serdar tok | Sakarya University (original) (raw)

Papers by serdar tok

We investigated the effect of positive and negative feedback on maximal voluntary contraction (MV... more We investigated the effect of positive and negative feedback on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the biceps brachii muscle and explored the mediating effects of gender and conscientiousness. During elbow flexion, MVCs were measured in positive , negative, and no-feedback conditions. Participants were divided into high-and low-conscientiousness groups based on the median split of their scores on Tatar's five-factor personality inventory. Considering all participants 46 college student athletes (21 female, 28 male), positive feedback led to a greater MVC percentage change (À5.76%) than did negative feedback (2.2%). MVC percentage change in the positive feedback condition differed significantly by gender, but the negative feedback condition did not. Thus, positive feedback increased female athletes' MVC level by 3.49%, but decreased male athletes' MVC level by 15.6%. For conscientiousness, MVC percentage change in the positive feedback condition did not differ according to high and low conscientiousness. However, conscientiousness interacted with gender in the positive feedback condition, increasing MVC in high-conscientiousness female athletes and decreasing MVC in low-conscientiousness female athletes. Positive feedback decreased MVC in both high-and low-conscientiousness male athletes.

Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2011

ABSTRACT Adaptation of the revised schutte emotional intelligence scale into Turkish and examinat... more ABSTRACT Adaptation of the revised schutte emotional intelligence scale into Turkish and examination of its psychometric properties Objective: Although emotional intelligence is not a new term, as a conceptual framework it is relatively new and the tools to measure (tare rather few, a situation that is also reflected in Turkish literature. Therefore, in this study we aimed to adapt the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, developed by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden, Dornheim, (1998) (33 item) and revised by Austin, Saklofske, Huang, McKenney, (2004) (41 item), into Turkish. Method: After the translation of the scale into Turkish, 1022 females (58.6%) and 721 males (41.4%), a total of 1743 subjects, ranging in age from 17 to 78 years, completed the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. Results: The examination of the three-factor structure of the scale by explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the results were consistent with those reported by Austin et al. (2004). The Cronbach-Alfa internal consistency coefficient for the entire scale was 0.82 and for the subscales was 0.75, 0.39 and 0.76. Test- retest reliability for the entire scale within one week was found to be r=0.49 (n=88), and within two weeks it was r=0.56 (n=85). To examine the scale's discriminant validity, the Five Factor Personality Inventory was administered to 100 subjects in addition to the Emotional Intelligence Scale. The results indicated that there were significant correlations between the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and the personality traits ranging from -0.29 to 0.34. Emotional intelligence scores for the entire scale were compared in terms of gender, age, and educational levels. The results showed that females had significantly higher emotional intelligence scores than males and as the level of education increased so too did the scores of emotional intelligence. Conclusion:The results indicate that the Schutte Emotional Intelligence scale can be a reliable and valid instrument to be used for the Turkish population. However, further studies are needed to examine the factor structure of the scale.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES DURING ANTICI... more EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES DURING ANTICIPATION OF PUBLIC SPEAKING TASK IN ELITE ATHLETES
Üngür, G., Bayazıt, O., Tok, S., Bakır, M.
Dokuz Eylül University, School of Sport Sciences and Technology
Introduction Coping with stress is quite important for sporty performance in sport field that has intense competition. In this context, some individual traits may contribute to athletes. In recent years, it was seem that besides subjective methods objective physiologic parameters
were examined in certain sport studies revealing significant findings (Shelly-Trembley 2006, Huang and Hung 2010, Laborde, Brüll, Weber and Anders 2011). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) and personality traits on
electrophysiological stress responses of elite athletes. Method Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and short form Five Factors Personality
Inventory were completed by 54 elite athletes (32 male, 22 female). In order to trigger stress responses, participants were asked to prepare
a speech to perform in front of small group introducing their own sport branches, and were given 5 minutes for preparation. In these labrotory processes, electrophysiological parameters which consist of electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response were recorded by a portable biopotential amplifier (Nexus 10 Mark II, Holland). Results
In course of preparation for a speech, it was found that participants, who have high score on dimension of utilizations of emotions, have lower low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, while participants, who have high conscientiousness trait, have lower skin conductivity. In addition, it was found that participants, who have high agreeableness trait, have lower heart rate. Discussion The present study provided
evidence to suggest that personality traits together with EI may lead different psychophysiological response patterns under stress. According to research findings, it may be said that, people who have high level of ability for utilization of emotions, have lower stress responses. In another study, similary, negative significant corelation was found between dimension of emotional control and LF/HF ratio (Laborde et al 2011). Since athletes, who have high conscientiousness trait, have lower skin conductivity before speech task, it may be said that athletes who have this personality trait have lower stress reponses before performance. Moreover, it may be said that people who
have high agreeableness trait stay calmer while preparing for a speech task. References Shelly-Trembley JF, Kline JP. (2006). Changes in EEG laterality index effects of social inhibition on putting in novice golfers. Journal of Sport Behavior. 29(4):353-373. Huang C, Hung T. (2010). Using the IZOF hypothesis to examine the relationship between salivary cortisol and shooting performance. International journal of psychophysiology, 3:274. Laborde S, Brüll A, Weber J, Anders LS. (2011). Trait emotional intelligence in sports: A protective role against
stress through heart rate variability? Personality and Individual Differences, 51(1):23-27. Contact gamze.ungur@deu.edu.tr

Objectives: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether flow, together with pers... more Objectives: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether flow, together with personality and emotional intelligence, predicts performance in a race car driving simulation.
The study also aimed to examine whether personality and emotional intelligence could be psychological correlates of flow.
Method: Thirty individuals who had at least 2 years’ experience with car driving simulation programs and equipment were required to drive two time trials of three laps each in the
absence of other competitors. Performances were determined by the mean time taken to complete the 3 laps.
Results: Performance in driving was most strongly related to autotelic experience, extraversion, and utilization of emotion. Different combinations of personality and emotional
intelligence dimensions were able to predict certain flow facets.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that flow may have the potential to facilitate driving performance. Further, certain personality and emotional intelligence
dimensions may lead to the experience of flow.

Amaç: Duygusal Zekâ, ifade ettiği yapı eski olsa da kavram olarak oldukça yenidir ve bu kavram çe... more Amaç: Duygusal Zekâ, ifade ettiği yapı eski olsa da kavram olarak oldukça yenidir ve bu kavram çerçevesinde ölçme araçları oldukça azdır. Bu durumun Türkçe literatürdeki yansıması da farklı değildir. Bu nedenle Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden ve Dornheim (1998) tarafından geliştirilen ve Austin, Saklofske, Huang ve McKenney (2004) tarafından 41 madde olarak yeniden düzenlenen Schutte Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ölçeğin Türkçe'ye dilsel eşdeğerliliği sağlandıktan sonra 17-78 yaşları arasında 1022 kadın (%58,6) ve 721 erkek (%41,4) toplam 1743 kişiye uygulama yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Verilerden elde edilen sonuçlar, ölçeğin üç faktörlü yapısı incelendiğinde hem açıklayıcı hem de doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları Austin ve arkadaşlarının (2004) sunduğu sonuçlar ile tutarlıdır. Ölçeğin Cronbach-Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı bütünü için 0,82, alt boyutları için ise 0,75, 0,39 ve 0,76 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin bütünü için test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı bir hafta arayla (n=88) r=0,49, iki hafta arayla (n=85) r=0,56 bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin ayırt edici geçerliliğini incelemek için ölçekle birlikte 100 kişiye Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri uygulanmıştır. Schutte Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği ile kişilik özellikleri arasında -0,28 ile 0,34 arasında değişen anlamlı ilişkilere rastlanmıştır. Ayrıca ölçek genel toplam puanı cinsiyet, yaş ve eğitim düzeyi açısından da karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre kadınların duygusal zekâ puanı daha yüksektir ve eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe duygusal zekâ puanı da yükselmektedir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bulgular Schutte Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği'nin Türkçe konuşan popülasyon için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Ancak, ölçeğin faktör yapısının incelenmesi için başka çalışmalara gerek duyulmaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Schutte Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği, duygusal zekâ, ölçek uyarlama Kli nik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni 2011;21(4):325-38 ABS TRACT:

Social Behavior and Personality, 2010

We aimed to determine the relationship between social physique anxiety (SPA), body image dissatis... more We aimed to determine the relationship between social physique anxiety (SPA), body image dissatisfaction (BID), self-esteem (SE), and body fat ratio (BFR) in female exercisers and nonexercisers. Participants included 290 female exercisers and nonexercisers ranging in age from 18 to 60 (M = 24.0, SD = 10.0). One-way ANOVA and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used to analyze data. Significant relationships were found between SPA, body image satisfaction (BIS), and SE. Differences between each group's SPA, BID, and SE scores were also notable. It was concluded, therefore, that exercising behavior had a moderating effect on SPA, BIS, and SE.

Personality and Individual Differences, 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selected International Affective Picture System (IA... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selected International Affective Picture System (IAPS) pictures for an athlete population. A secondary focus was on whether ratings of IAPS pictures were related to personality traits. A total of 219 athletes participated in the study. Participants viewed 224 pictures that were selected from (IAPS). Ratings in terms of valence and arousal were obtained.

This study examines the relationship between psychophysiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and ... more This study examines the relationship between psychophysiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and personality traits in young taekwondo athletes. A total of 20 male and 10 female taekwondo athletes (mean age = 18.6 years; ± 1.8) volunteered for the study. The Five Factor Personality Inventory and the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to measure personality and cognitive state anxiety. Electrodermal activity (EDA) was measured twice, one day and approximately one hour prior to the competition, to determine psychophysiological arousal. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. Several "Big Five" facets were related to the EDA delta scores that were measured both one day and one hour before the competition. Two stepwise regressions were conducted to examine whether personality traits could significantly predict both EDA delta scores. The final model, containing only neuroticism from the Big Five factors, can significantly explain the variations in the EDA delta scores measured one day before the competition. Agreeableness can significantly explain variations in the EDA delta scores measured one hour before the competition. No relationship was found between cognitive anxiety and the EDA delta scores measured one hour before the competition. In conclusion, personality traits, especially agreeableness and neuroticism, might be useful in understanding arousal responses to competition.

The predictive ability of the Big Five personality traits and trait emotional intelligence (EI) o... more The predictive ability of the Big Five personality traits and trait emotional intelligence (EI) of physical education (PE) teacher candidates' academic success was examined. A total of 295 PE teacher candidates aged 23 to 32 completed the Short Form Five Factor Personality Inventory and the revised and adapted Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale at the beginning of the 2007-2008 academic year. At the year's end, participants' grade point averages (GPAs) were matched to their trait EI and personality scores. Pearson product-moment correlations and hierarchical regression were used to analyze data. Academic success as GPA was found to be positively related with Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness and negatively related with Neuroticism. Additionally, a regression model consisting of the Big Five personality traits could predict a significant amount of variance in GPA. However, no association was identified between trait EI as measured by the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and GPA. Trait EI also did not make any significant contribution to the predictive ability of the Big Five personality traits.

A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : Re la ti ons hips amongst Big Fi ve p... more A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : Re la ti ons hips amongst Big Fi ve per so na lity tra its and DRD4, DAT1 and 5-HT2A ge ne poly morp hisms we re in ves ti ga ted in 193 col le ge stu dents par ti ci pa ting in risky and non-risky sports. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Per so na lity tra its we re as ses sed by Fi ve Fac tor Per so na lity In ven tory (FFPI) and ge ne poly morp hisms we re analy zed by poly me ra se cha in reac ti on. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : In or der to exa mi ne whet her sig ni fant Big Fi ve per so na lity tra it dif fe ren ces exis ted bet we en DAT1 ge ne po li morp hisms, in de pen dent samp le t-test was used. Re sults sho wed that only Ag re e ab le ness di men si on re ve a led sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ce in di ca ting that in di vi du als with non-10/10 ge noty pe had hig her ag re e ab le ness sco res when com pa red to in di vi du als with 10/10 ge noty pe. ANO VA re sults sho wed that Big Fi ve per so na lity di men si ons sco res dif fe red sig ni fi cantly amongst 5-HT2A ge noty pes. In di vi du als with CC ge noty pe had lo wer emo ti o nal sta bi lity sco res when com pa red to in di vi du als with TC ge noty pe, and CC ge noty pe in di vi du als had gre a ter open ness to ex pe ri en ce sco res when com pa red to TT ge noty pe in di vi du als. Openness to ex pe ri en ce sco res we re al so sig ni fi cantly dif fe rent among DRD4 ge noty pes. In di vi du als with ll ge noty pe had gre a ter open ness to ex pe ri en ce sco res when com pa red to in di vi du als with ss ge noty pe. No 5-HT2A and risky sport par ti ci pa ti on (RSP) in te rac ti on ef fect was fo und on emo ti o nal chan ge sco re. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : DAT1 was not as so ci a ted with RSP. It was conc lu ded that DRD4 and 5-HT2A we re not di rectly as so ci a ted with RSP but may be used as in di rect pre dictors of it.

A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : This study tes ted whet her ex po su re ... more A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : This study tes ted whet her ex po su re to ide al thin fe ma le body ima ges ha ve an ef fect on ath le te and no nath le te fe ma les' body ima ge (dis)sa tis fac ti on (BID) and so ci al physi qu e an xi ety (SPA). M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : The par ti ci pants we re 143 he althy fe ma le ath le tes (n= 67) and no nath le tes (n= 76) ranging in age from 17 to 28. In ad di ti on to ath le tic sta tus, gro ups we re furt her di vi ded in to ex pe ri men tal and con trol gro ups (2 x 2 Fac to ri al de sign). In di vi du als in ex pe ri men tal gro ups vi e wed a sli de show which conta i ned 37 thin fe ma le body ima ges from va ri o us swim su its ad ver ti se ments which we re se lec ted by thre e refe re es. Af ter the ex pe ri ment, par ti ci pants comp le ted the Fi ve Fac tor Per so na lity In ven tory, SPA Sca le and BID Qu es ti on na i re. Body fat ra ti o was al so me a su red. In di vi du als in con trol gro ups comp le ted only me a sure ment de vi ces and the ir body fat ra ti o was me a su red. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : Re sults sho wed that the re was a sig ni fi cant body ima ge sa tis fac ti on dif fe ren ce in fa vor of ath le tes' ex pe ri men tal gro up (t (65)= -2. 23, p = 0.029). Ho wever, the re was no sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ce bet we en no nath le tes' con trol and ex pe ri men tal gro ups in terms of body ima ge sa tis fac ti on. Re sults re ve a led that fe ma le ath le tes (M :24.82, SD: 7.41) had sig ni fi cantly lo wer SPA than no nath le tes (M: 33.30, SD:7.50), [t (141): -6.78, p< 0.001]. Re sults al so de mons tra ted that fe ma le ath letes had hig her body ima ge sa tis fac ti on (M: 109.10, SD: 9.96) com pa red to no nath le tes (M: 91.75, SD: 10.23), [t(141): 10.24, p< 0.001]. A reg res si on mo del con ta i ning the Big Fi ve per so na lity tra its co uld exp la in sig ni ficant amo unt of va ri an ce in ath le tes' and no nath le tes' body ima ge sa tis fac ti on. Showing body fat ra ti o in crea sed pre dic ti ve abi lity of the reg res si on mo del only in the ath le te gro up. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : Thin fe ma le body ima ges ide a li sed by me di a may le ad ne ga ti ve body ima ge per cep ti on es pe ci ally in fe ma le ath le tes.

The purpose in this study was to examine differences between risky sport participants and nonpart... more The purpose in this study was to examine differences between risky sport participants and nonparticipants using the Big Five (McCrae & Costa, 1997) personality traits. The sample included 328 individuals ranging in age from 18 to 53 (M = 23.42 and SD = 3.98). The Five Factor Personality Inventory developed by Somer, Korkmaz, and Tatar was used to measure personality traits. The results showed that risky sport participants have significantly higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience and lower levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism. The measurement of Big Five personality traits might be a valuable means of estimating individuals' tendency to participate in adventure/risky sport, which in turn could be used to promote adventure/risky sport tourism.

Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2011

Social Behavior and Personality, 2010

Personality and Individual Differences, 2010