Sonam Tobgay | Royal University of Bhutan (original) (raw)
Papers by Sonam Tobgay
Healthy Lifestyle, 2021
Best time to go for a walk Have you ever wondered is there a "right" time of the day to go for a ... more Best time to go for a walk Have you ever wondered is there a "right" time of the day to go for a walk? On the surface research on the topic revealed discussions on temperature levels, volumes, lung function, each pointed to the evening time. However......
The awareness workshop on Biosecurity, Biosafety and Food safety conducted in Chukha Dzongkhag co... more The awareness workshop on Biosecurity, Biosafety and Food safety conducted in Chukha Dzongkhag comprises of four different venues with 432 participants from various geogs, chiwogs, villages and the business communities. The participants also included the Dzongkhag sector heads, regional heads, geog administrators and extension agents in line with their relevance to the workshop.
Biosecurity is a strategic and integrated approach that encompasses the policy and regulatory frameworks that analyze and manage risks in the sectors of food safety, animal life and health, and plant life and health, including associated environmental risk. Biosecurity covers the introduction of plant pests, animal pests and diseases, and zoonoses, the introduction and release of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and their products. Biosecurity is a holistic concept of direct relevance to the sustainability of agriculture, food safety, and the protection of the environment, including biodiversity. Farm biosecurity is a set of measures designed to protect a property from the entry and spread of pests, diseases and weeds. Farm biosecurity is individual’s responsibility, and that of every person visiting or working on the property.
Watersheds in Bhutan contribute to the country’s major hydro-powers business and also assist in i... more Watersheds in Bhutan contribute to the country’s major hydro-powers business and also assist in increasing productivity of agriculture commodities, and upliftment of people. Therefore, to make a sensible use of natural resources between upstream and down streams, an integrated and holistic approach has been put in place with relevant stakeholders from multidisciplinary background. The road map for the watershed management in Bhutan was formulated accordingly. Wherein the stakeholders should incorporate their management strategies within their plans and provide a needed expertise in the field such as measures to prevent groundwater depletion and pollution, reduce flood and drought risks, minimize soil erosion, land degradation, etc. Out of many, the main objectives of setting up watershed management in the paradigm of natural resource management of Bhutan is for conservation of natural resources, maintaining quality of water in sufficient amount, increased agricultural productivity and socioeconomic upliftment of people by harmonizing the use of natural resources amongst communities within a watershed. Watersheds have proved to be an essential component in the survival of every community.
A study was conducted to analyze species diversity and correlation between different species dive... more A study was conducted to analyze species diversity and correlation between different species diversity, species richness and species evenness, between East and Southwest aspects. The research exercise was carried out inChirpine forest above the College of Natural Resources campus for East aspect and above Samthang for southwest aspect. The numbers of trees, shrubs and herbs were recorded in the quadrate plot measuring 10m x 10mfor trees, 5m x 5m for shrubs and 1m x1m for herbs. A total of 1128 species were recorded from the two study areas. A totalof 450 species were recorded from east aspect and 678 from south west aspect. Generally, the study area is dominated by herbs (E=304, SW=542) followed by shrubs (E=69, SW=59), chirpine (E=53, SW=67), and broadleaf (E=15).
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to compare the mean diversity and Shannon-Wiener information index was used for calculation of species diversity, richness and evenness of two different aspects.Statistically, there was no significant difference found inthe east (M=1.47, SD=0.38) and south west (M=1.15, SD=0.39) aspects; t (16)=1.69, p =0.109, though Shannon-Wiener (H') indices found relatively high diversity in East aspect than Southwest aspect.
It was deduced that species diversity on south west facing aspect was comparatively poor than east facing aspect. This means, the topographical aspect has significant effect on the species diversity.
Agriculture is a science or art of cultivating soil, growing and harvesting crops and raising liv... more Agriculture is a science or art of cultivating soil, growing and harvesting crops and raising livestock.
Zea maize, a widely grown orthodox seed which may be dried for two years without harm Orthodox se... more Zea maize, a widely grown orthodox seed which may be dried for two years without harm Orthodox seeds are seeds which will survive drying and/or freezing during ex-situ conservation. According to information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture there is variation in the ability of orthodox seeds to withstand drying and storage with some seeds being more sensitive than others. Thus some seeds are considered intermediate
The farm financial statements integrate and summarize the information from the farm accounting sy... more The farm financial statements integrate and summarize the information from the farm accounting system. The balance sheet summarizes the asset values, the liabilities, and the net worth position of the business; the income statement summarizes cash receipts, expenses, and inventory schedules; and the cash flow statement provides an overview of the business's cash flow including debt payments, family living expenses and income taxes.
Maps are flat, but the surfaces they represent are curved. Transforming, three-dimensional space ... more Maps are flat, but the surfaces they represent are curved. Transforming, three-dimensional space onto a two dimensional map is called "projection". This process inevitably distorts at least one of the following properties: Shape, Area, Distance, Direction, and often more.
The Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) is a farming system developed by the Mindanao Bap... more The Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) is a farming system developed by the Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Centre in the southern Philippines during the 1970s. Basically attuned to the production needs of small-scale hill farmers, this agroforestry technology has gained wide popularity in Asia because it is culturally appropriate, economically sound and is designed to limit soil erosion.
Healthy Lifestyle, 2021
Best time to go for a walk Have you ever wondered is there a "right" time of the day to go for a ... more Best time to go for a walk Have you ever wondered is there a "right" time of the day to go for a walk? On the surface research on the topic revealed discussions on temperature levels, volumes, lung function, each pointed to the evening time. However......
The awareness workshop on Biosecurity, Biosafety and Food safety conducted in Chukha Dzongkhag co... more The awareness workshop on Biosecurity, Biosafety and Food safety conducted in Chukha Dzongkhag comprises of four different venues with 432 participants from various geogs, chiwogs, villages and the business communities. The participants also included the Dzongkhag sector heads, regional heads, geog administrators and extension agents in line with their relevance to the workshop.
Biosecurity is a strategic and integrated approach that encompasses the policy and regulatory frameworks that analyze and manage risks in the sectors of food safety, animal life and health, and plant life and health, including associated environmental risk. Biosecurity covers the introduction of plant pests, animal pests and diseases, and zoonoses, the introduction and release of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and their products. Biosecurity is a holistic concept of direct relevance to the sustainability of agriculture, food safety, and the protection of the environment, including biodiversity. Farm biosecurity is a set of measures designed to protect a property from the entry and spread of pests, diseases and weeds. Farm biosecurity is individual’s responsibility, and that of every person visiting or working on the property.
Watersheds in Bhutan contribute to the country’s major hydro-powers business and also assist in i... more Watersheds in Bhutan contribute to the country’s major hydro-powers business and also assist in increasing productivity of agriculture commodities, and upliftment of people. Therefore, to make a sensible use of natural resources between upstream and down streams, an integrated and holistic approach has been put in place with relevant stakeholders from multidisciplinary background. The road map for the watershed management in Bhutan was formulated accordingly. Wherein the stakeholders should incorporate their management strategies within their plans and provide a needed expertise in the field such as measures to prevent groundwater depletion and pollution, reduce flood and drought risks, minimize soil erosion, land degradation, etc. Out of many, the main objectives of setting up watershed management in the paradigm of natural resource management of Bhutan is for conservation of natural resources, maintaining quality of water in sufficient amount, increased agricultural productivity and socioeconomic upliftment of people by harmonizing the use of natural resources amongst communities within a watershed. Watersheds have proved to be an essential component in the survival of every community.
A study was conducted to analyze species diversity and correlation between different species dive... more A study was conducted to analyze species diversity and correlation between different species diversity, species richness and species evenness, between East and Southwest aspects. The research exercise was carried out inChirpine forest above the College of Natural Resources campus for East aspect and above Samthang for southwest aspect. The numbers of trees, shrubs and herbs were recorded in the quadrate plot measuring 10m x 10mfor trees, 5m x 5m for shrubs and 1m x1m for herbs. A total of 1128 species were recorded from the two study areas. A totalof 450 species were recorded from east aspect and 678 from south west aspect. Generally, the study area is dominated by herbs (E=304, SW=542) followed by shrubs (E=69, SW=59), chirpine (E=53, SW=67), and broadleaf (E=15).
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to compare the mean diversity and Shannon-Wiener information index was used for calculation of species diversity, richness and evenness of two different aspects.Statistically, there was no significant difference found inthe east (M=1.47, SD=0.38) and south west (M=1.15, SD=0.39) aspects; t (16)=1.69, p =0.109, though Shannon-Wiener (H') indices found relatively high diversity in East aspect than Southwest aspect.
It was deduced that species diversity on south west facing aspect was comparatively poor than east facing aspect. This means, the topographical aspect has significant effect on the species diversity.
Agriculture is a science or art of cultivating soil, growing and harvesting crops and raising liv... more Agriculture is a science or art of cultivating soil, growing and harvesting crops and raising livestock.
Zea maize, a widely grown orthodox seed which may be dried for two years without harm Orthodox se... more Zea maize, a widely grown orthodox seed which may be dried for two years without harm Orthodox seeds are seeds which will survive drying and/or freezing during ex-situ conservation. According to information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture there is variation in the ability of orthodox seeds to withstand drying and storage with some seeds being more sensitive than others. Thus some seeds are considered intermediate
The farm financial statements integrate and summarize the information from the farm accounting sy... more The farm financial statements integrate and summarize the information from the farm accounting system. The balance sheet summarizes the asset values, the liabilities, and the net worth position of the business; the income statement summarizes cash receipts, expenses, and inventory schedules; and the cash flow statement provides an overview of the business's cash flow including debt payments, family living expenses and income taxes.
Maps are flat, but the surfaces they represent are curved. Transforming, three-dimensional space ... more Maps are flat, but the surfaces they represent are curved. Transforming, three-dimensional space onto a two dimensional map is called "projection". This process inevitably distorts at least one of the following properties: Shape, Area, Distance, Direction, and often more.
The Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) is a farming system developed by the Mindanao Bap... more The Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) is a farming system developed by the Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Centre in the southern Philippines during the 1970s. Basically attuned to the production needs of small-scale hill farmers, this agroforestry technology has gained wide popularity in Asia because it is culturally appropriate, economically sound and is designed to limit soil erosion.
Interviews are conducted to collect (data that can be transformed into) information and knowledge.
Organophosphate, Organochlorine, carbamate and Pyrethroid residues were determined in different v... more Organophosphate, Organochlorine, carbamate and Pyrethroid residues were determined in different vegetables. Samples were collected from three different illegal prone areas from Phuentsholing. Ethyl acetate was used for extraction and thin layer chromatography was used for detection. Out of 90, 35 samples were tested as negative and 55 samples positive which constitutes 38.9 percent and 61.1 percent respectively. Positive test result were found maximum in the Balujhora (25) area followed by Jaigoan (20) and Phuentsholing (10). 30 samples were contaminated with organophosphates and carbamates constituting about 33.3 % of the total samples and 27.8 % constitutes organochlorine and pyrethroids. Cauliflower samples (25) were found contaminated with organochlorine and pyrethroids followed by chilli (20) and beans (10) with organophosphate and carbamates. Since the implementation of ban on chili, beans and cauliflower, Bhutan Agriculture and Food Regulatory Authority confiscated about 4885.6 kilograms of chili, 453.5 kilograms of beans and 326.46 kilograms of cauliflower as of 13th January, 2018.