Marta Połtowicz-Bobak | University of Rzeszów (original) (raw)
Papers by Marta Połtowicz-Bobak
Free Ukraine, 2022
If any of you would like to be added as a co-author of this message, let me know. ------------- ... more If any of you would like to be added as a co-author of this message, let me know.
-------------
Call to action to stop the Russian invasion of Ukraine by any means necessary.
Заклик до дій, щоб зупинити російське вторгнення в Україну будь-якими необхідними засобами.
Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt , 2017
Beiträge werden erbeten an die Mitglieder der Redaktion oder an das Römisch-Germanische Zentral m... more Beiträge werden erbeten an die Mitglieder der Redaktion oder an das Römisch-Germanische Zentral museum, Ernst-Ludwig-Platz 2, 55116 Mainz, korrespondenzblatt@rgzm.de Die mit Abbildungen, einer kurzen Zusammenfassung und der Anschrift der Autorinnen und Autoren versehenen Manuskripte dürfen im Druck 20 Seiten nicht überschreiten. Die Redaktion bittet um eine allgemein verständ liche Zitierweise (naturwissenschaftlich oder in Endnoten) und verweist dazu auf folgende Richtlinien: http://web.rgzm.de/publikationen/verlagsprogramm/zeitschriften/archaeologischeskorrespondenzblatt.html Die Beiträge des Archäologischen Korrespondenzblatts stehen ein Jahr nach Erscheinen der Printausgabe auch Open Access zur Verfügung und sind dank einer Kooperation mit der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg unter folgendem Link abrufbar: Das für diese Publikation verwendete Papier ist alterungsbeständig im Sinne der ISO 9706. 423 Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 47 · 2017
In Central Europe, human remains from the Magdalenian are a rare phenomenon. In Central and Weste... more In Central Europe, human remains from the Magdalenian are a rare phenomenon. In Central and Western Europe, these remains are usually fragmented and often manipulated. The discovery of 50 human bone fragments from Maszycka Cave in the 19th and mid-20th century is an important source for studying the treatment of bodies in the Late Upper Palaeolithic. Skull fragments are dominating and the re-investigation of the material proves the presence of some cut marks. The re-dating of the remains and the bone artefacts to c. 16,200 cal BC together with the specific treatment of the human remains confirms the typological arguments for an early re-colonisation of Central Europe from the West after the Last Glacial Maximum.
L’essor du Magdalénien. Aspects culturels, symboliques et techniques des faciès à Navettes et à Lussac-Angles, 2017
Magdalenian ‘à navettes’ is the first trace of the Magdalenian presence on the territory of the e... more Magdalenian ‘à navettes’ is the first trace of the Magdalenian presence on the territory of the eastern part of Central Europe,
which is far ahead of the main phase of the Magdalenian settlement in these areas. It is represented by only one site — Maszycka Cave,
located approximately 20 km north of Kraków, in Southern Poland, in the valley of the small river Prądnik. It is located on its left bank,
about 65 m above the current floor of the valley. It is a small, bright, well-lit cave with a wide entrance and the main chamber. The
entrance of the cave faces S – SW. The settlement included the main chamber at the entrance, the terrace and a small chamber located
at the back of the cave.
Maszycka Cave was researched by Godfryd Ossowski in 1883 then by S. K. Kozłowski in the years 1962 – 1966. The last field season
was launched in 2013. The excavations were aimed at finding the old debris heaps that had been made in the course of Ossowski’s
fieldworks.
Particularly important is the fact that the assemblage from Maszycka Cave is quite complete. The only missing are the smallest artefacts
which were not collected owing to the research methodology used in the 19th century. The entire assemblage consists of 292 lithic
artefacts, 98 bone items and one pendant.
Speaking of bone implements, reindeer antlers were mainly used for the production, rarely mammoth tusks and bones of horses and
large ruminants. The most numerous are the different types of points (45 items), including different types of sagaies (36 items) mainly
the forms with a single bevel base. As for the specific types, it is worth mentioning a series of eight navettes made from reindeer antlers,
one item of bâton percé in a phallic shape and a richly carved rib. The navettes found in Maszycka Cave perfectly correspond to the
forms known from the French sites, not only in terms of forms and treatment but considering their ornamentations.
Stone inventory from the excavations carried out by G. Ossowski and S. K. Kozłowski consists of 292 artefacts (fig. 10), including
2 precores, 11 cores (fig. 11) and 59 tools typical for Magdalenian. The recent fieldworks, conducted in 2013, have led to the identification
of old debris heaps. Considering two square meters of the surface, the researchers have found more than 200 small flakes and
chips, including burned items as well as shells and their fragments, small fragments of animal bones and probably human bones. Most
controversial are the finds of shells, whose relation to the settlement has not yet been confirmed.
The vast majority of artefacts (about 95%) is made of local Jurassic flint located near Kraków. Only about 5% of the raw material came
from further distance. These raw materials come from different areas (fig. 14). Imports of stone raw materials determine the possible
range of exploited territory and may also be an important indication that allows us to reconstruct migration routes. While the presence
of western provenance of raw materials is easy to explain, the imports of flint from the south and especially from the east and northeast
constitute an important and interesting contribution to the study discussing the range of expansion regarding the earliest groups of
the Magdalenian population in Central Europe. These raw materials indicate the territories which were exploited, or at least they were
within the range of interests of the Magdalenian group from Maszycka Cave. In the case of Volhynian flint, which outcrops are located
in areas never occupied by Magdalenian population, we do not know whether its presence is the evidence of physical presence of a
hunting group from Maszycka cave in the areas far east, or if it is a result of any relationship with the Eastern Gravettian community
penetrating the areas located west from their territories.
Specific finds from Maszycka Cave are human remains. Z. Kapica, the researcher who studied the bones, has identified 16 individuals,
including women and children. According to J. Orschiedt the discussed group is not so numerous, but the presence of women and
children was confirmed. Some of the bones indicated the performance of intentional human actions.
A series of 14C dates obtained from animal bones, human bones and bone products allowed us to establish fairly accurate the Magdalenian
settlement within a period of about 15,000 uncalibrated years BP (i.e. 19,000 – 18,000 cal BP). Thus it is possible to conclude that
the materials of Maszycka Cave are not younger than the Magdalenian settlement ‘à navettes’ in France, but they fit well within the time
period which was establish by the existence of facies ‘à navettes’. The episode of the settlement recorded in Maszycka Cave cannot be
treated as a survival of this tradition in the East at the time when it had already disappeared in the original areas, or as a result of shifts in its later (final?) period of settlement. Date comparison also indicates that the expansion of the Magdalenian population towards east
must have been relatively fast.
Maszycka Cave is the only such an early, undoubtedly Magdalenian site in the eastern part of Central Europe, while lying on the eastern
border of the areas occupied by Magdalenian ever (Połtowicz-Bobak, 2013). Regarding the Magdalenian settlement that took these
territories on a regular basis there is approximately (over?) 1,000 years break (Bobak et al., 2013). As for the other sites belonging to
Magdalenian ‘à navettes’, the Maszycka Cave is far more than 1,000 km in a straight line (fig. 16), but chronologically it fits perfectly
in the period of facies functioning within the areas of France.
Continuous and structured settlement as for the east areas of Central Europe by the Late Magdalenian population will take place about
1000 years later.
![Research paper thumbnail of The Magdalenian in central Europe: new finds and concepts", M. Połtowicz-Bobak, Rzeszów 2010:[recenzja]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52485140/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](The magdalenian in CenTral europe. new finds and ConCepTs ColleCTio arChaeologiCa ressoviensis To... more The magdalenian in CenTral europe. new finds and ConCepTs ColleCTio arChaeologiCa ressoviensis Tomus Xi Collegium ediTorum sylwester Czopek, michał parczewski, andrzej pelisiak, Zbigniew pianowski, aleksander sytnyk, marcin wołoszyn auThors Bentsen, silje evjenth, department of archaeology, Conservation and historical studies, university of oslo Bullinger, Jérôme, musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire, palais de rumine, 6 place de la riponne, pasda, Clemens, professorship for hunter-gatherer archaeology, department of prehistory, Jena university,
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne vol. 51, 2009
The first season (2006) of excavation at the Palaeolithic lubotyń, site 11, yielded a rich inven-... more The first season (2006) of excavation at the Palaeolithic lubotyń, site 11, yielded a rich inven-
tory. It stratigraphic position was at the bottom of a loess-and-clay deposit with an admixture of
gravel resting over a level of humus. The inventory included all categories of forms: debitage, cores
and tools, eg, leaf points, endscrapers and side scrapers. Their characteristic traits, typological and
technological – help tie the inventory to szeletian culture.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, 2011
EN This paper explores the issue of spatial research at Palaeolithic sites, discussing spatial an... more EN This paper explores the issue of spatial research at Palaeolithic sites, discussing spatial analyses and their significance both at individual sites and at a regional scale. Interpretations of immovable and movable objects, the role of refitting analyses, and at a regional scale the importance of raw materials analyses are all addressed.
Badania archeologiczne na Górnym Śląsku i zemiach pogranicznych w, 1997
Badania archeologiczne na Górnym Śląsku i zemiach pogranicznych w, 1998
Free Ukraine, 2022
If any of you would like to be added as a co-author of this message, let me know. ------------- ... more If any of you would like to be added as a co-author of this message, let me know.
-------------
Call to action to stop the Russian invasion of Ukraine by any means necessary.
Заклик до дій, щоб зупинити російське вторгнення в Україну будь-якими необхідними засобами.
Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt , 2017
Beiträge werden erbeten an die Mitglieder der Redaktion oder an das Römisch-Germanische Zentral m... more Beiträge werden erbeten an die Mitglieder der Redaktion oder an das Römisch-Germanische Zentral museum, Ernst-Ludwig-Platz 2, 55116 Mainz, korrespondenzblatt@rgzm.de Die mit Abbildungen, einer kurzen Zusammenfassung und der Anschrift der Autorinnen und Autoren versehenen Manuskripte dürfen im Druck 20 Seiten nicht überschreiten. Die Redaktion bittet um eine allgemein verständ liche Zitierweise (naturwissenschaftlich oder in Endnoten) und verweist dazu auf folgende Richtlinien: http://web.rgzm.de/publikationen/verlagsprogramm/zeitschriften/archaeologischeskorrespondenzblatt.html Die Beiträge des Archäologischen Korrespondenzblatts stehen ein Jahr nach Erscheinen der Printausgabe auch Open Access zur Verfügung und sind dank einer Kooperation mit der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg unter folgendem Link abrufbar: Das für diese Publikation verwendete Papier ist alterungsbeständig im Sinne der ISO 9706. 423 Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 47 · 2017
In Central Europe, human remains from the Magdalenian are a rare phenomenon. In Central and Weste... more In Central Europe, human remains from the Magdalenian are a rare phenomenon. In Central and Western Europe, these remains are usually fragmented and often manipulated. The discovery of 50 human bone fragments from Maszycka Cave in the 19th and mid-20th century is an important source for studying the treatment of bodies in the Late Upper Palaeolithic. Skull fragments are dominating and the re-investigation of the material proves the presence of some cut marks. The re-dating of the remains and the bone artefacts to c. 16,200 cal BC together with the specific treatment of the human remains confirms the typological arguments for an early re-colonisation of Central Europe from the West after the Last Glacial Maximum.
L’essor du Magdalénien. Aspects culturels, symboliques et techniques des faciès à Navettes et à Lussac-Angles, 2017
Magdalenian ‘à navettes’ is the first trace of the Magdalenian presence on the territory of the e... more Magdalenian ‘à navettes’ is the first trace of the Magdalenian presence on the territory of the eastern part of Central Europe,
which is far ahead of the main phase of the Magdalenian settlement in these areas. It is represented by only one site — Maszycka Cave,
located approximately 20 km north of Kraków, in Southern Poland, in the valley of the small river Prądnik. It is located on its left bank,
about 65 m above the current floor of the valley. It is a small, bright, well-lit cave with a wide entrance and the main chamber. The
entrance of the cave faces S – SW. The settlement included the main chamber at the entrance, the terrace and a small chamber located
at the back of the cave.
Maszycka Cave was researched by Godfryd Ossowski in 1883 then by S. K. Kozłowski in the years 1962 – 1966. The last field season
was launched in 2013. The excavations were aimed at finding the old debris heaps that had been made in the course of Ossowski’s
fieldworks.
Particularly important is the fact that the assemblage from Maszycka Cave is quite complete. The only missing are the smallest artefacts
which were not collected owing to the research methodology used in the 19th century. The entire assemblage consists of 292 lithic
artefacts, 98 bone items and one pendant.
Speaking of bone implements, reindeer antlers were mainly used for the production, rarely mammoth tusks and bones of horses and
large ruminants. The most numerous are the different types of points (45 items), including different types of sagaies (36 items) mainly
the forms with a single bevel base. As for the specific types, it is worth mentioning a series of eight navettes made from reindeer antlers,
one item of bâton percé in a phallic shape and a richly carved rib. The navettes found in Maszycka Cave perfectly correspond to the
forms known from the French sites, not only in terms of forms and treatment but considering their ornamentations.
Stone inventory from the excavations carried out by G. Ossowski and S. K. Kozłowski consists of 292 artefacts (fig. 10), including
2 precores, 11 cores (fig. 11) and 59 tools typical for Magdalenian. The recent fieldworks, conducted in 2013, have led to the identification
of old debris heaps. Considering two square meters of the surface, the researchers have found more than 200 small flakes and
chips, including burned items as well as shells and their fragments, small fragments of animal bones and probably human bones. Most
controversial are the finds of shells, whose relation to the settlement has not yet been confirmed.
The vast majority of artefacts (about 95%) is made of local Jurassic flint located near Kraków. Only about 5% of the raw material came
from further distance. These raw materials come from different areas (fig. 14). Imports of stone raw materials determine the possible
range of exploited territory and may also be an important indication that allows us to reconstruct migration routes. While the presence
of western provenance of raw materials is easy to explain, the imports of flint from the south and especially from the east and northeast
constitute an important and interesting contribution to the study discussing the range of expansion regarding the earliest groups of
the Magdalenian population in Central Europe. These raw materials indicate the territories which were exploited, or at least they were
within the range of interests of the Magdalenian group from Maszycka Cave. In the case of Volhynian flint, which outcrops are located
in areas never occupied by Magdalenian population, we do not know whether its presence is the evidence of physical presence of a
hunting group from Maszycka cave in the areas far east, or if it is a result of any relationship with the Eastern Gravettian community
penetrating the areas located west from their territories.
Specific finds from Maszycka Cave are human remains. Z. Kapica, the researcher who studied the bones, has identified 16 individuals,
including women and children. According to J. Orschiedt the discussed group is not so numerous, but the presence of women and
children was confirmed. Some of the bones indicated the performance of intentional human actions.
A series of 14C dates obtained from animal bones, human bones and bone products allowed us to establish fairly accurate the Magdalenian
settlement within a period of about 15,000 uncalibrated years BP (i.e. 19,000 – 18,000 cal BP). Thus it is possible to conclude that
the materials of Maszycka Cave are not younger than the Magdalenian settlement ‘à navettes’ in France, but they fit well within the time
period which was establish by the existence of facies ‘à navettes’. The episode of the settlement recorded in Maszycka Cave cannot be
treated as a survival of this tradition in the East at the time when it had already disappeared in the original areas, or as a result of shifts in its later (final?) period of settlement. Date comparison also indicates that the expansion of the Magdalenian population towards east
must have been relatively fast.
Maszycka Cave is the only such an early, undoubtedly Magdalenian site in the eastern part of Central Europe, while lying on the eastern
border of the areas occupied by Magdalenian ever (Połtowicz-Bobak, 2013). Regarding the Magdalenian settlement that took these
territories on a regular basis there is approximately (over?) 1,000 years break (Bobak et al., 2013). As for the other sites belonging to
Magdalenian ‘à navettes’, the Maszycka Cave is far more than 1,000 km in a straight line (fig. 16), but chronologically it fits perfectly
in the period of facies functioning within the areas of France.
Continuous and structured settlement as for the east areas of Central Europe by the Late Magdalenian population will take place about
1000 years later.
The magdalenian in CenTral europe. new finds and ConCepTs ColleCTio arChaeologiCa ressoviensis To... more The magdalenian in CenTral europe. new finds and ConCepTs ColleCTio arChaeologiCa ressoviensis Tomus Xi Collegium ediTorum sylwester Czopek, michał parczewski, andrzej pelisiak, Zbigniew pianowski, aleksander sytnyk, marcin wołoszyn auThors Bentsen, silje evjenth, department of archaeology, Conservation and historical studies, university of oslo Bullinger, Jérôme, musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire, palais de rumine, 6 place de la riponne, pasda, Clemens, professorship for hunter-gatherer archaeology, department of prehistory, Jena university,
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne vol. 51, 2009
The first season (2006) of excavation at the Palaeolithic lubotyń, site 11, yielded a rich inven-... more The first season (2006) of excavation at the Palaeolithic lubotyń, site 11, yielded a rich inven-
tory. It stratigraphic position was at the bottom of a loess-and-clay deposit with an admixture of
gravel resting over a level of humus. The inventory included all categories of forms: debitage, cores
and tools, eg, leaf points, endscrapers and side scrapers. Their characteristic traits, typological and
technological – help tie the inventory to szeletian culture.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, 2011
EN This paper explores the issue of spatial research at Palaeolithic sites, discussing spatial an... more EN This paper explores the issue of spatial research at Palaeolithic sites, discussing spatial analyses and their significance both at individual sites and at a regional scale. Interpretations of immovable and movable objects, the role of refitting analyses, and at a regional scale the importance of raw materials analyses are all addressed.
Badania archeologiczne na Górnym Śląsku i zemiach pogranicznych w, 1997
Badania archeologiczne na Górnym Śląsku i zemiach pogranicznych w, 1998
La Société préhistorique française, fondée en 1904, est une des plus anciennes sociétés d'archéol... more La Société préhistorique française, fondée en 1904, est une des plus anciennes sociétés d'archéologie. Reconnue d'utilité publique en 1910, elle a obtenu le grand prix de l' Archéologie en 1982. Elle compte actuellement plus de mille membres, et près de cinq cents bibliothèques, universités ou associations sont, en France et dans le monde, abonnées au Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française.