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Books by Leslie Anne Warden
Contents: 1. Egyptian economic history: locating power, placing agency 2. Wages and payers 3. Ar... more Contents:
1. Egyptian economic history: locating power, placing agency
2. Wages and payers
3. Archaeology, pottery, and economy
4. Beer jars, standardization and economy
5. Bread moulds: an independent economic unit?
6. Microeconomic systems: ceramic production
7. Placing royal administration and state revenue
8. The state of the Egyptian economy
Papers by Leslie Anne Warden
Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 2021
The North Kharga Oasis Darb Ain Amur Survey (NKODAAS) has been exploring the extreme northern are... more The North Kharga Oasis Darb Ain Amur Survey (NKODAAS) has been exploring the extreme northern area and western extension of Kharga Oasis in order to locate and document hitherto undiscovered and unrecorded archaeological sites and material. The archaeological sites identified during the course of the survey are varied, including rock art, routes, mines, quarries, water dumps, wells, shelters, hamlets, and settlements. The site presented here is a Roman/“Late Antique” complex, including a church and several related areas of settlement and industrial activity devoted to alum mining and sandstone quarrying, that played a role in the history of the economy and landscape of Kharga Oasis.
Expedition, 2015
When one includes non-elite evidence in an analysis of Old Kingdom society, it becomes evident th... more When one includes non-elite evidence in an analysis of Old Kingdom society, it becomes evident that power cannot be simplified to a top down, pyramid model. Rather, complex processes of state and local administration, kinship ties, and patronage created webs of power in the Old Kingdom. Many authorities held power. Power networks can be very broadly divided into two separate though interconnected spheres: the royal and, more challengingly, the private. We shall investigate the interaction of royal and private power by looking at settlement and landscape organization; the religious system; social relationships; and the economy.
The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies t... more The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies towards centralization. The state is seen as the hand guiding economic policies, using taxation to support state activities such as (but not limited to) building. This paper reinvestigates the textual evidence for state-organized taxation in the Old Kingdom, including the Palermo Stone and late Old Kingdom exemption decrees. These documents show that taxation policies evolved from the early to late halves of that period; nowhere, however, does the state appear to rely on taxation as a regular or dominant mechanism for centralized wealth production. Instead, taxation appears to have been more an exceptional action instead of a regular, standard activity applied to the whole country.
The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies t... more The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies towards centralization. The state is seen as the hand guiding economic policies, using taxation to support state activities such as (but not limited to) building. This paper reinvestigates the textual evidence for state-organized taxation in the Old Kingdom, including the Palermo Stone and late Old Kingdom exemption decrees. These documents show that taxation policies evolved from the early to late halves of that period; nowhere, however, does the state appear to rely on taxation as a regular or dominant mechanism for centralized wealth production. Instead, taxation appears to have been more an exceptional action instead of a regular, standard activity applied to the whole country.
Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010, 2011
The Egyptian economy is typically described as redistributive, following the framework establishe... more The Egyptian economy is typically described as redistributive, following the framework established by Karl Polanyi. In a redistributive system, the state supports its population by gathering goods from producers and redistributing them among the general population. Previous studies ...
Conference Presentations by Leslie Anne Warden
Reality of Life. A Synthesis of Archaeology and Natural Sciences: Workshop on Archaeometry in Egy... more Reality of Life. A Synthesis of Archaeology and Natural Sciences: Workshop on Archaeometry in Egyptian Archaeology. Aswan and Cairo, 30 Nov - 4 Dec 2014
Contents: 1. Egyptian economic history: locating power, placing agency 2. Wages and payers 3. Ar... more Contents:
1. Egyptian economic history: locating power, placing agency
2. Wages and payers
3. Archaeology, pottery, and economy
4. Beer jars, standardization and economy
5. Bread moulds: an independent economic unit?
6. Microeconomic systems: ceramic production
7. Placing royal administration and state revenue
8. The state of the Egyptian economy
Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 2021
The North Kharga Oasis Darb Ain Amur Survey (NKODAAS) has been exploring the extreme northern are... more The North Kharga Oasis Darb Ain Amur Survey (NKODAAS) has been exploring the extreme northern area and western extension of Kharga Oasis in order to locate and document hitherto undiscovered and unrecorded archaeological sites and material. The archaeological sites identified during the course of the survey are varied, including rock art, routes, mines, quarries, water dumps, wells, shelters, hamlets, and settlements. The site presented here is a Roman/“Late Antique” complex, including a church and several related areas of settlement and industrial activity devoted to alum mining and sandstone quarrying, that played a role in the history of the economy and landscape of Kharga Oasis.
Expedition, 2015
When one includes non-elite evidence in an analysis of Old Kingdom society, it becomes evident th... more When one includes non-elite evidence in an analysis of Old Kingdom society, it becomes evident that power cannot be simplified to a top down, pyramid model. Rather, complex processes of state and local administration, kinship ties, and patronage created webs of power in the Old Kingdom. Many authorities held power. Power networks can be very broadly divided into two separate though interconnected spheres: the royal and, more challengingly, the private. We shall investigate the interaction of royal and private power by looking at settlement and landscape organization; the religious system; social relationships; and the economy.
The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies t... more The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies towards centralization. The state is seen as the hand guiding economic policies, using taxation to support state activities such as (but not limited to) building. This paper reinvestigates the textual evidence for state-organized taxation in the Old Kingdom, including the Palermo Stone and late Old Kingdom exemption decrees. These documents show that taxation policies evolved from the early to late halves of that period; nowhere, however, does the state appear to rely on taxation as a regular or dominant mechanism for centralized wealth production. Instead, taxation appears to have been more an exceptional action instead of a regular, standard activity applied to the whole country.
The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies t... more The government of the Egyptian Old Kingdom is often thought to have exhibited strong tendencies towards centralization. The state is seen as the hand guiding economic policies, using taxation to support state activities such as (but not limited to) building. This paper reinvestigates the textual evidence for state-organized taxation in the Old Kingdom, including the Palermo Stone and late Old Kingdom exemption decrees. These documents show that taxation policies evolved from the early to late halves of that period; nowhere, however, does the state appear to rely on taxation as a regular or dominant mechanism for centralized wealth production. Instead, taxation appears to have been more an exceptional action instead of a regular, standard activity applied to the whole country.
Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2010, 2011
The Egyptian economy is typically described as redistributive, following the framework establishe... more The Egyptian economy is typically described as redistributive, following the framework established by Karl Polanyi. In a redistributive system, the state supports its population by gathering goods from producers and redistributing them among the general population. Previous studies ...
Reality of Life. A Synthesis of Archaeology and Natural Sciences: Workshop on Archaeometry in Egy... more Reality of Life. A Synthesis of Archaeology and Natural Sciences: Workshop on Archaeometry in Egyptian Archaeology. Aswan and Cairo, 30 Nov - 4 Dec 2014
Course Description: This course will introduce students to the funerary archaeology of Egypt and ... more Course Description: This course will introduce students to the funerary archaeology of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Mortuary archaeology highlights not only the deceased, but the world of the living. To that end, we will use Egyptian and Near Eastern mortuary evidence to reconstruct their cultural norms. We will explore archaeological and historic evidence for ancient funerary rituals and beliefs, human sacrifice, and the role of the tomb. Case studies such as the Royal Tombs of Ur, the Egyptian Theban Necropolis, and Egyptian royal mummies will be used to illustrate changing archaeological practices and methodologies.
This course will introduce you to the methods and theories of archaeology, the study of the human... more This course will introduce you to the methods and theories of archaeology, the study of the human past through the analysis of material culture. Working with material culture forces us to re-evaluate our assumptions – or the often idealized or mythical descriptions of life as they appear in text - about how life was lived in the past. This course will cover the basic artifact types, practical application of archaeological survey and excavation, methods of analysis, and the theoretical schools which help guide our understanding of the archaeological record. We will also explore several “great sites” across the globe, using them as case studies in order to understand how archaeological data can be applied, and how cultures have varied over the extent of the human past. As a field, archaeology is often glamorized and fictionalized. We will see the truth and the fallacies behind portrayals such as Indiana Jones and Tomb Raider!
Course Description: "That it took so long for the textiles to be examined in detail is yet anothe... more Course Description: "That it took so long for the textiles to be examined in detail is yet another of the mysteries surrounding the figure of Tutankhamun. Perhaps the answer lies in the way Egyptology has traditionally been approached, namely with an emphasis on the written, rather than material culture. There is also a certain prejudice on the side of (the mostly male) Egyptologists as regards the question of whether textiles and costume constitute a serious and 'academic' field of study. Perhaps there is also some snobbery involved. The treasure, especially the Golden Mask, captured the popular images and made the academic study of the other objects from the tomb somewhat suspect in the eyes of some academics. " G. M. Vogelsang-Eastwood, Tutankhamen's Wardrobe, p. 4 (1999)
The term 'Egyptian Art' evokes pyramids, King Tut's mask, and strangely contorted two dimensional figures. Yet Egyptian art encompasses so much more than painting, relief, statuary, and architecture. Furniture, boxes, pottery, and similar artifacts could employ the same visual and symbolic language and relief and sculpture; they could also engage with new themes and purposes. Through introduction to minor art objects made of wood, ceramic, linen, faience, and more, you will learn to question what we value and why, and the meaning of things potentially deemed insignificant. What is art, and what is worthy of consideration? How do the small things give and express meaning in both the greater culture and in individual lives? How might the 'minor arts' both influence and respond to a person's actions?
In 2019 the German Archaeological Institute Cairo (German Institute) and Swiss Institute for Arch... more In 2019 the German Archaeological Institute Cairo (German Institute) and Swiss Institute for Architectural and Archaeological Research in Cairo (Swiss Institute) celebrate the 50th anniversary of work on Elephantine Island. Apart from that, both institutes continued their research in the 2018-2019 season. The German Institute concluded excavations in the late Middle Kingdom settlement layers in the north-western part of the ancient town and conducted a series of studies of find materials both on site as well as in laboratories. The Swiss Institute focused on material studies, amongst them sealing impression from the Late Period and ceramics. Apart from that, a study on cylinder seals and sealing impressions excavated by the German Institute in past seasons was also conducted. Last, but not least, the German Institute collaborated with the Ministry of Antiquities in refurbishing Aswan Museum on Elephantine Island.
Handed in to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt for publication in ASAE.