Navbir Bedi | Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences (original) (raw)
Papers by Navbir Bedi
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2024
Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, wh... more Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, which is not the usual or normal arrangement. It is classically subdivided into the subsets of asplenia and polysplenia syndrome. Here, we present our findings in a female cadaver which do not conform to the usual subset of asplenia or polysplenia, and in fact, showed hyposplenia with a subhepatic cecum and bilateral bilobed lungs. Polysplenia has traditionally been thought to be associated with anomalies of intestinal rotation. The incidence is not known, but they are collectively termed malrotation and include nonrotation, incomplete, or the rare reversed rotation. Asplenia is also documented with a high degree of abdominal heterotaxy. This particular case does not conform to the traditional classification of asplenia or polysplenia. Features suggestive of polysplenia, in this case, are bilateral bilobed lungs and situs ambiguous. In concordance with asplenia, it has a spleen of reduced size and a large liver with extra lobation, which shows that it does not confine to a single subset. It is suggested that a separate entity of hyposplenia may also be considered, that warrants further research.
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy, 2022
Uterine anomalies arise from abnormal fusion of paramesonephric ducts or failure of apoptosis of... more Uterine anomalies arise from abnormal fusion of paramesonephric ducts or failure of apoptosis of septum between two ducts leading to abnormal division of the uterine cavity. Initial dearth of universal standard diagnosis was the reason for the improper reporting of the data associated with prevalence of uterine developmental anomalies. But now various authors have reported the prevalence of uterine anomalies using standard diagnostic techniques. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various uterine congenital anomalies among women of reproductive age (15–45 years) with no previous uterine pathology. Methodology: An ultrasound was utilized to take a transabdominal sonographs of both longitudinal and transverse planes from the supine position of participants who were made to consume
500–1000 mL of water to promote diuresis for the duration of the scan. Scans were then interpreted. Results: From a study of 200 participants whose mean age group fell around 30 ± 8 years, 140 of the women were parous and 60 were nulliparous. Twelve of the participants displayed anomalies that included bicornuate, arcuate, and septate. Five cases of the bicornuate uterus (2.5%), four arcuate uterus (2.0%), and three
septate uterus (1.5%) were noted. Conclusion: From a sample size of 200, the occurrence of uterine anomalies is 6%, with no cases of uterine agenesis or a hypoplastic uterus.
Keywords: Arcuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, septate uterus, uterine anomalies
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2024
Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, wh... more Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, which is not the usual or normal arrangement. It is classically subdivided into the subsets of asplenia and polysplenia syndrome. Here, we present our findings in a female cadaver which do not conform to the usual subset of asplenia or polysplenia, and in fact, showed hyposplenia with a subhepatic cecum and bilateral bilobed lungs. Polysplenia has traditionally been thought to be associated with anomalies of intestinal rotation. The incidence is not known, but they are collectively termed malrotation and include nonrotation, incomplete, or the rare reversed rotation. Asplenia is also documented with a high degree of abdominal heterotaxy. This particular case does not conform to the traditional classification of asplenia or polysplenia. Features suggestive of polysplenia, in this case, are bilateral bilobed lungs and situs ambiguous. In concordance with asplenia, it has a spleen of reduced size and a large liver with extra lobation, which shows that it does not confine to a single subset. It is suggested that a separate entity of hyposplenia may also be considered, that warrants further research.
Cureus, 2024
Background: Anatomy is one of the most volatile subjects and needs the learner to understand and ... more Background: Anatomy is one of the most volatile subjects and needs the learner to understand and retain a lot of information and terms. It is thus very important to continuously upgrade the methodology from the traditional didactive to interactive teaching to make the student an active learner and engage him in the learning process to categorize and analyze anatomical facts and knowledge. Aims and objectives: The study was done to compare the learning outcomes and perception of medical students towards didactic lectures and interactive quiz-based lectures in anatomy. Methodology: The study was conducted amongst the 200 Year 1 medical undergraduate students enrolled in the Department of Anatomy at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, located in Lucknow, India. The 200 students comprised 120 males (60%) and 80 females (40%). The mean age of male students was 19.67 years and of females was 19.52 years. The students were divided into two groups of hundred students each by a method of convenience sampling. Students of group I were taught by an interactive quizbased lecture and group II by a traditional didactic lecture. A pre-and post-test were conducted for both groups and feedback for both methods was taken by using a pre-validated feedback form based on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: On statistical analysis, it was found that in the post-test the performance of group I taught by the interactive quiz-based study was better as compared to group II taught by traditional didactive teaching, but was not statistically significant (p=0.233, p>0.05). The feedback from students revealed that 45.9% of them strongly agreed and 44.9% agreed with the fact that quiz-based lectures are better than routine lectures. Conclusions: Results of the present study clearly indicate that the introduction of quiz-based anatomy teaching for undergraduate medical students was well received and appeared to improve their learning outcomes in the form of increased attention and participation during class and would lead to better retention of the topics taught during interactive lectures. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has been done to document the efficacy of quiz-based teaching for the subject of anatomy.
The FASEB Journal, May 1, 2021
National journal of clinical anatomy, 2023
Background: First cervical vertebra has different anatomical features than other cervical vertebr... more Background: First cervical vertebra has different anatomical features than other cervical vertebrae. It holds globe of skull and lacks body
and spine. It is composed of 2 lateral masses linked by anterior and posterior arches. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is attached to
posterior arch whose lateral edge sometimes ossifies thus converting groove into canal. Consequently, neurovascular groove gets converted
into a bony ring “ponticulus posticus”. It can cause of neck pain and headache. Knowledge of this variation is important during various
orthopedic procedures involving atlas including C1 lateral mass screw placement.Congenital defects of atlantal arch a developmental failure
of chondrogenesis is a rare anomaly. These defects are a benign variation discovered incidentally. Detection of these anomalies is clinically
important as they can cause acute neurologic deficits, which is associated with neck extension. Study was done: To determine the prevalence
of Ponticulus Posticus and to report the frequency of various types of congenital malformations of the atlantal arch. Methodology: 250
computerized tomography (CT) head and neck in axial and sagittal sections from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of
Dr RMLIMS, Lucknow was studied as CT is the best method to study the bony landmarks and any anomaly. Prevalence of variations was
calculated. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21 by Chi-square test. Result: Prevalence of ponticulus posticus was 32.4%.
Males had higher prevalence (20.4%) than females (12%). Incomplete ponticulus posticus (24.4%) was more than complete variant (8%).
There was predominance of left sided ponticulus posticus(12% vs 8.4%) Deficient posterior arch was found in 9(3.6%) cases. 6 were of type A
3 were of type B. Conclusion: This study will help in determining cause of neurological deficit in patients due to presence of above variations
International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012
Pre eclampsia, the clinical state prior to full blown eclampsia (siezures), is one of the toxemia... more Pre eclampsia, the clinical state prior to full blown eclampsia (siezures), is one of the toxemias of pregnancy. The basic clinical definition is that it is a pregnancy specific condition of increased blood pressure accompanied by proteinuria, edema or both. Many phenomena have been investigated, but the recurring theme appears to be an abnormally low blood flow into the placenta. The present study was designed to determine the histological changes in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy induced hypertension and to correlate the changes with foetal outcome. A study of sixty placentae was done with the collaboration of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, to find out the histological changes of placenta in 30 women suffering from pregnancy induced hypertension in comparison to 30 women with uncomplicated gestation. The main histological features noted were cytotrophoblastic proliferation, basement membrane thickening, vasculosyncytial membrane deficiency which correlated well with the foetal outcome. The other features noted were syncytial knot formation, fibrinoid necrosis and stromal fibrosis.
Cureus, 2023
Background Cadaveric teaching has been the gold standard for gross anatomy instruction through th... more Background Cadaveric teaching has been the gold standard for gross anatomy instruction through the ages and across the geographic spectrum, but with issues of availability faced in many medical schools, there is a need to look for other options. Digital tools like virtual dissectors that simulate the cadaver have been around for some years now, but their acceptability to the teachers and students and effectiveness need to be validated in the settings where applied. Aim To evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of using computer-based simulation tools for teaching gross anatomy via online mode to undergraduate medical students. Methodology A prospective crossover randomized controlled study was conducted online on 200 (120 males (60%) and 80 females (40%), Year 1 medical undergraduates (mean age males: 19.67 years and females: 19.52 years), wherein two broad topics of head and neck region were taught by didactic lectures delivered online via Zoom. Dissection videos were prepared for both cadaveric and computer-based simulation teaching. Groups were divided by random allocation and pre-and post-tests and feedback surveys were conducted online. Results A significant increase from pre-to post-test scores was found in both cadaveric and computer-based simulation techniques. However, more change was found in the computer technique as its t-value was more than the cadaveric technique. The feedback from the students was that the computer-based simulation teaching method gave them a good insight into 3D understanding of the human body, increased understanding of relations of body structures and capacity to grasp surface anatomy. Conclusion The study concluded that teaching gross anatomy through computer-based simulation techniques is acceptable to both the students and faculty. The study also concluded that it is an effective and feasible method that can be used to complement cadaveric teaching to revisit areas already dissected and for quick revision.
International journal of anatomy and research, Dec 31, 2015
The paranasal sinuses are subject to large variety of lesions. Congenital malformations and norma... more The paranasal sinuses are subject to large variety of lesions. Congenital malformations and normal anatomic variations are important in this region To find out prevalence of frontal sinus aplasia in normal healthy population and to discuss its clinical importance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis is performed on CT scans of head & neck region of patients visiting Radio-diagnosis Department of Era's Lucknow Medical College. Results: Frontal sinus aplasia was observed in 6.6% of target population. Conclusion: It is important for surgeons to be aware of variations in sinuses that may predispose patients to increased risk of intraoperative complications and help avoid possible complications and improve success of management strategies.
Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery
Background Lesser wing of sphenoid joins the body of sphenoid by two roots which are separated by... more Background Lesser wing of sphenoid joins the body of sphenoid by two roots which are separated by the optic canal. Optic canal is a communicating channel between orbit and middle cranial fossa, forming a passage for the ophthalmic artery and optic nerve. Considering the delicate neurovascular structure that traverses the narrow confines of the optic canal, knowledge of the morphometry, anatomical variations of this canal and their relations becomes an important part of diagnostic medicine and surgical management. Objective The aim of the study was to conduct morphometric analysis and document variations of optic canal in north Indian population and study its sexual dimorphism. Material and Method Type of Study Cross-sectional study. Sample size 200 Computerized tomography head axial section scans from picture archiving and communication system. The computer-assisted measurements of optic canal parameters were obtained on both right and left sides. Statistical analysis Unpaired t-tes...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Introduction: The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest commissural bundle connecting the two cereb... more Introduction: The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest commissural bundle connecting the two cerebral hemispheres which is involved in learning, memory, thinking, three-dimensional visual ability, executive functions as well as behavioural patterns. Exact morphometric dimensions are a prerequisite before surgical interventions and stereotactic approaches to the foramen of Munro and also in cases of callosectomy for intractable epilepsy as inconsistencies exist regarding gender and age related changes of CC. Also, most published studies are from the western world and very few studies are from South-east Asia and India. Aim: To study the morphometry of CC and possible age, gender related variations using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was done in Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2019 to October 2019. A total of 200 head MRI scan...
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy, 2022
Background: The mandibular nerve exits the cranial cavity by traversing through the foramen ovale... more Background: The mandibular nerve exits the cranial cavity by traversing through the foramen ovale (FO) which is located in the greater wing
of sphenoid, posterolateral to foramen rotundum. This foramen also provides an entry portal to the accessory middle meningeal artery and
helps exit the lesser petrosal nerve apart from the emissary veins. Tumors and masses in infratemporal region require an accurate and precise
morphometry of FO, before planning any surgical procedure. The aim of this study is to record and analyze the metric and nonmetric data and
compares the morphometry of FO with gender and age. Methodology: Type of study – Retrospective observational study. The sample size was
200 computerized tomography head axial section scans without any disease which might alter the anatomy of foramen, from picture archiving
and communication system. Bilateral foraminal parameters were obtained with the help of computer‑assisted software. Results: The mean
length, breadth, distance from mid‑sagittal plane, and size of FO in males were 7.75 ± 1.16, 3.98 ± 0.91, 21.40 ± 1.75, and 30.94 ± 8.79, and
in females, measurements were 6.90 ± 0.78, 3.57 ± 1.04, 20.36 ± 1.62, and 24.86 ± 9.08, respectively. Septation was observed in 2% of cases
and the most common shape observed was oval (84%). Totally 26% of accessory foramina were observed. Conclusion: Significant gender
differences were seen in the morphometry in all the four parameters. A significant difference with age was seen only with distance of foramen
from midsagittal plane. Variations in morphometry and shapes of the FO may affect clinical and diagnostic procedures.
Keywords: Computerized tomography, foramen ovale, gender difference, mandibular nerve, retrospective study
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2020
Background: As the humans age, there is decrease in size of brain tissue, increase in cerebrospin... more Background: As the humans age, there is decrease in size of brain tissue, increase in cerebrospinal fluid volume and enlargement of ventricles. Brain ventricles can be studied by taking linear, planimetric or volumetric measurements. Linear ratios of width of ventricles to the width of skull or brain are considered to be an easy and reproducible measurement for assessment of ventricles. Evans' index is one such linear ratio; it is the ratio of maximum width of frontal horns and maximum transverse internal diameter of skull in the same plane. Purpose of study: The purpose of our study was to obtain a baseline data of reference values of Evans index, in healthy north Indian population.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2017
Introduction: After death, biological tissue decomposes by autolysis or putrefaction. Ultimately,... more Introduction: After death, biological tissue decomposes by autolysis or putrefaction. Ultimately, it disintegrates into its inorganic elements. Ever since the beginning of human life, efforts have been made to stop decay and to keep the body intact, primarily to keep the mortal frame for coming back to life sometime later (e.g. Egyptian mummification in 1550 BC and cryo-preservation in 20th century). Preservation was the introduction of formalin. Formalin consolidates tissue and stops the rapid decomposition processes. Disadvantages to formalin fixation include unnatural hardening and dis-or discoloration of the tissues. The introduction of formalin was followed by the color-preserving embalming solutions. Formalin, however, is still mainly used for preservation of cadavers because of its preservation properties. Embedding of organic tissue in plastic was introduced in the 1960s. In 1978 Gunther von Hagens invented plastination. This technique utilizes both impregnation and embedding. Observation: We observed the persevered organs by formalin and plastinated specimen. Formalin persevered specimen is difficult to handle (brittle), transportation is a tedious process with problems of spillage and internal structure are seen where as Plastinated organs are easy to handling odourless non hazardous, stable procedure and provide better platform to study for a longer span of time. Conclusion: Development of different methods of preservation has supported and will continue to support both medical research and teaching.
International Journal of Advanced Research , 2014
in collaboration with Dept of Radiology. M R I scans of thoraco-lumbar region of 100 patients wer... more in collaboration with Dept of Radiology. M R I scans of thoraco-lumbar region of 100 patients were assessed for various anatomical parameters. Results: Out of 100 cases 18(18%) were found to have Schmorl's nodes. No independent association of Schmorl's node with back pain was identified. Conclusion: Schmorl's node is common in elderly population with frequency similar to that in young population. Presence of Schmorls node's is not always associated with pain
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014
Congenital malformations of inner ear are rare anomalies. These occur due to arrested development... more Congenital malformations of inner ear are rare anomalies. These occur due to arrested development at different stages of embryogenesis. One rare anomaly of inner ear is Mondini dysplasia. Possibly it occurs due to arrested development of cochlea in its embryonic stage at about sixth week of gestation. In this anomaly only basal turn of cochlea is developed. There is deficient interscalar septum for distal one & half turn. Thus bony cochlea is restricted to 1.5 turns only. This causes sensorineural hearing loss. One such anomaly was recognized clinically in a 4yrs old girl who presented with congenital deafness. Thorough systemic & specific examination was done.Radiological examination (Computed Tomography) revealed, that there was defect in the turn of cochlea i.e. cochlea was only one half turn.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2016
Aims and objectives: The palate forms a partition between the oral cavity and nasal cavity. The p... more Aims and objectives: The palate forms a partition between the oral cavity and nasal cavity. The palate is made up of two parts hard palate and soft palate. The hard palate forms the anterior part of the palate, the soft palate forms a movable muscular fold covered by mucous membrane that is suspended from the posterior border of hard palate. Soft palate morphological variations have a great paucity in the literature. It is also believed that the soft palate has no such important anatomical variations. There is a variable presentation of the soft palate morphology in the lateral cephalograms. The aim of this study was to identify the velar morphology. Material and methods: 100 normal subjects between the age group of 20 and 35 were taken for the study. Lateral Cephalogram (radiologic study) was taken. Results: Different shapes of the soft palate were observed in the lateral cephalograms. The morphology of soft palate was classified into six types (1) Leaf like (50 cases) most common type, (2) Straight line (20 cases), (3) S shaped (4 cases) very rare, (4) Butt like (10 cases), (5) Rat tail (6 cases), (6) Hook shaped (10 cases). Conclusion: This classification helps us to understand the better diversity of the velar morphology in mid sagittal plane. These findings help us to understand the etiology of OSAS.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2024
Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, wh... more Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, which is not the usual or normal arrangement. It is classically subdivided into the subsets of asplenia and polysplenia syndrome. Here, we present our findings in a female cadaver which do not conform to the usual subset of asplenia or polysplenia, and in fact, showed hyposplenia with a subhepatic cecum and bilateral bilobed lungs. Polysplenia has traditionally been thought to be associated with anomalies of intestinal rotation. The incidence is not known, but they are collectively termed malrotation and include nonrotation, incomplete, or the rare reversed rotation. Asplenia is also documented with a high degree of abdominal heterotaxy. This particular case does not conform to the traditional classification of asplenia or polysplenia. Features suggestive of polysplenia, in this case, are bilateral bilobed lungs and situs ambiguous. In concordance with asplenia, it has a spleen of reduced size and a large liver with extra lobation, which shows that it does not confine to a single subset. It is suggested that a separate entity of hyposplenia may also be considered, that warrants further research.
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy, 2022
Uterine anomalies arise from abnormal fusion of paramesonephric ducts or failure of apoptosis of... more Uterine anomalies arise from abnormal fusion of paramesonephric ducts or failure of apoptosis of septum between two ducts leading to abnormal division of the uterine cavity. Initial dearth of universal standard diagnosis was the reason for the improper reporting of the data associated with prevalence of uterine developmental anomalies. But now various authors have reported the prevalence of uterine anomalies using standard diagnostic techniques. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various uterine congenital anomalies among women of reproductive age (15–45 years) with no previous uterine pathology. Methodology: An ultrasound was utilized to take a transabdominal sonographs of both longitudinal and transverse planes from the supine position of participants who were made to consume
500–1000 mL of water to promote diuresis for the duration of the scan. Scans were then interpreted. Results: From a study of 200 participants whose mean age group fell around 30 ± 8 years, 140 of the women were parous and 60 were nulliparous. Twelve of the participants displayed anomalies that included bicornuate, arcuate, and septate. Five cases of the bicornuate uterus (2.5%), four arcuate uterus (2.0%), and three
septate uterus (1.5%) were noted. Conclusion: From a sample size of 200, the occurrence of uterine anomalies is 6%, with no cases of uterine agenesis or a hypoplastic uterus.
Keywords: Arcuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, septate uterus, uterine anomalies
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2024
Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, wh... more Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, which is not the usual or normal arrangement. It is classically subdivided into the subsets of asplenia and polysplenia syndrome. Here, we present our findings in a female cadaver which do not conform to the usual subset of asplenia or polysplenia, and in fact, showed hyposplenia with a subhepatic cecum and bilateral bilobed lungs. Polysplenia has traditionally been thought to be associated with anomalies of intestinal rotation. The incidence is not known, but they are collectively termed malrotation and include nonrotation, incomplete, or the rare reversed rotation. Asplenia is also documented with a high degree of abdominal heterotaxy. This particular case does not conform to the traditional classification of asplenia or polysplenia. Features suggestive of polysplenia, in this case, are bilateral bilobed lungs and situs ambiguous. In concordance with asplenia, it has a spleen of reduced size and a large liver with extra lobation, which shows that it does not confine to a single subset. It is suggested that a separate entity of hyposplenia may also be considered, that warrants further research.
Cureus, 2024
Background: Anatomy is one of the most volatile subjects and needs the learner to understand and ... more Background: Anatomy is one of the most volatile subjects and needs the learner to understand and retain a lot of information and terms. It is thus very important to continuously upgrade the methodology from the traditional didactive to interactive teaching to make the student an active learner and engage him in the learning process to categorize and analyze anatomical facts and knowledge. Aims and objectives: The study was done to compare the learning outcomes and perception of medical students towards didactic lectures and interactive quiz-based lectures in anatomy. Methodology: The study was conducted amongst the 200 Year 1 medical undergraduate students enrolled in the Department of Anatomy at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, located in Lucknow, India. The 200 students comprised 120 males (60%) and 80 females (40%). The mean age of male students was 19.67 years and of females was 19.52 years. The students were divided into two groups of hundred students each by a method of convenience sampling. Students of group I were taught by an interactive quizbased lecture and group II by a traditional didactic lecture. A pre-and post-test were conducted for both groups and feedback for both methods was taken by using a pre-validated feedback form based on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: On statistical analysis, it was found that in the post-test the performance of group I taught by the interactive quiz-based study was better as compared to group II taught by traditional didactive teaching, but was not statistically significant (p=0.233, p>0.05). The feedback from students revealed that 45.9% of them strongly agreed and 44.9% agreed with the fact that quiz-based lectures are better than routine lectures. Conclusions: Results of the present study clearly indicate that the introduction of quiz-based anatomy teaching for undergraduate medical students was well received and appeared to improve their learning outcomes in the form of increased attention and participation during class and would lead to better retention of the topics taught during interactive lectures. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has been done to document the efficacy of quiz-based teaching for the subject of anatomy.
The FASEB Journal, May 1, 2021
National journal of clinical anatomy, 2023
Background: First cervical vertebra has different anatomical features than other cervical vertebr... more Background: First cervical vertebra has different anatomical features than other cervical vertebrae. It holds globe of skull and lacks body
and spine. It is composed of 2 lateral masses linked by anterior and posterior arches. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is attached to
posterior arch whose lateral edge sometimes ossifies thus converting groove into canal. Consequently, neurovascular groove gets converted
into a bony ring “ponticulus posticus”. It can cause of neck pain and headache. Knowledge of this variation is important during various
orthopedic procedures involving atlas including C1 lateral mass screw placement.Congenital defects of atlantal arch a developmental failure
of chondrogenesis is a rare anomaly. These defects are a benign variation discovered incidentally. Detection of these anomalies is clinically
important as they can cause acute neurologic deficits, which is associated with neck extension. Study was done: To determine the prevalence
of Ponticulus Posticus and to report the frequency of various types of congenital malformations of the atlantal arch. Methodology: 250
computerized tomography (CT) head and neck in axial and sagittal sections from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of
Dr RMLIMS, Lucknow was studied as CT is the best method to study the bony landmarks and any anomaly. Prevalence of variations was
calculated. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21 by Chi-square test. Result: Prevalence of ponticulus posticus was 32.4%.
Males had higher prevalence (20.4%) than females (12%). Incomplete ponticulus posticus (24.4%) was more than complete variant (8%).
There was predominance of left sided ponticulus posticus(12% vs 8.4%) Deficient posterior arch was found in 9(3.6%) cases. 6 were of type A
3 were of type B. Conclusion: This study will help in determining cause of neurological deficit in patients due to presence of above variations
International journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012
Pre eclampsia, the clinical state prior to full blown eclampsia (siezures), is one of the toxemia... more Pre eclampsia, the clinical state prior to full blown eclampsia (siezures), is one of the toxemias of pregnancy. The basic clinical definition is that it is a pregnancy specific condition of increased blood pressure accompanied by proteinuria, edema or both. Many phenomena have been investigated, but the recurring theme appears to be an abnormally low blood flow into the placenta. The present study was designed to determine the histological changes in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy induced hypertension and to correlate the changes with foetal outcome. A study of sixty placentae was done with the collaboration of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, to find out the histological changes of placenta in 30 women suffering from pregnancy induced hypertension in comparison to 30 women with uncomplicated gestation. The main histological features noted were cytotrophoblastic proliferation, basement membrane thickening, vasculosyncytial membrane deficiency which correlated well with the foetal outcome. The other features noted were syncytial knot formation, fibrinoid necrosis and stromal fibrosis.
Cureus, 2023
Background Cadaveric teaching has been the gold standard for gross anatomy instruction through th... more Background Cadaveric teaching has been the gold standard for gross anatomy instruction through the ages and across the geographic spectrum, but with issues of availability faced in many medical schools, there is a need to look for other options. Digital tools like virtual dissectors that simulate the cadaver have been around for some years now, but their acceptability to the teachers and students and effectiveness need to be validated in the settings where applied. Aim To evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of using computer-based simulation tools for teaching gross anatomy via online mode to undergraduate medical students. Methodology A prospective crossover randomized controlled study was conducted online on 200 (120 males (60%) and 80 females (40%), Year 1 medical undergraduates (mean age males: 19.67 years and females: 19.52 years), wherein two broad topics of head and neck region were taught by didactic lectures delivered online via Zoom. Dissection videos were prepared for both cadaveric and computer-based simulation teaching. Groups were divided by random allocation and pre-and post-tests and feedback surveys were conducted online. Results A significant increase from pre-to post-test scores was found in both cadaveric and computer-based simulation techniques. However, more change was found in the computer technique as its t-value was more than the cadaveric technique. The feedback from the students was that the computer-based simulation teaching method gave them a good insight into 3D understanding of the human body, increased understanding of relations of body structures and capacity to grasp surface anatomy. Conclusion The study concluded that teaching gross anatomy through computer-based simulation techniques is acceptable to both the students and faculty. The study also concluded that it is an effective and feasible method that can be used to complement cadaveric teaching to revisit areas already dissected and for quick revision.
International journal of anatomy and research, Dec 31, 2015
The paranasal sinuses are subject to large variety of lesions. Congenital malformations and norma... more The paranasal sinuses are subject to large variety of lesions. Congenital malformations and normal anatomic variations are important in this region To find out prevalence of frontal sinus aplasia in normal healthy population and to discuss its clinical importance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis is performed on CT scans of head & neck region of patients visiting Radio-diagnosis Department of Era's Lucknow Medical College. Results: Frontal sinus aplasia was observed in 6.6% of target population. Conclusion: It is important for surgeons to be aware of variations in sinuses that may predispose patients to increased risk of intraoperative complications and help avoid possible complications and improve success of management strategies.
Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery
Background Lesser wing of sphenoid joins the body of sphenoid by two roots which are separated by... more Background Lesser wing of sphenoid joins the body of sphenoid by two roots which are separated by the optic canal. Optic canal is a communicating channel between orbit and middle cranial fossa, forming a passage for the ophthalmic artery and optic nerve. Considering the delicate neurovascular structure that traverses the narrow confines of the optic canal, knowledge of the morphometry, anatomical variations of this canal and their relations becomes an important part of diagnostic medicine and surgical management. Objective The aim of the study was to conduct morphometric analysis and document variations of optic canal in north Indian population and study its sexual dimorphism. Material and Method Type of Study Cross-sectional study. Sample size 200 Computerized tomography head axial section scans from picture archiving and communication system. The computer-assisted measurements of optic canal parameters were obtained on both right and left sides. Statistical analysis Unpaired t-tes...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Introduction: The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest commissural bundle connecting the two cereb... more Introduction: The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the largest commissural bundle connecting the two cerebral hemispheres which is involved in learning, memory, thinking, three-dimensional visual ability, executive functions as well as behavioural patterns. Exact morphometric dimensions are a prerequisite before surgical interventions and stereotactic approaches to the foramen of Munro and also in cases of callosectomy for intractable epilepsy as inconsistencies exist regarding gender and age related changes of CC. Also, most published studies are from the western world and very few studies are from South-east Asia and India. Aim: To study the morphometry of CC and possible age, gender related variations using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was done in Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2019 to October 2019. A total of 200 head MRI scan...
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy, 2022
Background: The mandibular nerve exits the cranial cavity by traversing through the foramen ovale... more Background: The mandibular nerve exits the cranial cavity by traversing through the foramen ovale (FO) which is located in the greater wing
of sphenoid, posterolateral to foramen rotundum. This foramen also provides an entry portal to the accessory middle meningeal artery and
helps exit the lesser petrosal nerve apart from the emissary veins. Tumors and masses in infratemporal region require an accurate and precise
morphometry of FO, before planning any surgical procedure. The aim of this study is to record and analyze the metric and nonmetric data and
compares the morphometry of FO with gender and age. Methodology: Type of study – Retrospective observational study. The sample size was
200 computerized tomography head axial section scans without any disease which might alter the anatomy of foramen, from picture archiving
and communication system. Bilateral foraminal parameters were obtained with the help of computer‑assisted software. Results: The mean
length, breadth, distance from mid‑sagittal plane, and size of FO in males were 7.75 ± 1.16, 3.98 ± 0.91, 21.40 ± 1.75, and 30.94 ± 8.79, and
in females, measurements were 6.90 ± 0.78, 3.57 ± 1.04, 20.36 ± 1.62, and 24.86 ± 9.08, respectively. Septation was observed in 2% of cases
and the most common shape observed was oval (84%). Totally 26% of accessory foramina were observed. Conclusion: Significant gender
differences were seen in the morphometry in all the four parameters. A significant difference with age was seen only with distance of foramen
from midsagittal plane. Variations in morphometry and shapes of the FO may affect clinical and diagnostic procedures.
Keywords: Computerized tomography, foramen ovale, gender difference, mandibular nerve, retrospective study
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2020
Background: As the humans age, there is decrease in size of brain tissue, increase in cerebrospin... more Background: As the humans age, there is decrease in size of brain tissue, increase in cerebrospinal fluid volume and enlargement of ventricles. Brain ventricles can be studied by taking linear, planimetric or volumetric measurements. Linear ratios of width of ventricles to the width of skull or brain are considered to be an easy and reproducible measurement for assessment of ventricles. Evans' index is one such linear ratio; it is the ratio of maximum width of frontal horns and maximum transverse internal diameter of skull in the same plane. Purpose of study: The purpose of our study was to obtain a baseline data of reference values of Evans index, in healthy north Indian population.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2017
Introduction: After death, biological tissue decomposes by autolysis or putrefaction. Ultimately,... more Introduction: After death, biological tissue decomposes by autolysis or putrefaction. Ultimately, it disintegrates into its inorganic elements. Ever since the beginning of human life, efforts have been made to stop decay and to keep the body intact, primarily to keep the mortal frame for coming back to life sometime later (e.g. Egyptian mummification in 1550 BC and cryo-preservation in 20th century). Preservation was the introduction of formalin. Formalin consolidates tissue and stops the rapid decomposition processes. Disadvantages to formalin fixation include unnatural hardening and dis-or discoloration of the tissues. The introduction of formalin was followed by the color-preserving embalming solutions. Formalin, however, is still mainly used for preservation of cadavers because of its preservation properties. Embedding of organic tissue in plastic was introduced in the 1960s. In 1978 Gunther von Hagens invented plastination. This technique utilizes both impregnation and embedding. Observation: We observed the persevered organs by formalin and plastinated specimen. Formalin persevered specimen is difficult to handle (brittle), transportation is a tedious process with problems of spillage and internal structure are seen where as Plastinated organs are easy to handling odourless non hazardous, stable procedure and provide better platform to study for a longer span of time. Conclusion: Development of different methods of preservation has supported and will continue to support both medical research and teaching.
International Journal of Advanced Research , 2014
in collaboration with Dept of Radiology. M R I scans of thoraco-lumbar region of 100 patients wer... more in collaboration with Dept of Radiology. M R I scans of thoraco-lumbar region of 100 patients were assessed for various anatomical parameters. Results: Out of 100 cases 18(18%) were found to have Schmorl's nodes. No independent association of Schmorl's node with back pain was identified. Conclusion: Schmorl's node is common in elderly population with frequency similar to that in young population. Presence of Schmorls node's is not always associated with pain
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014
Congenital malformations of inner ear are rare anomalies. These occur due to arrested development... more Congenital malformations of inner ear are rare anomalies. These occur due to arrested development at different stages of embryogenesis. One rare anomaly of inner ear is Mondini dysplasia. Possibly it occurs due to arrested development of cochlea in its embryonic stage at about sixth week of gestation. In this anomaly only basal turn of cochlea is developed. There is deficient interscalar septum for distal one & half turn. Thus bony cochlea is restricted to 1.5 turns only. This causes sensorineural hearing loss. One such anomaly was recognized clinically in a 4yrs old girl who presented with congenital deafness. Thorough systemic & specific examination was done.Radiological examination (Computed Tomography) revealed, that there was defect in the turn of cochlea i.e. cochlea was only one half turn.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2016
Aims and objectives: The palate forms a partition between the oral cavity and nasal cavity. The p... more Aims and objectives: The palate forms a partition between the oral cavity and nasal cavity. The palate is made up of two parts hard palate and soft palate. The hard palate forms the anterior part of the palate, the soft palate forms a movable muscular fold covered by mucous membrane that is suspended from the posterior border of hard palate. Soft palate morphological variations have a great paucity in the literature. It is also believed that the soft palate has no such important anatomical variations. There is a variable presentation of the soft palate morphology in the lateral cephalograms. The aim of this study was to identify the velar morphology. Material and methods: 100 normal subjects between the age group of 20 and 35 were taken for the study. Lateral Cephalogram (radiologic study) was taken. Results: Different shapes of the soft palate were observed in the lateral cephalograms. The morphology of soft palate was classified into six types (1) Leaf like (50 cases) most common type, (2) Straight line (20 cases), (3) S shaped (4 cases) very rare, (4) Butt like (10 cases), (5) Rat tail (6 cases), (6) Hook shaped (10 cases). Conclusion: This classification helps us to understand the better diversity of the velar morphology in mid sagittal plane. These findings help us to understand the etiology of OSAS.