Darshan T Dharajiya | SardarKrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University (original) (raw)
Papers by Darshan T Dharajiya
Miniaturized Analytical Devices
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International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology, 2021
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop with diversified industrial ... more Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop with diversified industrial usage. In the present study, twenty-six genotypes of castor were analyzed for total seed oil content using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and fatty acid profiling through gas chromatography with flame-ionization detector (GC-FID) to update the database of this important industrial crop. In the present study, the highest seed oil content was determined in SHB-1019 genotype which was 45.86 %. Total saturated fatty acid, steric acid and palmitic acid per cent was recorded higher in SKI-370 genotype which was 3.38 %, 1.92 % and 1.46 %, respectively. Among the all genotypes, the higher per cent of total unsaturated fatty acid, ricinoleic acid and linolenic acid was observed higher in genotype VI-9 whereas, mono unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) and poly unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic) was found higher in genotype GEETA. The present study can be very important in the selection of male parents for the development of high ricinoleic acid castor hybrid. This will ultimately help in increasing the production and quality of industrially important oil. HIGHLIGHTS m Twenty six genotypes of castor were analyzed for total seed oil content through NMR spectroscopy and fatty acid composition through GC-FID. m The highest seed oil content (45.86 %) was determined in SHB-1019 genotype. m The highest oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio was 0.536 in SH-72 genotype indicating higher stability of castor oil for industrial applications.
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Vegetos
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3 Biotech
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Industrial Crops and Products
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Industrial Crops and Products
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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019
Approaches for studying antimicrobial susceptibility and discovering new antimicrobial agents fro... more Approaches for studying antimicrobial susceptibility and discovering new antimicrobial agents from the plants and other natural sources have been extensively utilized. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, commonly known as Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng or winter cherry, is a popular medicinal plant in Ayurvedic medicine. The principal active compounds include several withanolide-type compounds. Various plant parts, like roots and less often leaves and fruits of Ashwagandha, have been used as plant-derived medicines. The plant possesses various pharmacological activities including antimicrobial activity. Many bacterial and fungal species have been used as a test microorganism for the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of extracts and purified compounds of various plant parts of Ashwaga ndha. In this article, we tried to compile and to discuss the information about the antimicrobial activity of W. somnifera. This will provide the platform for the researchers to select plants, plant parts, solvent system, test microorganisms, method of evaluation and other related factors affecting the analysis.
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[
Vegetos, 2019
Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important legume which can be grown in varying enviro... more Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important legume which can be grown in varying environmental conditions, during all three crop seasons viz., kharif, rabi and spring/summer in India, as sole or inter crop for grain and green manure. It is an excellent source of easily digestible proteins with low flatulence, which complements the staple rice diet in Asia. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease (MYMD) caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) is an important constraint of mungbean. To fulfill future demands, there is a need to use molecular marker technology and other biotechnological interventions. Hence, Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) with a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technique was used to analyze the F 2:3 individuals of Pusa Ratna (susceptible) × Meha (resistant) to identify the molecular marker linked to MYMV resistance in mungbean. Field screening of thirty-five mungbean genotypes against MYMV was carried out, prior to crossing program to identify the resistant and susceptible genotypes. The RAPD primer, OPP 07 showed the specific band of 895 bp in resistant parent and their bulks, but not in the susceptible parent and their bulks. Co-segregation analysis was performed in resistant and susceptible F 2:3 individuals; it confirmed that OPP 07 895 marker was associated with MYMV resistance in mungbean. The linked RAPD molecular marker OPP 07 895 , can be used for the identification of (Quantitative Trait Locus) QTL for MYMV resistance and marker assisted selection program in mungbean.
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Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 2019
Background: Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) has been cultivated since ancient times in some coun... more Background: Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) has been cultivated since ancient times in some countries in the world and it is one of the oldest food crops. At present, the crop has gained more importance in the plains of India, especially in parts of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Grain amaranth exhibits an incredible extent of morphological diversity and an extensive adaptability to diverse eco-geographical conditions. Hence, the aim of the recent research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 19 genotypes from four diverse species of Amaranthus from India using ISSR markers.
Results: The set of 11 polymorphic ISSR primers produced a total of 114 amplicons, among which 98 amplicons were polymorphic. The mean number of polymorphic amplicons per primer was 8.91. Overall, the size of PCR-amplified DNA fragments ranged from 200 to 3702 bp. The average percent polymorphism was 87.15%, and the average PIC value was 0.853, which indicates good selection of primers in the present study for the assessment of genetic diversity. The unique amplicon (marker)-producing primers were also found which can be used for identification of genotypes. The dendrogram grouped 19 grain amaranth genotypes into two major clusters. The groups formed on the principle component analysis (PCA) plot resembles with the results of the dendrogram although some genotypes have been diverted on the PCA plot.
Conclusions: The technique may be used to obtain reasonably precise information on the genetic relationship among grain amaranth genotypes. Such information may be useful for selecting the diverse parents and monitoring the genetic diversity periodically in the breeder’s working collection of grain amaranth.
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BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 2019
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world and an importan... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world and an important vegetable crop. The genus Solanum consists of 220 tuber containing species of which seven tuber-bearing species is used for commercial cultivation. Potato is a self-pollinated crop with cross-pollination up to 2.54 percent. Use of molecular markers to determine genetic variation, genetic diversity and evolutionary relatedness is becoming more popular for the assessment of diversity among cultivars of crop species of from various geographical origins. In the present study, total 42 RAPD markers have been employed, out of which 21 primers were polymorphic with 66.95% average polymorphism and 0.783 average PIC value, indicating higher informativeness of primers. In the present study, total 25 SSR markers have been employed out of these only 4 potent SSR primers were polymorphic. For SSR markers, average polymorphism was 58.33% and mean PIC value was 0.712. The results of current study indicate that RAPD and SSR markers used in the study have very promising polymorphism and PIC values hence, seemed to be good for the molecular characterization and assessing genetic relationship among genotypes of potato.
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International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2019
In the present study, the use of low-cost timber industry waste adsorbent normal sawdust of Gmeli... more In the present study, the use of low-cost timber industry waste adsorbent normal sawdust of Gmelina arborea (NSGA) and alkali modified sawdust of Gmelina arborea (MSGA) have been reported as an alternative to the existing expensive methods of removing dyes from aqueous solution. Total six dyes viz., Malachite Green, Congo Red, Crystal Violet, Methylene Blue, Bromophenol Blue and Methyl Orange were removed from aqueous solution using NSGA and MSGA. Alkali and heat treatments were used to modify the sawdust to alter its adsorptive capacity. The NSGA removed 95.22 % crystal violet from the aqueous which was maximum removal by NSGA. The MSGA removed 91.6% malachite green which was highest among the six dyes used in the screening. The results indicated that most of the dyes were removed within 20-40 minutes. The efficacy of dye adsorption was improved in case of bromophenol blue, Congo red, methylene blue and malachite green after alkali and heat treatment to sawdust of Gmelina arborea. The result indicates that after optimization alkali modified Gmelina arborea sawdust can be used for the adsorptive removal of dyes from wastewater.
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BIOSCIENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASIA, 2019
Due to expanded usage and a primary raw material for various industrial applications and biofuel ... more Due to expanded usage and a primary raw material for various industrial applications and biofuel production, variability is necessity to develop high yielding castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes. Therefore, it is essential to document the germplasm of this important crop to increase its production. With this view, a study was conducted with 15 diverse castor genotypes to evaluate diversity using 14 microsatellite/simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. In SSR analysis, 14 primers generated a total of 31 amplicons with mean number of 2.21 polymorphic amplicons per primer. The range of fragment size of these amplicond/bands was from 120 to 300 bp.The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.231 (SSR-8) to 0.684 (SSR-10) with an average of 0.413. The primers SSR-7 and SSR-10 possess higher PIC value above 0.6. The highest genetic similarity was noticed between the genotypes, GEETA and 48-1 whereas; least genetic similarity was reported between the genotypes namely, JI-96 and SH-72. Clustering pattern of dendrogram generated by pooled SSR data showed two main clusters. The cluster A was the largest with eight genotypes and cluster B contained seven genotypes. Accessions, JI-96 and SH-72 were identified as highly diverse based on molecular studies and can be exploited to develop biparental mapping populations as well as in castor improvement program to wider the genetic background of various castor genotypes.
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![Research paper thumbnail of Elucidation of genetic diversity among ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] genotypes using EST-SSR markers](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57518794/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2018
Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] is one of the most commonly used herbs in Indian trad... more Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] is one of the most commonly used herbs in Indian traditional medicine. The genomic DNA of 36 ashwagandha genotypes was extracted by modified CTAB method to evaluate diversity through EST-SSR markers. Total nine polymorphic primers were used for the screening across all the genotypes of ashwagandha which amplified 55 polymorphic bands. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of each marker varied from 0.21 to 0.86. The mean PIC, per cent polymorphism and resolving power were 0.732, 94.71 and 3.23 respectively. The Jaccard´s dissimilarity coefficients were able to classify all the genotypes of ashwagandha into three clusters where cophenetic correlation coefficient was 0.933. Genetic similarity among the genotypes ranged from 0.069 to 0.846 indicating high genetic divergence among the genotypes used in the present study. Ashwagandha genotypes MWS-205-3-2 and MWS-322-1-2 had the highest similarity while genotypes MPAS-15-3-1 and RAS-23-2-1 had minimum similarity. Further, from NJ analysis, RAS-11-3-2 could be the most primitive genotype among all the genotypes used in the study. Hence, EST-SSRs derived from solanaceae family can be used for genetic diversity analysis in Withania somnifera due to their cross-species transferability.
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![Research paper thumbnail of Screening of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes for Resistance against Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) under Field Condition](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56658314/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important short duration grain legume which is grown ... more Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important short duration grain legume which is grown in different parts of the country, for grain and green manure. It is an outstanding source of easily digestible proteins with low flatulence, which balances the staple rice diet in Asia. Mungbean yellow mosaic disease (MYMD) caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is an important constraint of mungbean in India. Thirty five Indian mungbean genotypes were evaluated to identify the source of resistance against MYMV during kharif-2013. The per cent disease incidence (PDI) of MYMV among 35 mungbean genotypes was worked out up to ninth week after
sowing and it varied from 0 to 84.96%. At maturity stage of crop (ninth week after sowing), mean PDI was 27.09% and mean disease severity index (DSI) was 2.73. Out of 35 mungbean genotypes, five were found highly resistant, six were resistant and seven were moderately resistant. While, eight genotypes were found moderately susceptible, seven were susceptible and two were highly susceptible. Five genotypes namely, Meha, Bada Mung 7, KM 2245, IPM 0205-7 and IPM 02-3 found highly resistant during present investigation which can be used for the development of mapping population for the development of MYMV resistant varieties.
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Stable performance of grain amaranths genotypes at specific environment is critical for obtaining... more Stable performance of grain amaranths genotypes at specific environment is critical for obtaining high and consistent yield. This study was conducted to assess grain yield stability of thirteen genotypes in varied environments in three successive growing seasons and effects of genotype (G) and genotype×environment (GE) interaction were illustrate graphically based on " what-won-where " to advocate genotypes for a specific environment, using GGE biplot. Result of study revealed that GGE biplot was effective to recognize stable and highest yield (1648.92 kg/ha) genotype as G5 followed by G6 (1457.24 kg/ha) and G3 (1268.62 kg/ha) genotypes while the genotype G7 had the lowest grain yield and was the least stable across varying environments. This study could be aid tool for endorsement of amaranths genotypes for specific environment, taking into elucidation the peculiarities of genotypes and growing stipulation.
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![Research paper thumbnail of PHENOTYPIC STABILITY AND GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS IN PIGEONPEA [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] GENOTYPES ACROSS THE ENVIRONMENTS](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54068947/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Phenotypic stability was carried out by using Eberhart & Russell model, as well as recent GGE bip... more Phenotypic stability was carried out by using Eberhart & Russell model, as well as recent GGE biplot approach for identification of the foremost genotypes across the different environments in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotypes. Further, Pearson correlation was carried out to correlate the different yield contributing attributes with seed yield. Fifty six pigeonpea genotypes comprising fourteen parents, forty hybrids and two standard checks were evaluated at four environments during kharif season of 2013 and 2014, to study genotype × environment interaction for yield and related traits. A significant difference was obtained for yield and yield contributing characters among genotypes in individual as well as pooled environments except for pod length, 100 seed weight and seed protein content (%). For traits like days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, pod clusters per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant Genotypes × Environments (linear) values were significant when tested against pooled deviation. Some hybrids such as GT 610 A × GTR 84 (119.79 g), GT 603 A × GTR 81 (119.41 g), GT 610 A × GTR 82 (119.20 g), GT 607 A × GTR 82 (116.07 g), GT 601 A × GTR 82 (113.03 g) and GT 604 A × GTR 81 (110.92 g) depicted significant stability for the yield and yield components by Eberhart & Russell model. Similar results were observed by GGE biplot analysis for three hybrids viz., GT 610 A × GTR 84 (119.79 g), GT 603 A × GTR 81(119.41 g) and GT 610 A × GTR 82 (119.20 g) which depicted significant stability for the yield and its components and could be promising for cultivation across different environments in Western India.
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![Research paper thumbnail of Modified Method of High Quality Genomic DNA Extraction from Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Suitable for PCR Based Amplification](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53794474/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Objectives: Mungbean is one among the foremost necessary pulse crops. It is necessary to extract ... more Objectives: Mungbean is one among the foremost necessary pulse crops. It is necessary to extract good quality genomic DNA for molecular work in plant science. Hence, present study intended to establish a robust and cost effectively genomic DNA extraction method for mungbean. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The prevailing CTAB method for genomic DNA extraction from plant was altered by avoiding usage of liquid nitrogen or lyophilization. Genomic DNA of plant was extracted from leaves of seven mungbean genotypes by grinding in pre-heated CTAB extraction buffer. Increased concentration of CTAB, PVP, β-mercaptoethanol, use of RNase treatment and repetition of purification step with C:I after P:C:I treatment will suppress the interference of the contaminants. The effectiveness of DNA extraction protocol for PCR amplification was evaluated using SSR and RAPD markers. Findings: The quality of DNA was assured by the presence of intact bands of genomic DNA separated on 0.8% agarose gel. The yield of genomic DNA ranged from 871.6 to 1143.2 ng/μL with an average of 979.14 ng/μL. When measured spectrophotometrically, the A260/A280 ratio was in the range of 1.78 to 1.86, with an average of 1.82, indicating very low levels of contamination such as polysaccharides, phenolics and protein. The results of PCR amplification using SSR and RAPD markers indicated that the DNA extracted by this modified protocol was of decent quality and appropriate for various molecular studies. This protocol is suitable for underdeveloped countries, where resources for high throughput DNA isolation are not or less available. Application/Improvement: An effective, simple and cost-effective protocol for genomic DNA extraction with good yield as well as high purity was developed for mungbean which can be applied to other pulse crops also.
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The present study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical analysis ... more The present study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical analysis of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) leaves extracts.The extracts were prepared by the sequential cold maceration method by using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water as a solvent. Antimicrobial activity of four extracts was performed by agar well diffusion method against different bacteria and fungi. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of different extracts, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), TLC bioautography and qualitative phytochemical analysis were also performed. The antimicrobial activity of A. barbadensis leaves extracts was found maximum against S. marcescens with a Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) of 13.67±0.57mm by hexane extract. The MIC of different extracts ranged between 6.25 and 50.00 mg/ml. Among all the fungi used in the study, all the three Aspergillus species were slightly inhibited by the specific extracts. The finding of TLC bioautography showed that compounds eluted at Rf 0.65 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity whereas compounds eluted at Rf 0.41 and Rf 0.82 exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against S. marcescens. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of phytochemicals present in various extracts. The results of the investigation clearly indicate that A. barbadensis leaves extract have a potential antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms due to the presence of various phytochemicals.
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![Research paper thumbnail of In Vitro Regeneration of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Genotype GT 101 using Cotyledonary Node](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51032669/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Objectives: A protocol was developed for plant regeneration using cotyledonary node of high-yield... more Objectives: A protocol was developed for plant regeneration using cotyledonary node of high-yielding indigenous pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotype GT 101. Methods: Induction of multiple shoots directly was completed from cotyledonary node as an explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations and combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Elongation of multiplied shoots was performed on MS medium supplemented with different combination of BAP and GA 3. These well elongated plantlets were further transferred on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for root induction. Regenerated plants were transferred to cocopeat:soil:vermiculite (2:1:2) for acclimation. Findings: The frequency of multiplication and number of multiple shoots from cotyledonary node explant were influenced on various types and concentrations of cytokinin. For multiple shoots induction, 3.0 mg/L BAP with 0.5 mg/L NAA was superior as compared to other combinations. The elongation of multiplied shoots was carried out on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA 3. The developed shoots were advanced to rooting on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. They were subsequently grown in pots with 80% survival rate and these plants produced viable seeds. Improvement: The protocol for the production of in vitro multiple shoots with high frequency and their successive conversion to whole plants agreements potential for use in the improvement of protocol for development of transgenic in pigeonpea.
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Miniaturized Analytical Devices
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International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology, 2021
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop with diversified industrial ... more Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop with diversified industrial usage. In the present study, twenty-six genotypes of castor were analyzed for total seed oil content using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and fatty acid profiling through gas chromatography with flame-ionization detector (GC-FID) to update the database of this important industrial crop. In the present study, the highest seed oil content was determined in SHB-1019 genotype which was 45.86 %. Total saturated fatty acid, steric acid and palmitic acid per cent was recorded higher in SKI-370 genotype which was 3.38 %, 1.92 % and 1.46 %, respectively. Among the all genotypes, the higher per cent of total unsaturated fatty acid, ricinoleic acid and linolenic acid was observed higher in genotype VI-9 whereas, mono unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) and poly unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic) was found higher in genotype GEETA. The present study can be very important in the selection of male parents for the development of high ricinoleic acid castor hybrid. This will ultimately help in increasing the production and quality of industrially important oil. HIGHLIGHTS m Twenty six genotypes of castor were analyzed for total seed oil content through NMR spectroscopy and fatty acid composition through GC-FID. m The highest seed oil content (45.86 %) was determined in SHB-1019 genotype. m The highest oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio was 0.536 in SH-72 genotype indicating higher stability of castor oil for industrial applications.
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Vegetos
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3 Biotech
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Industrial Crops and Products
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Industrial Crops and Products
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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019
Approaches for studying antimicrobial susceptibility and discovering new antimicrobial agents fro... more Approaches for studying antimicrobial susceptibility and discovering new antimicrobial agents from the plants and other natural sources have been extensively utilized. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, commonly known as Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng or winter cherry, is a popular medicinal plant in Ayurvedic medicine. The principal active compounds include several withanolide-type compounds. Various plant parts, like roots and less often leaves and fruits of Ashwagandha, have been used as plant-derived medicines. The plant possesses various pharmacological activities including antimicrobial activity. Many bacterial and fungal species have been used as a test microorganism for the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of extracts and purified compounds of various plant parts of Ashwaga ndha. In this article, we tried to compile and to discuss the information about the antimicrobial activity of W. somnifera. This will provide the platform for the researchers to select plants, plant parts, solvent system, test microorganisms, method of evaluation and other related factors affecting the analysis.
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[
Vegetos, 2019
Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important legume which can be grown in varying enviro... more Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important legume which can be grown in varying environmental conditions, during all three crop seasons viz., kharif, rabi and spring/summer in India, as sole or inter crop for grain and green manure. It is an excellent source of easily digestible proteins with low flatulence, which complements the staple rice diet in Asia. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease (MYMD) caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) is an important constraint of mungbean. To fulfill future demands, there is a need to use molecular marker technology and other biotechnological interventions. Hence, Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) with a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technique was used to analyze the F 2:3 individuals of Pusa Ratna (susceptible) × Meha (resistant) to identify the molecular marker linked to MYMV resistance in mungbean. Field screening of thirty-five mungbean genotypes against MYMV was carried out, prior to crossing program to identify the resistant and susceptible genotypes. The RAPD primer, OPP 07 showed the specific band of 895 bp in resistant parent and their bulks, but not in the susceptible parent and their bulks. Co-segregation analysis was performed in resistant and susceptible F 2:3 individuals; it confirmed that OPP 07 895 marker was associated with MYMV resistance in mungbean. The linked RAPD molecular marker OPP 07 895 , can be used for the identification of (Quantitative Trait Locus) QTL for MYMV resistance and marker assisted selection program in mungbean.
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Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 2019
Background: Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) has been cultivated since ancient times in some coun... more Background: Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) has been cultivated since ancient times in some countries in the world and it is one of the oldest food crops. At present, the crop has gained more importance in the plains of India, especially in parts of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Grain amaranth exhibits an incredible extent of morphological diversity and an extensive adaptability to diverse eco-geographical conditions. Hence, the aim of the recent research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 19 genotypes from four diverse species of Amaranthus from India using ISSR markers.
Results: The set of 11 polymorphic ISSR primers produced a total of 114 amplicons, among which 98 amplicons were polymorphic. The mean number of polymorphic amplicons per primer was 8.91. Overall, the size of PCR-amplified DNA fragments ranged from 200 to 3702 bp. The average percent polymorphism was 87.15%, and the average PIC value was 0.853, which indicates good selection of primers in the present study for the assessment of genetic diversity. The unique amplicon (marker)-producing primers were also found which can be used for identification of genotypes. The dendrogram grouped 19 grain amaranth genotypes into two major clusters. The groups formed on the principle component analysis (PCA) plot resembles with the results of the dendrogram although some genotypes have been diverted on the PCA plot.
Conclusions: The technique may be used to obtain reasonably precise information on the genetic relationship among grain amaranth genotypes. Such information may be useful for selecting the diverse parents and monitoring the genetic diversity periodically in the breeder’s working collection of grain amaranth.
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BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 2019
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world and an importan... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world and an important vegetable crop. The genus Solanum consists of 220 tuber containing species of which seven tuber-bearing species is used for commercial cultivation. Potato is a self-pollinated crop with cross-pollination up to 2.54 percent. Use of molecular markers to determine genetic variation, genetic diversity and evolutionary relatedness is becoming more popular for the assessment of diversity among cultivars of crop species of from various geographical origins. In the present study, total 42 RAPD markers have been employed, out of which 21 primers were polymorphic with 66.95% average polymorphism and 0.783 average PIC value, indicating higher informativeness of primers. In the present study, total 25 SSR markers have been employed out of these only 4 potent SSR primers were polymorphic. For SSR markers, average polymorphism was 58.33% and mean PIC value was 0.712. The results of current study indicate that RAPD and SSR markers used in the study have very promising polymorphism and PIC values hence, seemed to be good for the molecular characterization and assessing genetic relationship among genotypes of potato.
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International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2019
In the present study, the use of low-cost timber industry waste adsorbent normal sawdust of Gmeli... more In the present study, the use of low-cost timber industry waste adsorbent normal sawdust of Gmelina arborea (NSGA) and alkali modified sawdust of Gmelina arborea (MSGA) have been reported as an alternative to the existing expensive methods of removing dyes from aqueous solution. Total six dyes viz., Malachite Green, Congo Red, Crystal Violet, Methylene Blue, Bromophenol Blue and Methyl Orange were removed from aqueous solution using NSGA and MSGA. Alkali and heat treatments were used to modify the sawdust to alter its adsorptive capacity. The NSGA removed 95.22 % crystal violet from the aqueous which was maximum removal by NSGA. The MSGA removed 91.6% malachite green which was highest among the six dyes used in the screening. The results indicated that most of the dyes were removed within 20-40 minutes. The efficacy of dye adsorption was improved in case of bromophenol blue, Congo red, methylene blue and malachite green after alkali and heat treatment to sawdust of Gmelina arborea. The result indicates that after optimization alkali modified Gmelina arborea sawdust can be used for the adsorptive removal of dyes from wastewater.
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BIOSCIENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASIA, 2019
Due to expanded usage and a primary raw material for various industrial applications and biofuel ... more Due to expanded usage and a primary raw material for various industrial applications and biofuel production, variability is necessity to develop high yielding castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes. Therefore, it is essential to document the germplasm of this important crop to increase its production. With this view, a study was conducted with 15 diverse castor genotypes to evaluate diversity using 14 microsatellite/simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. In SSR analysis, 14 primers generated a total of 31 amplicons with mean number of 2.21 polymorphic amplicons per primer. The range of fragment size of these amplicond/bands was from 120 to 300 bp.The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.231 (SSR-8) to 0.684 (SSR-10) with an average of 0.413. The primers SSR-7 and SSR-10 possess higher PIC value above 0.6. The highest genetic similarity was noticed between the genotypes, GEETA and 48-1 whereas; least genetic similarity was reported between the genotypes namely, JI-96 and SH-72. Clustering pattern of dendrogram generated by pooled SSR data showed two main clusters. The cluster A was the largest with eight genotypes and cluster B contained seven genotypes. Accessions, JI-96 and SH-72 were identified as highly diverse based on molecular studies and can be exploited to develop biparental mapping populations as well as in castor improvement program to wider the genetic background of various castor genotypes.
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Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2018
Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] is one of the most commonly used herbs in Indian trad... more Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] is one of the most commonly used herbs in Indian traditional medicine. The genomic DNA of 36 ashwagandha genotypes was extracted by modified CTAB method to evaluate diversity through EST-SSR markers. Total nine polymorphic primers were used for the screening across all the genotypes of ashwagandha which amplified 55 polymorphic bands. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of each marker varied from 0.21 to 0.86. The mean PIC, per cent polymorphism and resolving power were 0.732, 94.71 and 3.23 respectively. The Jaccard´s dissimilarity coefficients were able to classify all the genotypes of ashwagandha into three clusters where cophenetic correlation coefficient was 0.933. Genetic similarity among the genotypes ranged from 0.069 to 0.846 indicating high genetic divergence among the genotypes used in the present study. Ashwagandha genotypes MWS-205-3-2 and MWS-322-1-2 had the highest similarity while genotypes MPAS-15-3-1 and RAS-23-2-1 had minimum similarity. Further, from NJ analysis, RAS-11-3-2 could be the most primitive genotype among all the genotypes used in the study. Hence, EST-SSRs derived from solanaceae family can be used for genetic diversity analysis in Withania somnifera due to their cross-species transferability.
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International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important short duration grain legume which is grown ... more Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important short duration grain legume which is grown in different parts of the country, for grain and green manure. It is an outstanding source of easily digestible proteins with low flatulence, which balances the staple rice diet in Asia. Mungbean yellow mosaic disease (MYMD) caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is an important constraint of mungbean in India. Thirty five Indian mungbean genotypes were evaluated to identify the source of resistance against MYMV during kharif-2013. The per cent disease incidence (PDI) of MYMV among 35 mungbean genotypes was worked out up to ninth week after
sowing and it varied from 0 to 84.96%. At maturity stage of crop (ninth week after sowing), mean PDI was 27.09% and mean disease severity index (DSI) was 2.73. Out of 35 mungbean genotypes, five were found highly resistant, six were resistant and seven were moderately resistant. While, eight genotypes were found moderately susceptible, seven were susceptible and two were highly susceptible. Five genotypes namely, Meha, Bada Mung 7, KM 2245, IPM 0205-7 and IPM 02-3 found highly resistant during present investigation which can be used for the development of mapping population for the development of MYMV resistant varieties.
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Stable performance of grain amaranths genotypes at specific environment is critical for obtaining... more Stable performance of grain amaranths genotypes at specific environment is critical for obtaining high and consistent yield. This study was conducted to assess grain yield stability of thirteen genotypes in varied environments in three successive growing seasons and effects of genotype (G) and genotype×environment (GE) interaction were illustrate graphically based on " what-won-where " to advocate genotypes for a specific environment, using GGE biplot. Result of study revealed that GGE biplot was effective to recognize stable and highest yield (1648.92 kg/ha) genotype as G5 followed by G6 (1457.24 kg/ha) and G3 (1268.62 kg/ha) genotypes while the genotype G7 had the lowest grain yield and was the least stable across varying environments. This study could be aid tool for endorsement of amaranths genotypes for specific environment, taking into elucidation the peculiarities of genotypes and growing stipulation.
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Phenotypic stability was carried out by using Eberhart & Russell model, as well as recent GGE bip... more Phenotypic stability was carried out by using Eberhart & Russell model, as well as recent GGE biplot approach for identification of the foremost genotypes across the different environments in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotypes. Further, Pearson correlation was carried out to correlate the different yield contributing attributes with seed yield. Fifty six pigeonpea genotypes comprising fourteen parents, forty hybrids and two standard checks were evaluated at four environments during kharif season of 2013 and 2014, to study genotype × environment interaction for yield and related traits. A significant difference was obtained for yield and yield contributing characters among genotypes in individual as well as pooled environments except for pod length, 100 seed weight and seed protein content (%). For traits like days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, pod clusters per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant Genotypes × Environments (linear) values were significant when tested against pooled deviation. Some hybrids such as GT 610 A × GTR 84 (119.79 g), GT 603 A × GTR 81 (119.41 g), GT 610 A × GTR 82 (119.20 g), GT 607 A × GTR 82 (116.07 g), GT 601 A × GTR 82 (113.03 g) and GT 604 A × GTR 81 (110.92 g) depicted significant stability for the yield and yield components by Eberhart & Russell model. Similar results were observed by GGE biplot analysis for three hybrids viz., GT 610 A × GTR 84 (119.79 g), GT 603 A × GTR 81(119.41 g) and GT 610 A × GTR 82 (119.20 g) which depicted significant stability for the yield and its components and could be promising for cultivation across different environments in Western India.
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Objectives: Mungbean is one among the foremost necessary pulse crops. It is necessary to extract ... more Objectives: Mungbean is one among the foremost necessary pulse crops. It is necessary to extract good quality genomic DNA for molecular work in plant science. Hence, present study intended to establish a robust and cost effectively genomic DNA extraction method for mungbean. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The prevailing CTAB method for genomic DNA extraction from plant was altered by avoiding usage of liquid nitrogen or lyophilization. Genomic DNA of plant was extracted from leaves of seven mungbean genotypes by grinding in pre-heated CTAB extraction buffer. Increased concentration of CTAB, PVP, β-mercaptoethanol, use of RNase treatment and repetition of purification step with C:I after P:C:I treatment will suppress the interference of the contaminants. The effectiveness of DNA extraction protocol for PCR amplification was evaluated using SSR and RAPD markers. Findings: The quality of DNA was assured by the presence of intact bands of genomic DNA separated on 0.8% agarose gel. The yield of genomic DNA ranged from 871.6 to 1143.2 ng/μL with an average of 979.14 ng/μL. When measured spectrophotometrically, the A260/A280 ratio was in the range of 1.78 to 1.86, with an average of 1.82, indicating very low levels of contamination such as polysaccharides, phenolics and protein. The results of PCR amplification using SSR and RAPD markers indicated that the DNA extracted by this modified protocol was of decent quality and appropriate for various molecular studies. This protocol is suitable for underdeveloped countries, where resources for high throughput DNA isolation are not or less available. Application/Improvement: An effective, simple and cost-effective protocol for genomic DNA extraction with good yield as well as high purity was developed for mungbean which can be applied to other pulse crops also.
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The present study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical analysis ... more The present study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical analysis of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) leaves extracts.The extracts were prepared by the sequential cold maceration method by using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water as a solvent. Antimicrobial activity of four extracts was performed by agar well diffusion method against different bacteria and fungi. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of different extracts, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), TLC bioautography and qualitative phytochemical analysis were also performed. The antimicrobial activity of A. barbadensis leaves extracts was found maximum against S. marcescens with a Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) of 13.67±0.57mm by hexane extract. The MIC of different extracts ranged between 6.25 and 50.00 mg/ml. Among all the fungi used in the study, all the three Aspergillus species were slightly inhibited by the specific extracts. The finding of TLC bioautography showed that compounds eluted at Rf 0.65 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity whereas compounds eluted at Rf 0.41 and Rf 0.82 exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against S. marcescens. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of phytochemicals present in various extracts. The results of the investigation clearly indicate that A. barbadensis leaves extract have a potential antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms due to the presence of various phytochemicals.
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Objectives: A protocol was developed for plant regeneration using cotyledonary node of high-yield... more Objectives: A protocol was developed for plant regeneration using cotyledonary node of high-yielding indigenous pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotype GT 101. Methods: Induction of multiple shoots directly was completed from cotyledonary node as an explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations and combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Elongation of multiplied shoots was performed on MS medium supplemented with different combination of BAP and GA 3. These well elongated plantlets were further transferred on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for root induction. Regenerated plants were transferred to cocopeat:soil:vermiculite (2:1:2) for acclimation. Findings: The frequency of multiplication and number of multiple shoots from cotyledonary node explant were influenced on various types and concentrations of cytokinin. For multiple shoots induction, 3.0 mg/L BAP with 0.5 mg/L NAA was superior as compared to other combinations. The elongation of multiplied shoots was carried out on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA 3. The developed shoots were advanced to rooting on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. They were subsequently grown in pots with 80% survival rate and these plants produced viable seeds. Improvement: The protocol for the production of in vitro multiple shoots with high frequency and their successive conversion to whole plants agreements potential for use in the improvement of protocol for development of transgenic in pigeonpea.
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![Research paper thumbnail of Bulked Segregant Analysis and Its Utility for Identification of Linked Molecular Markers in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63248694/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Akinik Publications, 2020
Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an essential legume which can be grown in different envi... more Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an essential legume which can be grown in different environmental conditions, during all three crop seasons in India. It is grown as a sole or inter crop for grain and green manure. It complements the staple rice diet in Asia because it is a tremendous source of easily digestible proteins with low flatulence. Many constraints of mungbean including biotic and abiotic stresses reduce the yield. To accomplish future demands, there is a requirement to utilize molecular marker technology and other biotechnological tools and techniques. Hence, Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) with molecular marker technique can be used to identify the molecular marker(s) linked to the gene responsible for particular trait with less effort. It is considered as a short-cut method for identification of linked marker. This chapter includes discussion about general method of BSA and its application in mungbean improvement. The linked molecular marker further can be used for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in mungbean.
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