Eric J Christopher | Rogers Memorial Hospital (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by Eric J Christopher

Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2002

Archives of …, Jan 1, 2001

Archives of Internal Medicine, Jan 1, 2001

Current Psychiatry Reports, Jan 1, 2003

Archives of internal …, Jan 1, 2008

Recent studies suggest that the use of antidepressants may be associated with increased mortality... more Recent studies suggest that the use of antidepressants may be associated with increased mortality in patients with cardiac disease. Because depression has also been shown to be associated with increased mortality in these patients, it remains unclear if this association is attributable to the use of antidepressants or to depression. To evaluate the association of long-term mortality with antidepressant use and depression, we studied 1006 patients aged 18 years or older with clinical heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less (62% with ischemic disease) between March 1997 and June 2003. The patients were followed up for vital status annually thereafter. Depression status, which was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and use of antidepressants, was prospectively collected. The main outcome of interest was long-term mortality. Of the study patients, 30.0% were depressed (defined by a BDI score > or =10) and 24.2% were taking antidepressants (79.6% of these patients were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] only). The vital status was obtained from all participants at an average follow-up of 972 (731) (mean [SD]) days. During this period, 42.7% of the participants died. Overall, the use of antidepressants (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.69) or SSRIs only (unadjusted HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.99-1.74) was associated with increased mortality. However, the association between antidepressant use (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.94-1.64) and increased mortality no longer existed after depression and other confounders were controlled for. Nonetheless, depression remained associated with increased mortality (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07-1.66). Similarly, depression (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.68) rather than SSRI use (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.81-1.50) was independently associated with increased mortality after adjustment. Our findings suggest that depression (defined by a BDI score > or =10), but not antidepressant use, is associated with increased mortality in patients with heart failure.

Psychosomatics, Jan 1, 2005

The American …, Jan 1, 2005

Page 259. Mania, Catatonia, and Psychosis Prakash S. Masand, MD Eric J. Christopher, MD Greg L. C... more Page 259. Mania, Catatonia, and Psychosis Prakash S. Masand, MD Eric J. Christopher, MD Greg L. Clary, MD Rajnish Mago, MD James L. Levenson, MD Ashwin A. Patkar, MD !!\ l THIS CHAPTER, we review the impact of mania ...

Archives of Intern Med, Jan 1, 2001

American heart …, Jan 1, 2007

Depression is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with short-term poo... more Depression is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with short-term poor prognosis. However, the long-term effect of depression and the use of self-administered depression evaluation on HF prognosis remained unknown. The study sought to assess the association of depressive symptoms and long-term mortality of patients with HF and to explore the prognostic predictability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale for patients with HF. Hospitalized patients with HF between March 1997 and June 2003 were recruited. All participants were given the self-administered BDI scale for depression assessment during the index admission. They were then followed for 6 months for the collection of vital status, and annually thereafter. Total study population comprises 1006 patients. The mean BDI score was 8.3 +/- 7.1. The average days of follow-up were 971 +/- 730 and the vital status was obtained from all participants. During this period, 42.6% of the participants died. Depression (defined by BDI score > or = 10) was significantly and independently associated with reduced survival (adjusted hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.70, P < .001). Patients whose BDI scores were 5 to 9, 10 to 18, and > or = 19 were 21%, 53%, and 83% more likely to die, respectively, than patients whose BDI score was < 5 (P < .001). Self-rated depression by BDI is independently linked with higher long-term mortality in patients with HF. Significant dose effect of depressive symptoms on higher mortality is noted.

American Journal of …, Jan 1, 2006

Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2002

Archives of …, Jan 1, 2001

Archives of Internal Medicine, Jan 1, 2001

Current Psychiatry Reports, Jan 1, 2003

Archives of internal …, Jan 1, 2008

Recent studies suggest that the use of antidepressants may be associated with increased mortality... more Recent studies suggest that the use of antidepressants may be associated with increased mortality in patients with cardiac disease. Because depression has also been shown to be associated with increased mortality in these patients, it remains unclear if this association is attributable to the use of antidepressants or to depression. To evaluate the association of long-term mortality with antidepressant use and depression, we studied 1006 patients aged 18 years or older with clinical heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less (62% with ischemic disease) between March 1997 and June 2003. The patients were followed up for vital status annually thereafter. Depression status, which was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and use of antidepressants, was prospectively collected. The main outcome of interest was long-term mortality. Of the study patients, 30.0% were depressed (defined by a BDI score > or =10) and 24.2% were taking antidepressants (79.6% of these patients were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] only). The vital status was obtained from all participants at an average follow-up of 972 (731) (mean [SD]) days. During this period, 42.7% of the participants died. Overall, the use of antidepressants (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.69) or SSRIs only (unadjusted HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.99-1.74) was associated with increased mortality. However, the association between antidepressant use (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.94-1.64) and increased mortality no longer existed after depression and other confounders were controlled for. Nonetheless, depression remained associated with increased mortality (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07-1.66). Similarly, depression (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.68) rather than SSRI use (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.81-1.50) was independently associated with increased mortality after adjustment. Our findings suggest that depression (defined by a BDI score > or =10), but not antidepressant use, is associated with increased mortality in patients with heart failure.

Psychosomatics, Jan 1, 2005

The American …, Jan 1, 2005

Page 259. Mania, Catatonia, and Psychosis Prakash S. Masand, MD Eric J. Christopher, MD Greg L. C... more Page 259. Mania, Catatonia, and Psychosis Prakash S. Masand, MD Eric J. Christopher, MD Greg L. Clary, MD Rajnish Mago, MD James L. Levenson, MD Ashwin A. Patkar, MD !!\ l THIS CHAPTER, we review the impact of mania ...

Archives of Intern Med, Jan 1, 2001

American heart …, Jan 1, 2007

Depression is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with short-term poo... more Depression is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with short-term poor prognosis. However, the long-term effect of depression and the use of self-administered depression evaluation on HF prognosis remained unknown. The study sought to assess the association of depressive symptoms and long-term mortality of patients with HF and to explore the prognostic predictability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale for patients with HF. Hospitalized patients with HF between March 1997 and June 2003 were recruited. All participants were given the self-administered BDI scale for depression assessment during the index admission. They were then followed for 6 months for the collection of vital status, and annually thereafter. Total study population comprises 1006 patients. The mean BDI score was 8.3 +/- 7.1. The average days of follow-up were 971 +/- 730 and the vital status was obtained from all participants. During this period, 42.6% of the participants died. Depression (defined by BDI score > or = 10) was significantly and independently associated with reduced survival (adjusted hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.70, P < .001). Patients whose BDI scores were 5 to 9, 10 to 18, and > or = 19 were 21%, 53%, and 83% more likely to die, respectively, than patients whose BDI score was < 5 (P < .001). Self-rated depression by BDI is independently linked with higher long-term mortality in patients with HF. Significant dose effect of depressive symptoms on higher mortality is noted.

American Journal of …, Jan 1, 2006