Dr. Hachimenum Amadi | RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Hachimenum Amadi

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Off-Grid Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance and Current Status

Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, Mar 28, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term Load Forecasting for Optimal Power System Planning and Decision-Making

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, Mar 14, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of a Direct Current Motor Speed Control using a Three-Phase Bridge Thyristor Rectifier

This paper x-rays the workability of a direct current(DC) electric motor speed control via a 3-Φb... more This paper x-rays the workability of a direct current(DC) electric motor speed control via a 3-Φbridge thyristor rectifier. The devices are applied to control the given power so as to check the speed of the DC motor. The gadgets are inserted on a heat sink to lower the heat ratio of the semiconductor for effective running and good performance of the system. Armature Voltage Control method is applied in this study where the voltage supplied to the winding of the armature of the D.C motor is checked to alter the velocity of the direct current motor. The model of mathematics is utilized to design a D.C. motor that is separately excited whose rating is 5HP (3.78kW), with a voltage of 240V and speed of 1750 rpm. MATLAB Simulink software is used for the analysis and simulation. Speed of the Armature voltage is checked using different 1-ΦAC/DC converters such as half converter, semi converter, full converter and dual converter thyristor-based circuits for speed control of the DC motor. This is actualized through the use of power semiconductor devices. Conclusively, the study carried out showed that a thyristor can be used in controlling the speed of a direct current motor.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria, Location &  Capacity, Performance and Present Status

This survey research paper, titled "Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performa... more This survey research paper, titled "Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance, and Present Status (Part A)" focuses on five major thermal power plants in Nigeria. Noticeably, electric power is a significant challenge for the industrial growth of a developing country. Rural areas often lack access to generated power. The major plants discussed include Egbin Thermal Power Plant (Lagos State), Alaoji Thermal Power Plant (Abia State), Afam Thermal Power Plant (Rivers State), Ughelli Delta Thermal Power Plant (Delta State), and Olorunsogo Power Plant (Ogun State), all located in the south-west part of Nigeria near gas pipelines. The article aims to extract data and information from various sources herein to provide insights into the generation capacity, location, and performance of these power plants. Ownership varies, with some power plants government-owned and others operating
as public-private partnerships under NIPP, etc. The generation capacity may differ due to ongoing efforts to increase capacity as the case may be. Thus, the overview of these major thermal power plants in Nigeria is presented in tables, detailing installation year, commission, and current generation capacity. Subsequently, Part B will present other major thermal power plants in Nigeria, covering their status, ownership, and operational capacity.

Research paper thumbnail of Techno Economic Design of a Standalone Solar PV System for TY Danjuma Conference Building Rivers State University

Photovoltaic systems (PVs) are a clean and pollution-free energy source that can be used on vario... more Photovoltaic systems (PVs) are a clean and pollution-free energy source that can be used on various scales, including grid-tied and off-grid systems. Standalone systems are easier to operate than grid-tied systems, and the PVs are commonly installed on rooftops. This study aims to address the issue of frequent grid-power cuts and high operational costs of diesel fuel, which can affect productivity from PV systems during working hours. To achieve this objective, a load survey was conducted and design calculations were made to normalise the peak watt power to 42kWp as demanded. Computational and analytical methods were applied to analyse the power delivery components required for the loads. The analysis revealed that the cost of running a diesel-powered generator over five years is estimated at N81,852,003, excluding procurement costs. On the other hand, the cost of acquiring the solar components for the study case building is estimated at N41,474,470.32 with zero fuel cost. The resulting computation provides 140 numbers of PV panels, 48 numbers of 12V/200Ah deep cycle batteries, a 25kVA inverter (or with two sets of inverters, 15kVA and 10kVA, 48Vdc/220Vac), 6 numbers 48Vdc/150Amp solar charge controllers or a single 48Vdc/900Amp solar charge controller. The results obtained are in line with the load requirements and the prevailing market for available components. The typical lifespan of most components used in PV systems usually falls within the range of 5 to 10 years. Solar-powered systems offer more advantages in terms of daily, monthly, or yearly running and maintenance costs, and eliminate power cuts as compared to diesel-operated generators used in the case study. The long-term operational benefits of solar PV systems can hardly be ignored.

Research paper thumbnail of A crititical analysis of voltage collapse in a fragile grid - The Nigeria Experience

Research paper thumbnail of Improvement of Power Supply Reliability of Port Harcourt Zone 4 Network, Nigeria

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 25, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED DVR TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY OF RUMUOLA-RUMUOMOI 11kV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

The most vexing problem plaguing Rumuomoi's 11kV distribution network is voltage sag and swel... more The most vexing problem plaguing Rumuomoi's 11kV distribution network is voltage sag and swell, which degrades power quality. There has been no effective mitigation control implemented. The purpose of this research is to address the issue of power quality by implementing artificial neural network (ANN) control with an embedded dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). To begin, the artificial neural network is trained using the input and desired data obtained during simulation using a proportional integral (PI) controller. To limit the amount of data obtained during training, the Levenberg-Marquardt feed forward back method is utilized, and the result for each iteration is determined in Matlab software. The desired dynamic voltage restorer system was tested using a replicated model of Rumuomoi 11kV and it was determined that Bus 7 is 0.938p.u, Bus 8 is 0.9244p.u, Bus 9 is 0.9148p.u, Bus 10 is 0.9035p.u, Bus 11 is 0.8912p.u, and Bus 12 is 0.8811p.u, all of which exceeded the statutory limi...

Research paper thumbnail of Electromagnetic Forces in Power Transformers under short circuit conditions

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Nov 25, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Short Circuit Analysis for Effective Relay Coordination in Nigerian Port Authority, Rivers state

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 13, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Loss, Performance and Carbon Analysis of the Grid-Connected PV System, Rivers State University using PV syst

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 7, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Electric Vehicles Adoption in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges

Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources, Nov 24, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Energy Shortages and Impact on Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

Energy availability is a vital factor for the survival and optimal performance of optimal perform... more Energy availability is a vital factor for the survival and optimal performance of optimal performance of industries worldwide. Energy deficit poses a serious threat to to the optimum performance of industrial processes, industrial growth and economic development of any nation. Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources from which energy could be freely harnessed to meet the nation's ever spiraling energy needs. Owing to various reasons some of which are pin-pointed here, however, Nigeria continues to suffer acute shortage of energy to power the manufacturing sector therefore hindering her industrial and economic development. The study seeks to investigate the impact of energy deficit on the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria as well as suggest ways of using OEE to maximise energy and improve productivity. Data extracted from the sampled firms were used in the computation of the Availability (A), Performance (P), Product Quali...

Research paper thumbnail of Humidity Effects and Mitigation on Generators in the Coastal Areas of Nigeria

Owing to unreliable electricity supply from the national grid, petrol generators are now an essen... more Owing to unreliable electricity supply from the national grid, petrol generators are now an essential part of the energy supply in Nigeria. But Nigeria's climatic environment affects the operation of these generators. This study investigated the effect of humidity on small petrol generators (rated 500W - 10KVA) in the coastal areas of Nigeria. Climatic data on three coastal states namely Rivers, Bayelsa and Akwa Ibom were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET) in Oshodi, Lagos. The data which covered a period of ten years (2008-2017) were analysed using the Statistical Package of the Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. The stator winding insulation of select brands of generators were tested using the Fluke 1555 Insulation Resistance Tester (IRT). Oral interviews were conducted amongst the generator owners and the generator repairmen to obtain operational information about the generators. The results of the study were represented by appropriate tables and chart...

Research paper thumbnail of Design of Grounding System for A.C. Substations with critical consideration of the Mesh, Touch and Step Potentials

Substations are a vital part of the electric power system and therefore require properly designed... more Substations are a vital part of the electric power system and therefore require properly designed grounding systems to ensure protection of persons working in the vicinity of earthed facilities from danger of electric shock, safeguard of equipment against unnecessary breakdowns and maintain steady functioning of the entire electrical system. When electricity is generated remotely and there are no return paths for earth faults other than the earth itself, there is often a risk that earth faults can cause dangerous voltage gradients in the earth around the site of the fault (called ground potential rises). In other words, someone standing near the fault can receive a dangerous electrical shock owing firstly to the presence of a dangerous potential difference between the earth and a metallic object that a person is touching and secondly the presence of another dangerous voltage gradient between the feet of a person standing on earth. The objective of designing a safe grounding system i...

Research paper thumbnail of Soil Resistivity Investigations for Substation Grounding Systems in Wetland Regions

Soil resistivity - a measure of how much the soil resists the flow of electricity is a critical f... more Soil resistivity - a measure of how much the soil resists the flow of electricity is a critical factor in the design of safe and efficient grounding systems. Actual resistivity measurements are required to fully qualify soil resistivity and its effects on any proposed substation grounding system. This paper investigated the soil resistivity in three different sites in Lagos – a wetland region in Nigeria during the wet and dry seasons of 2016 in line with the relevant IEEE Standards and International best practices for determining resistivity levels for substation grounding system designs. To locate the soil of acceptable resistivity values that would ensure effective grounding system design for substations in the region, the Wenner Four-Pin Method was deployed. The findings show that soil resistivity in wetland areas varies according to seasons being significantly high during the dry seasons and significantly low during the wet seasons. The outcome of this study is useful for purpos...

Research paper thumbnail of Effective Earthing System in the Corrosive Soil of Niger Delta

In order to perform its basic function of safeguarding life and property, every power system need... more In order to perform its basic function of safeguarding life and property, every power system needs an earthing profile that is effective and efficient. Recent studies carried out in the Niger Delta show that its soil is corrosive and frequently attacks the earthing system thereby rendering same ineffective thus posing a great danger to human life and property. This paper reviewed several scholarly literature related to the study for possible causes of earthing system failures and found that corrosive soils, poor workmanship, wrong choice of earthing materials, lack of maintenance etc. were dominant factors hindering effective and sustainable earthing system in the Niger Delta. The paper, therefore, recommends the regular use of experienced workmen, choice of quality earthing materials, periodic testing, inspection and maintenance as strategies to improve the earthing condition in the area.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Technical and Non Technical Losses on Power Outages in Nigeria

Adequate and reliable electricity supply is widely accepted as a sine qua non for the rapid socio... more Adequate and reliable electricity supply is widely accepted as a sine qua non for the rapid socio-economic development of any nation. Researchers, over the years, have attributed electricity supply failures mostly to dilapidated electrical equipment, poor maintenance culture etc. Only a few considered the contributions of transmission and distribution losses to frequent power outages. This paper fills the gap by focusing on the effects of technical and non-technical losses on power outages in Nigeria. This study emphasizes the need for more radical measures than are currently being applied to reduce system losses and make the nation's electric power system holistically more efficient.

Research paper thumbnail of Wind Energy Potential of Northern Nigeria: The Case of Sokoto, Maiduguri, Kano and Bauchi

This study used thirty years (1988–2018) wind data collected at 10m height at four study sites in... more This study used thirty years (1988–2018) wind data collected at 10m height at four study sites in northern Nigeria accessed from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Lagos. From the data, the annual mean wind speed, annual average power density (APD), annual average energy density (AED), the Weibull parameters, and , and other relevant functions were computed and analysed using the Microsoft Excel 2013 software package. The study found that the annual mean wind speed ranged between 5.15m/s and 8.99m/s in Sokoto, 4.07m/s to 7.73m/s in Maiduguri, 4.75m/s to 8.42m/s in Kano and 3.99m/s to 7.45m/s in Bauchi. The Weibull shape parameter ( ) ranged from 3.04 to 7.37 in Sokoto, 2.1 to 4.5 in Maiduguri, 2.86 to 8.14 in Kano and 2.35 to 5.42in Bauchi. The Weibull scale parameter ( ) ranged from 5.73 to 9.89 in Sokoto, 4.6 to 8.74in Maiduguri, 5.35 to 15.72 in Kano and 2.35 to 5.42 in Bauchi. The annual average power density (APD) for Sokoto was 159.17W/m 2 , 123.03 W/m 2 for Maiduguri...

Research paper thumbnail of Design and Implementation of an Off-Grid Solar Tracker Control System using Proteus 8.1

Most standalone Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems in Nigeria are of the fixed standalone type and a... more Most standalone Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems in Nigeria are of the fixed standalone type and are fixed either on the roof of a building, at the top of an iron pole or other unmovable positions and so, do not produce required maximum energy conversion due to the varying movement of the sun in the sky. Recent studies have shown that the amount of electric power generated by PV arrays varies continuously with weather conditions. Even under clear weather conditions, the position of the sun changes during the day, which in the case of fixed installed solar panels leads to changes in the effective surface of the solar panels towards the sun and a decreased output power. At present, PV energy conversion efficiency stands at between 9% and 18% depending on the solar cells used, especially in low irradiation conditions. For any PV system, therefore, one option is to increase the energy produced by solar panels through solar tracking. The paper focuses on developing an automatic sun tracki...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Off-Grid Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance and Current Status

Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, Mar 28, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term Load Forecasting for Optimal Power System Planning and Decision-Making

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, Mar 14, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Performance of a Direct Current Motor Speed Control using a Three-Phase Bridge Thyristor Rectifier

This paper x-rays the workability of a direct current(DC) electric motor speed control via a 3-Φb... more This paper x-rays the workability of a direct current(DC) electric motor speed control via a 3-Φbridge thyristor rectifier. The devices are applied to control the given power so as to check the speed of the DC motor. The gadgets are inserted on a heat sink to lower the heat ratio of the semiconductor for effective running and good performance of the system. Armature Voltage Control method is applied in this study where the voltage supplied to the winding of the armature of the D.C motor is checked to alter the velocity of the direct current motor. The model of mathematics is utilized to design a D.C. motor that is separately excited whose rating is 5HP (3.78kW), with a voltage of 240V and speed of 1750 rpm. MATLAB Simulink software is used for the analysis and simulation. Speed of the Armature voltage is checked using different 1-ΦAC/DC converters such as half converter, semi converter, full converter and dual converter thyristor-based circuits for speed control of the DC motor. This is actualized through the use of power semiconductor devices. Conclusively, the study carried out showed that a thyristor can be used in controlling the speed of a direct current motor.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria, Location &  Capacity, Performance and Present Status

This survey research paper, titled "Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performa... more This survey research paper, titled "Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance, and Present Status (Part A)" focuses on five major thermal power plants in Nigeria. Noticeably, electric power is a significant challenge for the industrial growth of a developing country. Rural areas often lack access to generated power. The major plants discussed include Egbin Thermal Power Plant (Lagos State), Alaoji Thermal Power Plant (Abia State), Afam Thermal Power Plant (Rivers State), Ughelli Delta Thermal Power Plant (Delta State), and Olorunsogo Power Plant (Ogun State), all located in the south-west part of Nigeria near gas pipelines. The article aims to extract data and information from various sources herein to provide insights into the generation capacity, location, and performance of these power plants. Ownership varies, with some power plants government-owned and others operating
as public-private partnerships under NIPP, etc. The generation capacity may differ due to ongoing efforts to increase capacity as the case may be. Thus, the overview of these major thermal power plants in Nigeria is presented in tables, detailing installation year, commission, and current generation capacity. Subsequently, Part B will present other major thermal power plants in Nigeria, covering their status, ownership, and operational capacity.

Research paper thumbnail of Techno Economic Design of a Standalone Solar PV System for TY Danjuma Conference Building Rivers State University

Photovoltaic systems (PVs) are a clean and pollution-free energy source that can be used on vario... more Photovoltaic systems (PVs) are a clean and pollution-free energy source that can be used on various scales, including grid-tied and off-grid systems. Standalone systems are easier to operate than grid-tied systems, and the PVs are commonly installed on rooftops. This study aims to address the issue of frequent grid-power cuts and high operational costs of diesel fuel, which can affect productivity from PV systems during working hours. To achieve this objective, a load survey was conducted and design calculations were made to normalise the peak watt power to 42kWp as demanded. Computational and analytical methods were applied to analyse the power delivery components required for the loads. The analysis revealed that the cost of running a diesel-powered generator over five years is estimated at N81,852,003, excluding procurement costs. On the other hand, the cost of acquiring the solar components for the study case building is estimated at N41,474,470.32 with zero fuel cost. The resulting computation provides 140 numbers of PV panels, 48 numbers of 12V/200Ah deep cycle batteries, a 25kVA inverter (or with two sets of inverters, 15kVA and 10kVA, 48Vdc/220Vac), 6 numbers 48Vdc/150Amp solar charge controllers or a single 48Vdc/900Amp solar charge controller. The results obtained are in line with the load requirements and the prevailing market for available components. The typical lifespan of most components used in PV systems usually falls within the range of 5 to 10 years. Solar-powered systems offer more advantages in terms of daily, monthly, or yearly running and maintenance costs, and eliminate power cuts as compared to diesel-operated generators used in the case study. The long-term operational benefits of solar PV systems can hardly be ignored.

Research paper thumbnail of A crititical analysis of voltage collapse in a fragile grid - The Nigeria Experience

Research paper thumbnail of Improvement of Power Supply Reliability of Port Harcourt Zone 4 Network, Nigeria

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 25, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED DVR TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY OF RUMUOLA-RUMUOMOI 11kV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

The most vexing problem plaguing Rumuomoi's 11kV distribution network is voltage sag and swel... more The most vexing problem plaguing Rumuomoi's 11kV distribution network is voltage sag and swell, which degrades power quality. There has been no effective mitigation control implemented. The purpose of this research is to address the issue of power quality by implementing artificial neural network (ANN) control with an embedded dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). To begin, the artificial neural network is trained using the input and desired data obtained during simulation using a proportional integral (PI) controller. To limit the amount of data obtained during training, the Levenberg-Marquardt feed forward back method is utilized, and the result for each iteration is determined in Matlab software. The desired dynamic voltage restorer system was tested using a replicated model of Rumuomoi 11kV and it was determined that Bus 7 is 0.938p.u, Bus 8 is 0.9244p.u, Bus 9 is 0.9148p.u, Bus 10 is 0.9035p.u, Bus 11 is 0.8912p.u, and Bus 12 is 0.8811p.u, all of which exceeded the statutory limi...

Research paper thumbnail of Electromagnetic Forces in Power Transformers under short circuit conditions

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Nov 25, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Short Circuit Analysis for Effective Relay Coordination in Nigerian Port Authority, Rivers state

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 13, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Loss, Performance and Carbon Analysis of the Grid-Connected PV System, Rivers State University using PV syst

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Dec 7, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Electric Vehicles Adoption in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges

Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources, Nov 24, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Energy Shortages and Impact on Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

Energy availability is a vital factor for the survival and optimal performance of optimal perform... more Energy availability is a vital factor for the survival and optimal performance of optimal performance of industries worldwide. Energy deficit poses a serious threat to to the optimum performance of industrial processes, industrial growth and economic development of any nation. Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources from which energy could be freely harnessed to meet the nation's ever spiraling energy needs. Owing to various reasons some of which are pin-pointed here, however, Nigeria continues to suffer acute shortage of energy to power the manufacturing sector therefore hindering her industrial and economic development. The study seeks to investigate the impact of energy deficit on the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria as well as suggest ways of using OEE to maximise energy and improve productivity. Data extracted from the sampled firms were used in the computation of the Availability (A), Performance (P), Product Quali...

Research paper thumbnail of Humidity Effects and Mitigation on Generators in the Coastal Areas of Nigeria

Owing to unreliable electricity supply from the national grid, petrol generators are now an essen... more Owing to unreliable electricity supply from the national grid, petrol generators are now an essential part of the energy supply in Nigeria. But Nigeria's climatic environment affects the operation of these generators. This study investigated the effect of humidity on small petrol generators (rated 500W - 10KVA) in the coastal areas of Nigeria. Climatic data on three coastal states namely Rivers, Bayelsa and Akwa Ibom were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET) in Oshodi, Lagos. The data which covered a period of ten years (2008-2017) were analysed using the Statistical Package of the Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. The stator winding insulation of select brands of generators were tested using the Fluke 1555 Insulation Resistance Tester (IRT). Oral interviews were conducted amongst the generator owners and the generator repairmen to obtain operational information about the generators. The results of the study were represented by appropriate tables and chart...

Research paper thumbnail of Design of Grounding System for A.C. Substations with critical consideration of the Mesh, Touch and Step Potentials

Substations are a vital part of the electric power system and therefore require properly designed... more Substations are a vital part of the electric power system and therefore require properly designed grounding systems to ensure protection of persons working in the vicinity of earthed facilities from danger of electric shock, safeguard of equipment against unnecessary breakdowns and maintain steady functioning of the entire electrical system. When electricity is generated remotely and there are no return paths for earth faults other than the earth itself, there is often a risk that earth faults can cause dangerous voltage gradients in the earth around the site of the fault (called ground potential rises). In other words, someone standing near the fault can receive a dangerous electrical shock owing firstly to the presence of a dangerous potential difference between the earth and a metallic object that a person is touching and secondly the presence of another dangerous voltage gradient between the feet of a person standing on earth. The objective of designing a safe grounding system i...

Research paper thumbnail of Soil Resistivity Investigations for Substation Grounding Systems in Wetland Regions

Soil resistivity - a measure of how much the soil resists the flow of electricity is a critical f... more Soil resistivity - a measure of how much the soil resists the flow of electricity is a critical factor in the design of safe and efficient grounding systems. Actual resistivity measurements are required to fully qualify soil resistivity and its effects on any proposed substation grounding system. This paper investigated the soil resistivity in three different sites in Lagos – a wetland region in Nigeria during the wet and dry seasons of 2016 in line with the relevant IEEE Standards and International best practices for determining resistivity levels for substation grounding system designs. To locate the soil of acceptable resistivity values that would ensure effective grounding system design for substations in the region, the Wenner Four-Pin Method was deployed. The findings show that soil resistivity in wetland areas varies according to seasons being significantly high during the dry seasons and significantly low during the wet seasons. The outcome of this study is useful for purpos...

Research paper thumbnail of Effective Earthing System in the Corrosive Soil of Niger Delta

In order to perform its basic function of safeguarding life and property, every power system need... more In order to perform its basic function of safeguarding life and property, every power system needs an earthing profile that is effective and efficient. Recent studies carried out in the Niger Delta show that its soil is corrosive and frequently attacks the earthing system thereby rendering same ineffective thus posing a great danger to human life and property. This paper reviewed several scholarly literature related to the study for possible causes of earthing system failures and found that corrosive soils, poor workmanship, wrong choice of earthing materials, lack of maintenance etc. were dominant factors hindering effective and sustainable earthing system in the Niger Delta. The paper, therefore, recommends the regular use of experienced workmen, choice of quality earthing materials, periodic testing, inspection and maintenance as strategies to improve the earthing condition in the area.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Technical and Non Technical Losses on Power Outages in Nigeria

Adequate and reliable electricity supply is widely accepted as a sine qua non for the rapid socio... more Adequate and reliable electricity supply is widely accepted as a sine qua non for the rapid socio-economic development of any nation. Researchers, over the years, have attributed electricity supply failures mostly to dilapidated electrical equipment, poor maintenance culture etc. Only a few considered the contributions of transmission and distribution losses to frequent power outages. This paper fills the gap by focusing on the effects of technical and non-technical losses on power outages in Nigeria. This study emphasizes the need for more radical measures than are currently being applied to reduce system losses and make the nation's electric power system holistically more efficient.

Research paper thumbnail of Wind Energy Potential of Northern Nigeria: The Case of Sokoto, Maiduguri, Kano and Bauchi

This study used thirty years (1988–2018) wind data collected at 10m height at four study sites in... more This study used thirty years (1988–2018) wind data collected at 10m height at four study sites in northern Nigeria accessed from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Lagos. From the data, the annual mean wind speed, annual average power density (APD), annual average energy density (AED), the Weibull parameters, and , and other relevant functions were computed and analysed using the Microsoft Excel 2013 software package. The study found that the annual mean wind speed ranged between 5.15m/s and 8.99m/s in Sokoto, 4.07m/s to 7.73m/s in Maiduguri, 4.75m/s to 8.42m/s in Kano and 3.99m/s to 7.45m/s in Bauchi. The Weibull shape parameter ( ) ranged from 3.04 to 7.37 in Sokoto, 2.1 to 4.5 in Maiduguri, 2.86 to 8.14 in Kano and 2.35 to 5.42in Bauchi. The Weibull scale parameter ( ) ranged from 5.73 to 9.89 in Sokoto, 4.6 to 8.74in Maiduguri, 5.35 to 15.72 in Kano and 2.35 to 5.42 in Bauchi. The annual average power density (APD) for Sokoto was 159.17W/m 2 , 123.03 W/m 2 for Maiduguri...

Research paper thumbnail of Design and Implementation of an Off-Grid Solar Tracker Control System using Proteus 8.1

Most standalone Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems in Nigeria are of the fixed standalone type and a... more Most standalone Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems in Nigeria are of the fixed standalone type and are fixed either on the roof of a building, at the top of an iron pole or other unmovable positions and so, do not produce required maximum energy conversion due to the varying movement of the sun in the sky. Recent studies have shown that the amount of electric power generated by PV arrays varies continuously with weather conditions. Even under clear weather conditions, the position of the sun changes during the day, which in the case of fixed installed solar panels leads to changes in the effective surface of the solar panels towards the sun and a decreased output power. At present, PV energy conversion efficiency stands at between 9% and 18% depending on the solar cells used, especially in low irradiation conditions. For any PV system, therefore, one option is to increase the energy produced by solar panels through solar tracking. The paper focuses on developing an automatic sun tracki...

Research paper thumbnail of Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review

Proceedings of 1st International Conference of the Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria the Proceedings, 2024

Renewable energy plays a significant role in the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Go... more Renewable energy plays a significant role in the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide. In Nigeria, a country facing energy challenges and striving for sustainable development, understanding the potential, current status and benefits of renewable energy is crucial. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy in Nigeria, focusing on solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass sources. It examines government policies, investment trends, challenges, and barriers related to renewable energy deployment. Additionally, the paper explores how renewable energy contributes to specific SDGs, emphasising poverty reduction, health, clean energy access, climate action, and partnerships. The study also considered government policies on renewable energy deployment in Nigeria and how renewable energy assists in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a particular focus on poverty reduction, health, access to clean energy, climate action, and partnerships. In conclusion, the paper provides policy recommendations and a call to action to achieve sustainable development through the use of renewable energy.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of Hen Eggs Smart Incubator for Hatching System Based on Internet of Things

Conference: 2019 IEEE 39th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXIX), 2019

For hen breeders, hatching eggs in large quantities is a production problem, when they are incuba... more For hen breeders, hatching eggs in large quantities is a production problem, when they are incubated by hens. This paper describes the development of an intelligent system for a hen egg incubator. This incubation system, based on Arduino, LabVIEW, Google Firebase and MIT App Inventor can control temperature, humidity and egg rotation automatically. In addition, the system can help farmers to monitor the intelligent incubator remotely. Successful hatched hen eggs are typically around 87.55%, 0.41 % hatched defectively, 1.84% hatched but die at birth, and 10.20 % not hatched, so an intelligent temperature and humidity control system can improve the successful hatching rate. The objective of this system is not to offer it for sale, but to make it available for researchers and farmers so that they can replicate it and carry out experiments. In order to do this, the system was kept as simple as possible.