEP (15 μg/mouse) or saline. 24 h later, pulmonary exposure to DEP had significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive (HT) mice (P<0.01), but not in normotensive (NT) mice. The number of leukocytes and red blood cells, and the plasma interleukin 6 concentration in plasma, however, were not affected in any of the animals. The PaO₂ was decreased, and PaCO₂ increased in DEP-treated HT mice compared to NT mice treated with DEP (P<0.05). The number of circulating platelets was significantly increased in DEP-treated HT versus saline-treated HT and DEP-treated NT mice. Moreover, in NT mice, DEP exposure induced a prothrombotic effect in pial arterioles compared with saline-treated NT mice (P<0.05). Interestingly, in DEP-treated HT mice, the prothrombotic events were significantly aggravated compared with saline-treated HT and DEP-treated NT mice. The direct addition of DEP (0.1-1 μg/ml) to untreated mouse blood significantly induced in vitro platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent fashion, and these effects were more pronounced in blood of HT mice. In vitro exposure to DEP (0.25-1 μg/ml) led to activated intravascular coagulation, an effect that was confirmed by a shortening of both the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and the prothrombin time (PT). The effect of DEP on aPTT was potentiated in the plasma of HT mice. It can be concluded that the thrombotic events caused by DEP are exacerbated by hypertension in mice. Our findings, therefore, provide a possible plausible explanation for the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality accompanying urban air pollution.
General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 1996
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1998
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 1995
SUMMARY1. The effects of orally administered aqueous lyophilized extract of the leaves of Rhazya ... more SUMMARY1. The effects of orally administered aqueous lyophilized extract of the leaves of Rhazya stricta (2, 4 & 8 g/kg) on aspects of nervous system function were investigated in mice.2. In three antinociceptive tests (hot plate, abdominal constriction, and warm water tail flick tests), the extract exhibited dose‐dependent and significant antinociceptive activity. Naloxone was ineffective in antagonizing the analgesic effect of Rhazya stricta on tail‐flick and abdominal constriction tests, possibly indicating that this effect occurs via non‐opiate pathways.3. Pretreatment of mice with the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes inhibitor cimetidine (50 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the antinociceptive action of the extract, indicating that the effect is probably due to the parent compound(s) present in the extract and not to metabolites thereof.4. R hazy a stricta produced dose‐dependent sedation, decreased motor activity, and impaired motor control. Time spent on a rotarod treadmill ...
Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Sep 17, 2020
Grapefruit juice (GFJ) is a rich source of nutritional compounds but has been shown to alter the ... more Grapefruit juice (GFJ) is a rich source of nutritional compounds but has been shown to alter the concentrations of several clinically useful drugs. Ibuprofen is a commonly used over-the counterdrug. Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of a single or multiple dose of GFJ on the analgesic effect of ibuprofen. Methodology: CD1 male mice were randomly distributed into four equal groups (n=9, each). The first group served as a control, the second group was given ibuprofen (100 mg/Kg) by oral gavage, the third group was given a single dose of GFJ (10 mg/Kg) by oral gavage followed by ibuprofen, and the fourth group was given a single dose of GFJ for five days and on the fifth day was given ibuprofen. The analgesic effect was tested using two methods with different mechanisms: thermal (hot plate) and chemical (acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction) pharmacologic stimuli models.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 1996
In this article the pharmacokinetic profile of several antibacterial, antiparasitic and antiinfla... more In this article the pharmacokinetic profile of several antibacterial, antiparasitic and antiinflammatory agents in camels has been reviewed. The effect of dehydration on the kinetics of these drugs has also been discussed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022
With advent of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles, AgNPs owing majorly to their antibacterial p... more With advent of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles, AgNPs owing majorly to their antibacterial properties, are used widely in food industry and biomedical applications implying human exposure by various routes including inhalation. Several reports have suggested AgNPs induced pathophysiological effects in a cardiovascular system. However, cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension may interfere with AgNPs-induced response, yet majority of them are understudied. The aim of this work was to evaluate the thrombotic complications in response to polyethylene glycol- (PEG-) coated AgNPs using an experimental hypertensive (HT) mouse model. Saline (control) or PEG-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg) were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled four times, i.e., on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-angiotensin II-induced HT, or vehicle (saline) infusion. On day 29, various parameters were assessed including thrombosis in pial arterioles and venules, platelet aggregation in whole blood in vitro, plasma markers of coagul...
British Journal of Pharmacology, Dec 1, 1985
The monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors harmaline, tranylcypromine, deprenyl, clorgyline and iproni... more The monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors harmaline, tranylcypromine, deprenyl, clorgyline and iproniazid were injected intraperitoneally for five days to rabbits at doses that produced significant MAO inhibition. The first three inhibitors raised the concentrations of pyruvate and lactate in blood, decreased the activity of erythrocyte transketolase (TK) and increased the thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) effect. The drugs also produced anorexia and loss of body weight. The changes were suggestive of an adverse effect on the thiamin status. Clorgyline and iproniazid, however, raised the blood concentrations of pyruvate and lactate but did not affect significantly erythrocyte TK activity or TPP effect. 2 Treatment of rabbits for 14 days with the thiamin antagonists pyrithiamin (20 fig kg-') or oxythiamin (0.8 mg kg-') produced a significant drop in TK activity and increase in the lactate and pyruvate concentrations as well as an increase in TPP effect. Pyrithiamin (5, 10 or 20 jig kg-, 14 days) lowered significantly the activity of MAO in the liver and brain of rabbits. Treatment with the other antagonist, oxythiamin, at doses of 0.2 or 0.4 mg kg-' for 14 days had no significant effect on MAO activity. At a dose of 0.8 mg kg-' a significant drop in MAO activity occurred. 3 A pair-feeding trial indicated that the biochemical changes produced in animals treated with MAO inhibitors were attributable to the drugs per se, and not to the ensuing anorexia. 4 Thiamin (100 jig kg-, subcutaneously) when given concomitantly with pyrithiamin, oxythiamin, harmaline, deprenyl and tranylcypromine was effective in preventing the development of thiamin deficiency.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, Oct 1, 2002
The effect of oral administration of a water freeze-dried extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquoric... more The effect of oral administration of a water freeze-dried extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) has been studied at doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg in rats on the plasma concentration of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), aldosterone, renin, sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The results indicated that treatment induced dose-dependent and mostly significant decreases in the concentration of cortisol, ACTH, aldosterone and K. There were concomitant dose-dependent increases in the concentrations of renin and Na. The results suggest a strong and dose-dependent suppression of the adrenal-pituitary axis, accompanied by stimulation of renin production from the kidney.
Phytotherapy Research, Apr 1, 2003
The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, a... more The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, are used in folk (herbal) medicine all over the world for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases and conditions that include asthma, diarrhoea and dyslipidaemia. This article reviews the main reports of the pharmacological and toxicological properties of N. sativa and its constituents. The seeds contain both fixed and essential oils, proteins, alkaloids and saponin. Much of the biological activity of the seeds has been shown to be due to thymoquinone, the major component of the essential oil, but which is also present in the fi ed oil. The pharmacological actions of the crude extracts of the seeds (and some of its active constituents, e.g. volatile oil and thymoquinone) that have been reported include protection against nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by either disease or chemicals. The seeds/oil have antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial and antineoplastic activity. The oil decreases blood pressure and increases respiration. Treatment of rats with the seed extract for up to 12 weeks has been reported to induce changes in the haemogram that include an increase in both the packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb), and a decrease in plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. The seeds are characterized by a very low degree of toxicity. Two cases of contact dermatitis in two individuals have been reported following topical use. Administration of either the seed extract or its oil has been shown not to induce significant adverse effects on liver or kidney functions. It would appear that the beneficial effects of the use of the seeds and thymoquinone might be related to their cytoprotective and antioxidant actions, and to their effect on some mediators of inflammation.
PubMed, Jul 1, 1979
1 The addition of furazolidone to the feed at the therapeutic level (0.04% w/w, 10 days) inhibite... more 1 The addition of furazolidone to the feed at the therapeutic level (0.04% w/w, 10 days) inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity by 47 to 72% in chicken duodenal mucosa, heart and brain, but in the liver the enzyme activity was unaffected by the treatment. 2 Furazolidone (200 mg/kg) administered by crop tube inhibited MAO activities in duodenal mucosa, liver, heart and brain. 3 Furazolidone (200 mg/kg) injected intramuscularly did not inhibit MAO activity in the chicken. 4 Pretreatment of the chickens with intramuscular neomycin did not antagonize the inhibition of MAO activity produced by furazolidone (200 mg/kg, crop tube). 5 Pretreatment with neomycin by crop tube to suppress the alimentary flora significantly reduced the effect of furazolidone on MAO activity, suggesting that the drug was transformed by the alimentary flora to an active metabolite which subsequently inhibited MAO activity in other organs. 6 Furazolidone in the feed (0.04% w/w, 10 days) or administered by crop tube (200 mg/kg) had no effect on the activity of aminopyrine demethylase in chicken liver. 7 The activity of aspartate transaminase in plasma was unaffected by the addition of furazolidone to the feed (0.04% w/w, 10 days)
Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 1999
Normal serum values were estimated for 15 clinically important biochemical variables and enzymes ... more Normal serum values were estimated for 15 clinically important biochemical variables and enzymes in the sera of healthy male and female adult racing Arabian camels,(Camelus dromedarius L.) and also in the sera of healthy male and female young Arabian camels, raised as potential racing camels. The results have indicated no significant differences in all analyses between male and female young Arabian camels. Similar results were also obtained from the corresponding adult camels except for small (12-17%), but statistically significant, variations in the activities of ALT, AST, CK and ALP, being higher in females than in males in the case of the three former enzymes, and the opposite for ALP activity. Moreover, age had a significant effect on some serum enzyme activities. ALT, AST, CK, LD and ALP activities were higher in young male and female camels compared to those of adults of the corresponding gender. However, the opposite was found with GGT.
The FASEB Journal, 1997
Furosemide kinetics was studied in camels (Camelus dromedarms). The drug was injected intramuscul... more Furosemide kinetics was studied in camels (Camelus dromedarms). The drug was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) and intravenously (i.v.) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg. The mean terminal elimination half life ranged from 50.2 min (0.5 mg/kg, i.m.) to 119 min (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.). The average systemic clearance and the steady state volume of distribution were higher when the 1.5 mg/kg dose was administered. Peak furosemide plasma concentration was achieved in about 20 min after i.m. dosing. The glucuronide metabolite of furosemide was not detected in plasma. The mean absolute bioavailability of furosemide administered i.m. ranged from 47% (0.5 mg/kg) to 71% (1.5 mg/kg). It appears that some aspects of the kinetics of furosemide in camels may be different from that in other animals such as the horse.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Oct 1, 2000
The effect of treatment with the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta Decne, on monoamine oxidase (MAO)... more The effect of treatment with the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta Decne, on monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase activity, and on the concentration of brain biogenic amines was studied in rats. R. stricta extract, at doses of 0Á2 and 0Á5 g kg À1 , signi®cantly (P`0Á05±0Á01) increased the hepatic and cerebral activity of MAO by 36±127%. The higher doses used (2Á0 and 8Á0 g kg À1) produced smaller (10±26%) and statistically insigni®cant increases in MAO activity in liver and brain. Cholinesterase activity in blood, liver and brain was not sig-ni®cantly in¯uenced by treatment with R. stricta. The concentrations of the measured biogenic amines (noradrenaline, adrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine) were signi®cantly lowered in rats treated with R. stricta. The observed increase in MAO activity may be responsible for the lowered biogenic amines levels and may, in part, be responsible for the pharmacological effects of R. stricta extract in rats.
Physiological Research, Jun 30, 2023
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) inhalation has been shown to trigger endothelial dysfunction and ... more Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) inhalation has been shown to trigger endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Here, we assessed the impact and underlying mechanism of WPS exposure for one month on endothelial dysfunction using aortic tissue of mice. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/week. Control mice were exposed to air. Inhalation of WPS induced an increase in the number of macrophages and neutrophils and the concentrations of protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL-6 and IL-1β), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and P-selectin) and markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide) in aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS were significantly augmented compared with air-exposed mice. Likewise, the concentration of galectin-3 was significantly increased in the aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS compared with control group. WPS inhalation induced vascular DNA damage assessed by comet assay and apoptosis characterized by a significant increase in cleaved caspase-3. While the aortic expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly increased following WPS inhalation, the concentration of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was significantly decreased in WPS group compared with air-exposed group. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that WPS inhalation triggers lung injury and endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis which were associated with nuclear factor-κB activation and SIRT1 down-regulation.
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2010
Gentamicin (GM) is used against serious and life-threatening infections, but its use is limited b... more Gentamicin (GM) is used against serious and life-threatening infections, but its use is limited by the occurrence of nephrotoxicity, which involves the generation of free radicals. In this work we tested the effect of a compound with antioxidant properties, tertamethylpyrazine (TMP), a major constituent of the Chinese medicinal plant Lingusticum wallichi, on GMinduced nephrotoxicity, and compared it with an established anti-oxidant compound N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Six groups of rats were studied: (1) control, treated orally (p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline; (2) treated i.p. with GM (80 mg kg-1 per day for 6 days); (3) TMP, given p.o. (100 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + GM (same dose as above during the last 6 days); (4) NAC, given i.p. (500 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + GM as above; (5) TMP (100 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + saline; (6) NAC (500 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + saline. GM nephrotoxicity was characterized by reduced creatinine clearance, increased creatinine and urea concentrations in plasma, increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and total protein. These functional and structural alterations were prevented or ameliorated by NAC treatment, while TMP had only a slight mitigating effect that was less marked than that produced by NAC. The concentration of GM in the renal cortex of the rats given GM + NAC (but not TMP) was lower than that found in rats treated with GM alone by about 25%. The mechanism by which NAC and, to a lesser extent TMP, protected against GM-induced nephrotoxicity may be related, at least in part, to the decrease in oxidative stress in renal cortex.
Physiological Research, Feb 15, 2015
Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and... more Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and/or oxidant mechanisms. Gum arabic (GA) is a complex polysaccharide that acts as an anti-oxidant which can modulate inflammatory and/or immunological processes. Therefore, we tested here the effect of GA treatment (15 % in the drinking water for 4 weeks) in plasma and urine of rats, on a novel cytokine that has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, viz, DNA-binding high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). Adenine (0.75 % in the feed, 4 weeks) significantly increased indoxyl sulphate, urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma, and significantly decreased the creatinine clearance. GA significantly abated these effects. The concentrations of HMGB1 in urine before the start of the experiment were similar in all four groups. However, 24 h after the last treatment, adenine treatment increased significantly the concentration of HMGB1 when compared with the control. GA treatment did not affect the HMGB1 concentration in urine. Moreover, the concentration of HMGB1 in plasma obtained 24 h after the last treatment in rats treated with adenine was drastically reduced compared with the control group. This may explain its significant rise in urine. In conclusion, HMGB1 can be considered a potentially useful biomarker in adenine induced CRF and its treatment.
Toxicology, 2011
Several epidemiological studies have shown that acute exposure to particulate air pollution is as... more Several epidemiological studies have shown that acute exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and that these effects are especially exacerbated among individuals with pre-existing compromised cardiovascular function such as hypertension. This study was undertaken to determine the cardiovascular effect of diesel exhaust on TO mice made hypertensive by implanting osmotic minipump infusing angiotensin II or vehicle (control). On day 13, the animals were intratracheally instilled with either DEP (15 μg/mouse) or saline. 24 h later, pulmonary exposure to DEP had significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive (HT) mice (P<0.01), but not in normotensive (NT) mice. The number of leukocytes and red blood cells, and the plasma interleukin 6 concentration in plasma, however, were not affected in any of the animals. The PaO₂ was decreased, and PaCO₂ increased in DEP-treated HT mice compared to NT mice treated with DEP (P<0.05). The number of circulating platelets was significantly increased in DEP-treated HT versus saline-treated HT and DEP-treated NT mice. Moreover, in NT mice, DEP exposure induced a prothrombotic effect in pial arterioles compared with saline-treated NT mice (P<0.05). Interestingly, in DEP-treated HT mice, the prothrombotic events were significantly aggravated compared with saline-treated HT and DEP-treated NT mice. The direct addition of DEP (0.1-1 μg/ml) to untreated mouse blood significantly induced in vitro platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent fashion, and these effects were more pronounced in blood of HT mice. In vitro exposure to DEP (0.25-1 μg/ml) led to activated intravascular coagulation, an effect that was confirmed by a shortening of both the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and the prothrombin time (PT). The effect of DEP on aPTT was potentiated in the plasma of HT mice. It can be concluded that the thrombotic events caused by DEP are exacerbated by hypertension in mice. Our findings, therefore, provide a possible plausible explanation for the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality accompanying urban air pollution.
General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 1996
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1998
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 1995
SUMMARY1. The effects of orally administered aqueous lyophilized extract of the leaves of Rhazya ... more SUMMARY1. The effects of orally administered aqueous lyophilized extract of the leaves of Rhazya stricta (2, 4 & 8 g/kg) on aspects of nervous system function were investigated in mice.2. In three antinociceptive tests (hot plate, abdominal constriction, and warm water tail flick tests), the extract exhibited dose‐dependent and significant antinociceptive activity. Naloxone was ineffective in antagonizing the analgesic effect of Rhazya stricta on tail‐flick and abdominal constriction tests, possibly indicating that this effect occurs via non‐opiate pathways.3. Pretreatment of mice with the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes inhibitor cimetidine (50 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the antinociceptive action of the extract, indicating that the effect is probably due to the parent compound(s) present in the extract and not to metabolites thereof.4. R hazy a stricta produced dose‐dependent sedation, decreased motor activity, and impaired motor control. Time spent on a rotarod treadmill ...
Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Sep 17, 2020
Grapefruit juice (GFJ) is a rich source of nutritional compounds but has been shown to alter the ... more Grapefruit juice (GFJ) is a rich source of nutritional compounds but has been shown to alter the concentrations of several clinically useful drugs. Ibuprofen is a commonly used over-the counterdrug. Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of a single or multiple dose of GFJ on the analgesic effect of ibuprofen. Methodology: CD1 male mice were randomly distributed into four equal groups (n=9, each). The first group served as a control, the second group was given ibuprofen (100 mg/Kg) by oral gavage, the third group was given a single dose of GFJ (10 mg/Kg) by oral gavage followed by ibuprofen, and the fourth group was given a single dose of GFJ for five days and on the fifth day was given ibuprofen. The analgesic effect was tested using two methods with different mechanisms: thermal (hot plate) and chemical (acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction) pharmacologic stimuli models.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 1996
In this article the pharmacokinetic profile of several antibacterial, antiparasitic and antiinfla... more In this article the pharmacokinetic profile of several antibacterial, antiparasitic and antiinflammatory agents in camels has been reviewed. The effect of dehydration on the kinetics of these drugs has also been discussed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022
With advent of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles, AgNPs owing majorly to their antibacterial p... more With advent of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles, AgNPs owing majorly to their antibacterial properties, are used widely in food industry and biomedical applications implying human exposure by various routes including inhalation. Several reports have suggested AgNPs induced pathophysiological effects in a cardiovascular system. However, cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension may interfere with AgNPs-induced response, yet majority of them are understudied. The aim of this work was to evaluate the thrombotic complications in response to polyethylene glycol- (PEG-) coated AgNPs using an experimental hypertensive (HT) mouse model. Saline (control) or PEG-AgNPs (0.5 mg/kg) were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled four times, i.e., on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-angiotensin II-induced HT, or vehicle (saline) infusion. On day 29, various parameters were assessed including thrombosis in pial arterioles and venules, platelet aggregation in whole blood in vitro, plasma markers of coagul...
British Journal of Pharmacology, Dec 1, 1985
The monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors harmaline, tranylcypromine, deprenyl, clorgyline and iproni... more The monamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors harmaline, tranylcypromine, deprenyl, clorgyline and iproniazid were injected intraperitoneally for five days to rabbits at doses that produced significant MAO inhibition. The first three inhibitors raised the concentrations of pyruvate and lactate in blood, decreased the activity of erythrocyte transketolase (TK) and increased the thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) effect. The drugs also produced anorexia and loss of body weight. The changes were suggestive of an adverse effect on the thiamin status. Clorgyline and iproniazid, however, raised the blood concentrations of pyruvate and lactate but did not affect significantly erythrocyte TK activity or TPP effect. 2 Treatment of rabbits for 14 days with the thiamin antagonists pyrithiamin (20 fig kg-') or oxythiamin (0.8 mg kg-') produced a significant drop in TK activity and increase in the lactate and pyruvate concentrations as well as an increase in TPP effect. Pyrithiamin (5, 10 or 20 jig kg-, 14 days) lowered significantly the activity of MAO in the liver and brain of rabbits. Treatment with the other antagonist, oxythiamin, at doses of 0.2 or 0.4 mg kg-' for 14 days had no significant effect on MAO activity. At a dose of 0.8 mg kg-' a significant drop in MAO activity occurred. 3 A pair-feeding trial indicated that the biochemical changes produced in animals treated with MAO inhibitors were attributable to the drugs per se, and not to the ensuing anorexia. 4 Thiamin (100 jig kg-, subcutaneously) when given concomitantly with pyrithiamin, oxythiamin, harmaline, deprenyl and tranylcypromine was effective in preventing the development of thiamin deficiency.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, Oct 1, 2002
The effect of oral administration of a water freeze-dried extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquoric... more The effect of oral administration of a water freeze-dried extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) has been studied at doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg in rats on the plasma concentration of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), aldosterone, renin, sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The results indicated that treatment induced dose-dependent and mostly significant decreases in the concentration of cortisol, ACTH, aldosterone and K. There were concomitant dose-dependent increases in the concentrations of renin and Na. The results suggest a strong and dose-dependent suppression of the adrenal-pituitary axis, accompanied by stimulation of renin production from the kidney.
Phytotherapy Research, Apr 1, 2003
The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, a... more The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, are used in folk (herbal) medicine all over the world for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases and conditions that include asthma, diarrhoea and dyslipidaemia. This article reviews the main reports of the pharmacological and toxicological properties of N. sativa and its constituents. The seeds contain both fixed and essential oils, proteins, alkaloids and saponin. Much of the biological activity of the seeds has been shown to be due to thymoquinone, the major component of the essential oil, but which is also present in the fi ed oil. The pharmacological actions of the crude extracts of the seeds (and some of its active constituents, e.g. volatile oil and thymoquinone) that have been reported include protection against nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by either disease or chemicals. The seeds/oil have antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial and antineoplastic activity. The oil decreases blood pressure and increases respiration. Treatment of rats with the seed extract for up to 12 weeks has been reported to induce changes in the haemogram that include an increase in both the packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb), and a decrease in plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. The seeds are characterized by a very low degree of toxicity. Two cases of contact dermatitis in two individuals have been reported following topical use. Administration of either the seed extract or its oil has been shown not to induce significant adverse effects on liver or kidney functions. It would appear that the beneficial effects of the use of the seeds and thymoquinone might be related to their cytoprotective and antioxidant actions, and to their effect on some mediators of inflammation.
PubMed, Jul 1, 1979
1 The addition of furazolidone to the feed at the therapeutic level (0.04% w/w, 10 days) inhibite... more 1 The addition of furazolidone to the feed at the therapeutic level (0.04% w/w, 10 days) inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity by 47 to 72% in chicken duodenal mucosa, heart and brain, but in the liver the enzyme activity was unaffected by the treatment. 2 Furazolidone (200 mg/kg) administered by crop tube inhibited MAO activities in duodenal mucosa, liver, heart and brain. 3 Furazolidone (200 mg/kg) injected intramuscularly did not inhibit MAO activity in the chicken. 4 Pretreatment of the chickens with intramuscular neomycin did not antagonize the inhibition of MAO activity produced by furazolidone (200 mg/kg, crop tube). 5 Pretreatment with neomycin by crop tube to suppress the alimentary flora significantly reduced the effect of furazolidone on MAO activity, suggesting that the drug was transformed by the alimentary flora to an active metabolite which subsequently inhibited MAO activity in other organs. 6 Furazolidone in the feed (0.04% w/w, 10 days) or administered by crop tube (200 mg/kg) had no effect on the activity of aminopyrine demethylase in chicken liver. 7 The activity of aspartate transaminase in plasma was unaffected by the addition of furazolidone to the feed (0.04% w/w, 10 days)
Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 1999
Normal serum values were estimated for 15 clinically important biochemical variables and enzymes ... more Normal serum values were estimated for 15 clinically important biochemical variables and enzymes in the sera of healthy male and female adult racing Arabian camels,(Camelus dromedarius L.) and also in the sera of healthy male and female young Arabian camels, raised as potential racing camels. The results have indicated no significant differences in all analyses between male and female young Arabian camels. Similar results were also obtained from the corresponding adult camels except for small (12-17%), but statistically significant, variations in the activities of ALT, AST, CK and ALP, being higher in females than in males in the case of the three former enzymes, and the opposite for ALP activity. Moreover, age had a significant effect on some serum enzyme activities. ALT, AST, CK, LD and ALP activities were higher in young male and female camels compared to those of adults of the corresponding gender. However, the opposite was found with GGT.
The FASEB Journal, 1997
Furosemide kinetics was studied in camels (Camelus dromedarms). The drug was injected intramuscul... more Furosemide kinetics was studied in camels (Camelus dromedarms). The drug was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) and intravenously (i.v.) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg. The mean terminal elimination half life ranged from 50.2 min (0.5 mg/kg, i.m.) to 119 min (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.). The average systemic clearance and the steady state volume of distribution were higher when the 1.5 mg/kg dose was administered. Peak furosemide plasma concentration was achieved in about 20 min after i.m. dosing. The glucuronide metabolite of furosemide was not detected in plasma. The mean absolute bioavailability of furosemide administered i.m. ranged from 47% (0.5 mg/kg) to 71% (1.5 mg/kg). It appears that some aspects of the kinetics of furosemide in camels may be different from that in other animals such as the horse.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Oct 1, 2000
The effect of treatment with the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta Decne, on monoamine oxidase (MAO)... more The effect of treatment with the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta Decne, on monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase activity, and on the concentration of brain biogenic amines was studied in rats. R. stricta extract, at doses of 0Á2 and 0Á5 g kg À1 , signi®cantly (P`0Á05±0Á01) increased the hepatic and cerebral activity of MAO by 36±127%. The higher doses used (2Á0 and 8Á0 g kg À1) produced smaller (10±26%) and statistically insigni®cant increases in MAO activity in liver and brain. Cholinesterase activity in blood, liver and brain was not sig-ni®cantly in¯uenced by treatment with R. stricta. The concentrations of the measured biogenic amines (noradrenaline, adrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine) were signi®cantly lowered in rats treated with R. stricta. The observed increase in MAO activity may be responsible for the lowered biogenic amines levels and may, in part, be responsible for the pharmacological effects of R. stricta extract in rats.
Physiological Research, Jun 30, 2023
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) inhalation has been shown to trigger endothelial dysfunction and ... more Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) inhalation has been shown to trigger endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Here, we assessed the impact and underlying mechanism of WPS exposure for one month on endothelial dysfunction using aortic tissue of mice. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/week. Control mice were exposed to air. Inhalation of WPS induced an increase in the number of macrophages and neutrophils and the concentrations of protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL-6 and IL-1β), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and P-selectin) and markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide) in aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS were significantly augmented compared with air-exposed mice. Likewise, the concentration of galectin-3 was significantly increased in the aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS compared with control group. WPS inhalation induced vascular DNA damage assessed by comet assay and apoptosis characterized by a significant increase in cleaved caspase-3. While the aortic expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly increased following WPS inhalation, the concentration of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was significantly decreased in WPS group compared with air-exposed group. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that WPS inhalation triggers lung injury and endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis which were associated with nuclear factor-κB activation and SIRT1 down-regulation.
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2010
Gentamicin (GM) is used against serious and life-threatening infections, but its use is limited b... more Gentamicin (GM) is used against serious and life-threatening infections, but its use is limited by the occurrence of nephrotoxicity, which involves the generation of free radicals. In this work we tested the effect of a compound with antioxidant properties, tertamethylpyrazine (TMP), a major constituent of the Chinese medicinal plant Lingusticum wallichi, on GMinduced nephrotoxicity, and compared it with an established anti-oxidant compound N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Six groups of rats were studied: (1) control, treated orally (p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline; (2) treated i.p. with GM (80 mg kg-1 per day for 6 days); (3) TMP, given p.o. (100 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + GM (same dose as above during the last 6 days); (4) NAC, given i.p. (500 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + GM as above; (5) TMP (100 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + saline; (6) NAC (500 mg kg-1 per day for 10 days) + saline. GM nephrotoxicity was characterized by reduced creatinine clearance, increased creatinine and urea concentrations in plasma, increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and total protein. These functional and structural alterations were prevented or ameliorated by NAC treatment, while TMP had only a slight mitigating effect that was less marked than that produced by NAC. The concentration of GM in the renal cortex of the rats given GM + NAC (but not TMP) was lower than that found in rats treated with GM alone by about 25%. The mechanism by which NAC and, to a lesser extent TMP, protected against GM-induced nephrotoxicity may be related, at least in part, to the decrease in oxidative stress in renal cortex.
Physiological Research, Feb 15, 2015
Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and... more Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and/or oxidant mechanisms. Gum arabic (GA) is a complex polysaccharide that acts as an anti-oxidant which can modulate inflammatory and/or immunological processes. Therefore, we tested here the effect of GA treatment (15 % in the drinking water for 4 weeks) in plasma and urine of rats, on a novel cytokine that has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, viz, DNA-binding high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). Adenine (0.75 % in the feed, 4 weeks) significantly increased indoxyl sulphate, urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma, and significantly decreased the creatinine clearance. GA significantly abated these effects. The concentrations of HMGB1 in urine before the start of the experiment were similar in all four groups. However, 24 h after the last treatment, adenine treatment increased significantly the concentration of HMGB1 when compared with the control. GA treatment did not affect the HMGB1 concentration in urine. Moreover, the concentration of HMGB1 in plasma obtained 24 h after the last treatment in rats treated with adenine was drastically reduced compared with the control group. This may explain its significant rise in urine. In conclusion, HMGB1 can be considered a potentially useful biomarker in adenine induced CRF and its treatment.