Jennifer Hubbard | Toronto Metropolitan University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Jennifer Hubbard
Scientia canadensis, 1988
Choice Reviews Online, Jul 1, 2006
University of Toronto Press eBooks, Jan 31, 2005
University of Toronto Press eBooks, Jan 31, 2005
Scientia canadensis, 2012
A Century of Maritime Science, 2016
University of Toronto Press eBooks, Jan 31, 2005
The study is devoted to the English explorer of the indigenous peoples of the Yenisei North, Mari... more The study is devoted to the English explorer of the indigenous peoples of the Yenisei North, Marie Czaplicka, and Henry Hall, who became her companion and anthropologist in the Yenisei (Oxford) expedition. She is a young Polish woman who went to Siberia as the head of the expedition, as a result of which she wrote a valuable book on this topic. Czaplicka became the first woman professor at Oxford University. She worked in London and traveled around Siberia, conducting extensive field research in the era when women were not engaged in scientific research or expeditions at all. She was also an experienced photographer. The personality of Marie Czaplicka is unique. Her works remain relevant. Foreign scientists have turned to her studies for more than a hundred years, but she is little known in modern Russia, though she was born and lived most of her life in the Russian Empire. The authors refer to the personality of Marie Czaplicka and her works. The aim of the work is to determine the significance of the research of the Yenisei expedition. The collections picked up during the expedition are stored in the Museum of Archeology and Anthropology of the University of Pennsylvania and the Pitt Rivers Museum of Ethnography and Archeology and comprise about 600 items of ethnography, archeology and images. The research of M. Czaplicka is a contribution to the ethnography of Siberia.
A Science on the Scales, 2005
Fisheries, Quota Management and Quota Transfer, 2018
In the mid-twentieth century, several economists –led by the Canadians Gordon Scott and Scott Ant... more In the mid-twentieth century, several economists –led by the Canadians Gordon Scott and Scott Anthony–introduced bio-economic analysis which founded the modern understanding of issues in managing common property resources. They focused on managing marine fisheries to improve their national economic profitability, but many economists, including Gordon Scott, advocated for intensifying industrialized technologies that soon exacerbated the need for catch limits, limited entry, ITQs and other conservation measures. Fisheries biologists have largely bought into these approaches and have been unable to critique the bio-economic understanding in part because economists successfully alienated them from an understanding of their own past by appropriating fisheries biologists’ expertise over the economic dimensions of their scientific project. This chapter builds on my earlier findings that both Victorian-era economic ideas and nineteenth century German scientific forestry management ideals have powerfully influenced marine resource management to this day. The focus on ‘rational’ exploitation of fish and other marine species for maximum sustainable yield has been the result. The use of population models allowed the marine environment to become an abstraction, facilitated a limited understanding of fisheries science by economists, and mediated the focus on economic efficiency. Twentieth century fisheries management became further enmeshed in economic and social idealist constructions with the incursion of Keynesian economists such as Gordon Scott, and Canadian Deputy Minister of Fisheries Stewart Bates. By placing their contributions within the context of changing economic theory and mid-twentieth century Cold War issues affecting governments, scientists, and productivity in the North Atlantic region, and by analyzing the basic assumptions of Gordon Scott and his followers in the light of greater historical context, the fundamental irrationality and personal bias that form the basis of bio-economic models is exposed, as is the irrationality of mid-century fisheries management policy.
Hispanic American Historical Review
Environmental History, 2020
By leading the Canadian Fisheries Expedition of 1914–1915 Johan Hjort took the opportunity to do ... more By leading the Canadian Fisheries Expedition of 1914–1915 Johan Hjort took the opportunity to do far more than just survey herring, other fish stocks, and thehydrographyofCanadianAtlanticwaters. He also attempted to improve thebackwardfish-processing technologies used in the local fisheries, an agenda blocked by the Canadian government. Hjort did succeed markedly, however, in introducing Canadian scientists to the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea’s new scientific methods for fisheries research. He and his colleagues offered training in the new dynamic oceanography as well as population demographic studies and biometrics for studying fish populations, races, and other units. His extroverted leadership-initiated lasting linkages between Canadian and Scandinavian scientists, and created an international network of fisheries biologists.
ICES Journal of Marine Science
The 150th anniversary of Johan Hjort’s birth was celebrated by a symposium held in Bergen on 12–1... more The 150th anniversary of Johan Hjort’s birth was celebrated by a symposium held in Bergen on 12–14 June 2019 to take a broad perspective on the origins of, and developments in, fisheries science and thereby examine current issues in fisheries science from different perspectives. To establish this type of non-traditional forum, historians of marine science and marine researchers from around the world met to explore potential new directions. The many transdisciplinary panel discussions, especially on subjects such as “the making of fisheries scientists”, revealed the pervading influence of family, educators, role models, and social circumstances. The 11 articles included in this symposium issue present a series of advancements in modern fisheries science, highlighting the contributions of Hjort and his contemporaries, Fyodor Baranov and Harald Dannevig. As expected, the effects of changing ocean climate were a dominant theme, which connected this symposium, and complemented, the 2014 ...
Scientia canadensis, 1988
Choice Reviews Online, Jul 1, 2006
University of Toronto Press eBooks, Jan 31, 2005
University of Toronto Press eBooks, Jan 31, 2005
Scientia canadensis, 2012
A Century of Maritime Science, 2016
University of Toronto Press eBooks, Jan 31, 2005
The study is devoted to the English explorer of the indigenous peoples of the Yenisei North, Mari... more The study is devoted to the English explorer of the indigenous peoples of the Yenisei North, Marie Czaplicka, and Henry Hall, who became her companion and anthropologist in the Yenisei (Oxford) expedition. She is a young Polish woman who went to Siberia as the head of the expedition, as a result of which she wrote a valuable book on this topic. Czaplicka became the first woman professor at Oxford University. She worked in London and traveled around Siberia, conducting extensive field research in the era when women were not engaged in scientific research or expeditions at all. She was also an experienced photographer. The personality of Marie Czaplicka is unique. Her works remain relevant. Foreign scientists have turned to her studies for more than a hundred years, but she is little known in modern Russia, though she was born and lived most of her life in the Russian Empire. The authors refer to the personality of Marie Czaplicka and her works. The aim of the work is to determine the significance of the research of the Yenisei expedition. The collections picked up during the expedition are stored in the Museum of Archeology and Anthropology of the University of Pennsylvania and the Pitt Rivers Museum of Ethnography and Archeology and comprise about 600 items of ethnography, archeology and images. The research of M. Czaplicka is a contribution to the ethnography of Siberia.
A Science on the Scales, 2005
Fisheries, Quota Management and Quota Transfer, 2018
In the mid-twentieth century, several economists –led by the Canadians Gordon Scott and Scott Ant... more In the mid-twentieth century, several economists –led by the Canadians Gordon Scott and Scott Anthony–introduced bio-economic analysis which founded the modern understanding of issues in managing common property resources. They focused on managing marine fisheries to improve their national economic profitability, but many economists, including Gordon Scott, advocated for intensifying industrialized technologies that soon exacerbated the need for catch limits, limited entry, ITQs and other conservation measures. Fisheries biologists have largely bought into these approaches and have been unable to critique the bio-economic understanding in part because economists successfully alienated them from an understanding of their own past by appropriating fisheries biologists’ expertise over the economic dimensions of their scientific project. This chapter builds on my earlier findings that both Victorian-era economic ideas and nineteenth century German scientific forestry management ideals have powerfully influenced marine resource management to this day. The focus on ‘rational’ exploitation of fish and other marine species for maximum sustainable yield has been the result. The use of population models allowed the marine environment to become an abstraction, facilitated a limited understanding of fisheries science by economists, and mediated the focus on economic efficiency. Twentieth century fisheries management became further enmeshed in economic and social idealist constructions with the incursion of Keynesian economists such as Gordon Scott, and Canadian Deputy Minister of Fisheries Stewart Bates. By placing their contributions within the context of changing economic theory and mid-twentieth century Cold War issues affecting governments, scientists, and productivity in the North Atlantic region, and by analyzing the basic assumptions of Gordon Scott and his followers in the light of greater historical context, the fundamental irrationality and personal bias that form the basis of bio-economic models is exposed, as is the irrationality of mid-century fisheries management policy.
Hispanic American Historical Review
Environmental History, 2020
By leading the Canadian Fisheries Expedition of 1914–1915 Johan Hjort took the opportunity to do ... more By leading the Canadian Fisheries Expedition of 1914–1915 Johan Hjort took the opportunity to do far more than just survey herring, other fish stocks, and thehydrographyofCanadianAtlanticwaters. He also attempted to improve thebackwardfish-processing technologies used in the local fisheries, an agenda blocked by the Canadian government. Hjort did succeed markedly, however, in introducing Canadian scientists to the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea’s new scientific methods for fisheries research. He and his colleagues offered training in the new dynamic oceanography as well as population demographic studies and biometrics for studying fish populations, races, and other units. His extroverted leadership-initiated lasting linkages between Canadian and Scandinavian scientists, and created an international network of fisheries biologists.
ICES Journal of Marine Science
The 150th anniversary of Johan Hjort’s birth was celebrated by a symposium held in Bergen on 12–1... more The 150th anniversary of Johan Hjort’s birth was celebrated by a symposium held in Bergen on 12–14 June 2019 to take a broad perspective on the origins of, and developments in, fisheries science and thereby examine current issues in fisheries science from different perspectives. To establish this type of non-traditional forum, historians of marine science and marine researchers from around the world met to explore potential new directions. The many transdisciplinary panel discussions, especially on subjects such as “the making of fisheries scientists”, revealed the pervading influence of family, educators, role models, and social circumstances. The 11 articles included in this symposium issue present a series of advancements in modern fisheries science, highlighting the contributions of Hjort and his contemporaries, Fyodor Baranov and Harald Dannevig. As expected, the effects of changing ocean climate were a dominant theme, which connected this symposium, and complemented, the 2014 ...