Aftab Alam Sthanadar | Islamia College University Peshawar (original) (raw)
Papers by Aftab Alam Sthanadar
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2014
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2014
Purpose: We studied the drug resistance of different microbes from clinical isolates. The morphol... more Purpose: We studied the drug resistance of different microbes from clinical isolates. The morphological characteristics of bacteria were observed through culture characteristics and by carrying out gram staining techniques while the biochemical characteristics of bacteria were carried out by biochemical test. Methods: A total of 324 samples were collected from suspected patients visiting different hospitals at district Peshawar. For morphological identification, samples of clinical isolates were analyzed by blood agar, MacConkey agar and Eosine Methylene Blue, identified by gram staining and characterized by different biochemical tests. Antibiotic Sensitivity test by Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to test the in-vitro susceptibility of the identified isolates to different antibiotics such as Ceftazidime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime and Imipenem. Results: These resistant non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria were isolated from samples of pus/wound (33.30%, n = 108/324), blood (33.30%, n = 108/324), urine (23.30%, n = 75/324) and from ascetic/pleural fluids (10.20%, n = 33/324). The study revealed that the percentage of non-fermenting bacterial infection was higher in females (53%) as compared to males (47%) along with higher infection observed in the age group of 11-30 years. Pseudomonas aeroginosa showed high resistance against Cefepime (88.80%), followed by Cefoperazone (55.50%), Ceftazidime (48.10%), Ceftriaxone (33.30%). Imipenem was active with low resistance (7.40%). More resistance was seen in Morganella morganii against Imipenem (66.70%) followed by Cefope-* Corresponding author. M. Akbar et al. 116 razone (55.50%), Ceftriaxone (55.50%). Cefepime showed low resistance (11%). Multi-drug resistant Proteus mirabillis was highly resistance to Ceftriaxone (74.07%), followed by Cefepime (59.20%), Cefoperazone (44.40%) and low resistance for Imipenem (25.90%). Salmonella typhi demonstrated high resistance against Imipenem (74.07%), followed by Ceftriaxone (40.70%), Ceftazidime (37.03%). Cefepime showed low resistance (3.70%), hence it is more active against S. typhi. Conclusions: The different species of non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria have shown a different resistivity pattern in the present study. Therefore identification of non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria and looking after their resistivity/susceptibility pattern are important for suitable management of the infections caused by them.
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2014
Purpose: The present studied was performed in order to investigate the drug resistance of differe... more Purpose: The present studied was performed in order to investigate the drug resistance of different non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria from clinical isolates. The bacteria were morphologically characterized through culturing and gram staining techniques were used for the identification of different bacterial strains. Methods: A total of 324 samples were collected from patients, after they were diagnosed by physicians at different hospitals at district Peshawar. Samples were morphologically identified by blood agar, MacConkey agar and Eosine Methylene Blue, identified by gram staining techniques. Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to test the in-vitro susceptibility of the identified isolates to different antibiotics. Results: The nonlactose fermenting gram negative bacteria were isolated from samples of blood (33.30%), pus/ wound (33.30%), urine (23.30%) and from ascetic/pleural fluids (10.20%). The study revealed that Pseudomonas aeroginosa showed high resistance against Gentamicin (74%) and Aztreonam (74%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (59.20%) and Amikacin (33.30). Tazocin was active as low resistance (18.50%) is shown. More resistance was seen in Morganella morganii against Aztreonam (77.7%) followed by Gentamicin (62.90%), Ciprofloxacin (40.70%). Tazocin show low resistance * Corresponding author. M. Zahid et al. 125 (3.70%). Multidrug resistant Proteus mirabillis was highly resistance to Gentamicin (66.60%), followed by Aztreonam (62.90%), Amikacin (55.50%), Ciprofloxacin (40.20%) and low resistance to Tazocin was (22.20%). Salmonella typhi demonstrated high resistance against Amikacin (62.90%), followed by Aztreonam (48.10%), Tazocin (40.70%). Gentamicin showed low resistance (29.60%), and hence it is more active against S. typhi. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that different species of non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria have shown a different resistivity pattern. This study is a gate way for better and suitable management strategy for the infections caused by non-Lactose fermenting bacteria in the sampling region.
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 2015
ABSTRACT Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium... more ABSTRACT Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were investigated in the skin tissue of fresh water fish Mulley, Wallago attu, to assess aquatic pollution in Kalpani river at District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Specimens were collected of three different polluted sites of the river during the months of July through October, 2013. The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pb was not detected in any of the specimens collected from the river while Cd was the highest and Ni was the least accumulated metal for all sampling months and sites. Mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.168±0.326 μg g-1, 0.747±1.106 μg g-1, 0.328±0.074 μg g-1 and 0.161±0.156 μg g-1 respectively. The results showed metals bio accumulation in skin of Mulley in order of Cd>Zn>Cr>Ni, with no detection of Pb. For data validation, statistics of Pearson correlation coefficient matrix was calculated (r > 0.5) It was concluded that Cr and Ni were higher than RDA permissible limits and fish skin act as a primary exposed target to aquatic pollutants.
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 2015
The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and... more The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were assessed in the intestine of freshwater fish Mulley (Wallago attu), collected from Kalpani river at district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sampling was carried out during the months of July to October, 2013. For determining heavy metals concentration, Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used. Heavy metals concentration was varying among sampling months and sites. Overall mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.069±0.068 μg g-1 , 0.008±0.004 μg g-1 , 0.427±0.100 μg g-1 and 0.059±0.032 μg g-1 respectively. However, Pb was not detected in any of the collected sample across all the sampling sites. The results showed metals bio accumulation in the intestine of Mulley, in order of Zn>Cr>Ni>Cd with no detection of Pb. Results showed, all the studied heavy metals were falling in the suggested permissible limits. In order to conserve and maintain the water, sediments and fish biodiversity of the river, regular assessment should be carried out and strict environmental policies should be planned by environmental protection agencies. Mass awareness should be initiated. The effluents and other wastes from the industries in the nearby areas should be treated before entering the river.
Sthanadar, A.A., Bittles, A.H. <http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Bittles, Alan.html> and Zahid, M. (2015) Response to Rehman et al. (2015). Journal of Biosocial Science, 48 (3). pp. 427-429., 2015
In academic debates it is customary for authors to acknowledge errors of interpretation, unwittin... more In academic debates it is customary for authors to acknowledge errors of interpretation, unwitting or otherwise...
The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and... more The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were assessed in the intestine of freshwater fish Mulley (Wallago attu), collected from Kalpani river at district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sampling was carried out during the months of July to October, 2013. For determining heavy metals concentration, Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used. Heavy metals concentration was varying among sampling months and sites. Overall mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.069±0.068 μg g-1, 0.008±0.004 μg g-1, 0.427±0.100 μg g-1 and 0.059±0.032 μg g-1 respectively. However, Pb was not detected in any of the collected sample across all the sampling sites. The results showed metals bio accumulation in the intestine of Mulley, in order of Zn>Cr>Ni>Cd with no detection of Pb. Results showed, all the studied heavy metals were falling in the suggested permissible limit...
International Journal of Infection, 2016
The present study was conducted to assess the heavy metals concentration at Kalpani river at dist... more The present study was conducted to assess the heavy metals concentration at Kalpani river at district Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The heavy metals studied were lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni). Sampling was carried out during the months of July to October, 2013. The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of the studied heavy metals was varying among sampling months and sites. Overall mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Zn and Ni were 0.214±0.016 μg g-1, 0.552±0.099 μg g-1 and 0.509±0.069 μg g-1 respectively while Pb and Cd was not detected in any sediment sample across all the sampling sites. The results showed, heavy metals were present in the order of Zn>Ni>Cr while Pb and Cd was not detectable at all. Results showed that all the studied heavy metals were falling in suggested permissible limits except Zinc, which was
Present study deals with analysis of selected Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metals of Indus ... more Present study deals with analysis of selected Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metals of Indus River at Beka Swabi. Present study was conducted for four months that was from November 2012 to February 2013. During each study month, the mean value recorded for water quality parameters were: Velocity Of Water 0.94 m/s,
Journal of coastal life medicine, 2013
Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zi... more Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were investigated in the skin tissue of fresh water fish Mulley, Wallago attu, to assess aquatic pollution in Kalpani river at District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Specimens were collected of three different polluted sites of the river during the months of July through October, 2013. The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pb was not detected in any of the specimens collected from the river while Cd was the highest and Ni was the least accumulated metal for all sampling months and sites. Mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.168±0.326 μg g-1, 0.747±1.106 μg g-1, 0.328±0.074 μg g-1 and 0.161±0.156 μg g-1 respectively. The results showed metals bio accumulation in skin of Mulley in order of Cd>Zn>Cr>Ni, with no detection of Pb. For data validatio...
Journal of biosocial science, May 15, 2015
In their article on tribal Pashtuns in north-west Pakistan, Ahmad et al. (2015) drew attention to... more In their article on tribal Pashtuns in north-west Pakistan, Ahmad et al. (2015) drew attention to the slight decline during the last 20 years in the prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Bajaur Agency, which runs counter to our recent findings in neighbouring Malakand district (Sthanadar et al., 2014). We would like to clarify an apparent misreading of our paper by Ahmad et al. In their Discussion, they indicated that the 66.4% (α = 0.0338) consanguineous marriage rate estimated in Malakand was based on the parents of children with hearing impairment. This is not the case. As stated in our paper, the study was conducted by male and female interviewers at household level in rural areas of Malakand between January 2011 and February 2013, as part of a population-wide investigation to assess the prevalence of childhood hearing impairment. The families studied were representative of the rural population as a whole, and not restricted to families with a hearing-impaired child. The reported consanguineous marriage rate in Malakand should therefore be interpreted from a population-wide perspective. It does not represent the level of parental consanguinity in children with a hearing impairment. To determine whether the post-1995 decline in consanguinity reported for Bajaur was observed more widely in Pakistan, and more particularly in the north-west Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KPK), we have extracted information on consanguineous marriage collected as part of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS), conducted in 1990/91, 2006/07 and 2012/13 (NIPS, 1992, 2008, 2013). The primary aim of the PDHS is to evaluate changes in the demographic and health status of the population of Pakistan, with detailed personal and family information collected at household level by trained interviewers. On a nationwide basis, consanguineous marriages declined slightly in
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2014
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2013
Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 2014
The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in schoolgoing... more The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in schoolgoing children. Both Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia have considerable adverse effect on human health. Among the different negative health concerns, including stunt development, less developed immunity, lower IQ level, no proper physical work capacity, more fatigue, maternal mortality rates, young ones born with low birth weight, birth complications and infant mortality rates are some of the remarkable health concerns posed by iron deficiency level. Our study sample was consisting of 420 school age children of both genders. The blood samples were collected in EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tubes from different school and health maternity centres by trained and veteran persons. Questionnaires were utilised for the data collection, at the time of blood samples collection. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrite (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell and red blood cell (RBC) were determine by automatic hematological analyzer model Symex Ks-21 having two reagents, cell pack and Stromatolyser-wwt 500 ml. The total percentage of anemia recorded in school age children was 34.0%. In tehsil Banda Daud Shah, the incidence of anemia was high up to 43.6% while in tehsil Takhti Nasrati and Karak was 32.1% and 26.4% respectively. The percentage was high in girls (38.9%) than in boys (31.0%). The anemia percentage was recorded high (55.8%) in lower socioeconomic family children, than middle class (32.2%) and upper class (17%). The percentage of anemic children was also high (40%) in age group of 10-12 years. Pale skin was the most common symptom of anemia.
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2014
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2013
The study was carried out from September 2012 to January 2013.Present study deals with the preval... more The study was carried out from September 2012 to January 2013.Present study deals with the prevalence of liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in domesticated cattle of distt lower Dir. The liver flukes were recovered from adult buffaloes, cows, goats and sheep of either sex and were put in 10% formalin solution till identification. During the present study it was find out that the overall prevalence of liver fluke was higher in buffaloes that are 13.5% in cows it was 3.5% while it was 0% for goats and sheep. The average prevalence of liver fluke was 12.8%. The prevalence of liver fluke in goats and sheep was very low i.e. 0% throughout the study duration. Its most probable reason may be that the said animal groups are grazing in semi arid hilly areas where the intermediate hosts (snail) are very rare or totally absent.
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2013
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2014
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2014
Purpose: We studied the drug resistance of different microbes from clinical isolates. The morphol... more Purpose: We studied the drug resistance of different microbes from clinical isolates. The morphological characteristics of bacteria were observed through culture characteristics and by carrying out gram staining techniques while the biochemical characteristics of bacteria were carried out by biochemical test. Methods: A total of 324 samples were collected from suspected patients visiting different hospitals at district Peshawar. For morphological identification, samples of clinical isolates were analyzed by blood agar, MacConkey agar and Eosine Methylene Blue, identified by gram staining and characterized by different biochemical tests. Antibiotic Sensitivity test by Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to test the in-vitro susceptibility of the identified isolates to different antibiotics such as Ceftazidime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime and Imipenem. Results: These resistant non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria were isolated from samples of pus/wound (33.30%, n = 108/324), blood (33.30%, n = 108/324), urine (23.30%, n = 75/324) and from ascetic/pleural fluids (10.20%, n = 33/324). The study revealed that the percentage of non-fermenting bacterial infection was higher in females (53%) as compared to males (47%) along with higher infection observed in the age group of 11-30 years. Pseudomonas aeroginosa showed high resistance against Cefepime (88.80%), followed by Cefoperazone (55.50%), Ceftazidime (48.10%), Ceftriaxone (33.30%). Imipenem was active with low resistance (7.40%). More resistance was seen in Morganella morganii against Imipenem (66.70%) followed by Cefope-* Corresponding author. M. Akbar et al. 116 razone (55.50%), Ceftriaxone (55.50%). Cefepime showed low resistance (11%). Multi-drug resistant Proteus mirabillis was highly resistance to Ceftriaxone (74.07%), followed by Cefepime (59.20%), Cefoperazone (44.40%) and low resistance for Imipenem (25.90%). Salmonella typhi demonstrated high resistance against Imipenem (74.07%), followed by Ceftriaxone (40.70%), Ceftazidime (37.03%). Cefepime showed low resistance (3.70%), hence it is more active against S. typhi. Conclusions: The different species of non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria have shown a different resistivity pattern in the present study. Therefore identification of non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria and looking after their resistivity/susceptibility pattern are important for suitable management of the infections caused by them.
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2014
Purpose: The present studied was performed in order to investigate the drug resistance of differe... more Purpose: The present studied was performed in order to investigate the drug resistance of different non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria from clinical isolates. The bacteria were morphologically characterized through culturing and gram staining techniques were used for the identification of different bacterial strains. Methods: A total of 324 samples were collected from patients, after they were diagnosed by physicians at different hospitals at district Peshawar. Samples were morphologically identified by blood agar, MacConkey agar and Eosine Methylene Blue, identified by gram staining techniques. Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to test the in-vitro susceptibility of the identified isolates to different antibiotics. Results: The nonlactose fermenting gram negative bacteria were isolated from samples of blood (33.30%), pus/ wound (33.30%), urine (23.30%) and from ascetic/pleural fluids (10.20%). The study revealed that Pseudomonas aeroginosa showed high resistance against Gentamicin (74%) and Aztreonam (74%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (59.20%) and Amikacin (33.30). Tazocin was active as low resistance (18.50%) is shown. More resistance was seen in Morganella morganii against Aztreonam (77.7%) followed by Gentamicin (62.90%), Ciprofloxacin (40.70%). Tazocin show low resistance * Corresponding author. M. Zahid et al. 125 (3.70%). Multidrug resistant Proteus mirabillis was highly resistance to Gentamicin (66.60%), followed by Aztreonam (62.90%), Amikacin (55.50%), Ciprofloxacin (40.20%) and low resistance to Tazocin was (22.20%). Salmonella typhi demonstrated high resistance against Amikacin (62.90%), followed by Aztreonam (48.10%), Tazocin (40.70%). Gentamicin showed low resistance (29.60%), and hence it is more active against S. typhi. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that different species of non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria have shown a different resistivity pattern. This study is a gate way for better and suitable management strategy for the infections caused by non-Lactose fermenting bacteria in the sampling region.
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 2015
ABSTRACT Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium... more ABSTRACT Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were investigated in the skin tissue of fresh water fish Mulley, Wallago attu, to assess aquatic pollution in Kalpani river at District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Specimens were collected of three different polluted sites of the river during the months of July through October, 2013. The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pb was not detected in any of the specimens collected from the river while Cd was the highest and Ni was the least accumulated metal for all sampling months and sites. Mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.168±0.326 μg g-1, 0.747±1.106 μg g-1, 0.328±0.074 μg g-1 and 0.161±0.156 μg g-1 respectively. The results showed metals bio accumulation in skin of Mulley in order of Cd>Zn>Cr>Ni, with no detection of Pb. For data validation, statistics of Pearson correlation coefficient matrix was calculated (r > 0.5) It was concluded that Cr and Ni were higher than RDA permissible limits and fish skin act as a primary exposed target to aquatic pollutants.
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 2015
The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and... more The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were assessed in the intestine of freshwater fish Mulley (Wallago attu), collected from Kalpani river at district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sampling was carried out during the months of July to October, 2013. For determining heavy metals concentration, Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used. Heavy metals concentration was varying among sampling months and sites. Overall mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.069±0.068 μg g-1 , 0.008±0.004 μg g-1 , 0.427±0.100 μg g-1 and 0.059±0.032 μg g-1 respectively. However, Pb was not detected in any of the collected sample across all the sampling sites. The results showed metals bio accumulation in the intestine of Mulley, in order of Zn>Cr>Ni>Cd with no detection of Pb. Results showed, all the studied heavy metals were falling in the suggested permissible limits. In order to conserve and maintain the water, sediments and fish biodiversity of the river, regular assessment should be carried out and strict environmental policies should be planned by environmental protection agencies. Mass awareness should be initiated. The effluents and other wastes from the industries in the nearby areas should be treated before entering the river.
Sthanadar, A.A., Bittles, A.H. <http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Bittles, Alan.html> and Zahid, M. (2015) Response to Rehman et al. (2015). Journal of Biosocial Science, 48 (3). pp. 427-429., 2015
In academic debates it is customary for authors to acknowledge errors of interpretation, unwittin... more In academic debates it is customary for authors to acknowledge errors of interpretation, unwitting or otherwise...
The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and... more The concentration of five heavy metals like lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were assessed in the intestine of freshwater fish Mulley (Wallago attu), collected from Kalpani river at district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sampling was carried out during the months of July to October, 2013. For determining heavy metals concentration, Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used. Heavy metals concentration was varying among sampling months and sites. Overall mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.069±0.068 μg g-1, 0.008±0.004 μg g-1, 0.427±0.100 μg g-1 and 0.059±0.032 μg g-1 respectively. However, Pb was not detected in any of the collected sample across all the sampling sites. The results showed metals bio accumulation in the intestine of Mulley, in order of Zn>Cr>Ni>Cd with no detection of Pb. Results showed, all the studied heavy metals were falling in the suggested permissible limit...
International Journal of Infection, 2016
The present study was conducted to assess the heavy metals concentration at Kalpani river at dist... more The present study was conducted to assess the heavy metals concentration at Kalpani river at district Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The heavy metals studied were lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni). Sampling was carried out during the months of July to October, 2013. The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of the studied heavy metals was varying among sampling months and sites. Overall mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Zn and Ni were 0.214±0.016 μg g-1, 0.552±0.099 μg g-1 and 0.509±0.069 μg g-1 respectively while Pb and Cd was not detected in any sediment sample across all the sampling sites. The results showed, heavy metals were present in the order of Zn>Ni>Cr while Pb and Cd was not detectable at all. Results showed that all the studied heavy metals were falling in suggested permissible limits except Zinc, which was
Present study deals with analysis of selected Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metals of Indus ... more Present study deals with analysis of selected Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metals of Indus River at Beka Swabi. Present study was conducted for four months that was from November 2012 to February 2013. During each study month, the mean value recorded for water quality parameters were: Velocity Of Water 0.94 m/s,
Journal of coastal life medicine, 2013
Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zi... more Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were investigated in the skin tissue of fresh water fish Mulley, Wallago attu, to assess aquatic pollution in Kalpani river at District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Specimens were collected of three different polluted sites of the river during the months of July through October, 2013. The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pb was not detected in any of the specimens collected from the river while Cd was the highest and Ni was the least accumulated metal for all sampling months and sites. Mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.168±0.326 μg g-1, 0.747±1.106 μg g-1, 0.328±0.074 μg g-1 and 0.161±0.156 μg g-1 respectively. The results showed metals bio accumulation in skin of Mulley in order of Cd>Zn>Cr>Ni, with no detection of Pb. For data validatio...
Journal of biosocial science, May 15, 2015
In their article on tribal Pashtuns in north-west Pakistan, Ahmad et al. (2015) drew attention to... more In their article on tribal Pashtuns in north-west Pakistan, Ahmad et al. (2015) drew attention to the slight decline during the last 20 years in the prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Bajaur Agency, which runs counter to our recent findings in neighbouring Malakand district (Sthanadar et al., 2014). We would like to clarify an apparent misreading of our paper by Ahmad et al. In their Discussion, they indicated that the 66.4% (α = 0.0338) consanguineous marriage rate estimated in Malakand was based on the parents of children with hearing impairment. This is not the case. As stated in our paper, the study was conducted by male and female interviewers at household level in rural areas of Malakand between January 2011 and February 2013, as part of a population-wide investigation to assess the prevalence of childhood hearing impairment. The families studied were representative of the rural population as a whole, and not restricted to families with a hearing-impaired child. The reported consanguineous marriage rate in Malakand should therefore be interpreted from a population-wide perspective. It does not represent the level of parental consanguinity in children with a hearing impairment. To determine whether the post-1995 decline in consanguinity reported for Bajaur was observed more widely in Pakistan, and more particularly in the north-west Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KPK), we have extracted information on consanguineous marriage collected as part of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS), conducted in 1990/91, 2006/07 and 2012/13 (NIPS, 1992, 2008, 2013). The primary aim of the PDHS is to evaluate changes in the demographic and health status of the population of Pakistan, with detailed personal and family information collected at household level by trained interviewers. On a nationwide basis, consanguineous marriages declined slightly in
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2014
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2013
Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 2014
The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in schoolgoing... more The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in schoolgoing children. Both Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia have considerable adverse effect on human health. Among the different negative health concerns, including stunt development, less developed immunity, lower IQ level, no proper physical work capacity, more fatigue, maternal mortality rates, young ones born with low birth weight, birth complications and infant mortality rates are some of the remarkable health concerns posed by iron deficiency level. Our study sample was consisting of 420 school age children of both genders. The blood samples were collected in EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tubes from different school and health maternity centres by trained and veteran persons. Questionnaires were utilised for the data collection, at the time of blood samples collection. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrite (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell and red blood cell (RBC) were determine by automatic hematological analyzer model Symex Ks-21 having two reagents, cell pack and Stromatolyser-wwt 500 ml. The total percentage of anemia recorded in school age children was 34.0%. In tehsil Banda Daud Shah, the incidence of anemia was high up to 43.6% while in tehsil Takhti Nasrati and Karak was 32.1% and 26.4% respectively. The percentage was high in girls (38.9%) than in boys (31.0%). The anemia percentage was recorded high (55.8%) in lower socioeconomic family children, than middle class (32.2%) and upper class (17%). The percentage of anemic children was also high (40%) in age group of 10-12 years. Pale skin was the most common symptom of anemia.
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2014
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2013
The study was carried out from September 2012 to January 2013.Present study deals with the preval... more The study was carried out from September 2012 to January 2013.Present study deals with the prevalence of liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in domesticated cattle of distt lower Dir. The liver flukes were recovered from adult buffaloes, cows, goats and sheep of either sex and were put in 10% formalin solution till identification. During the present study it was find out that the overall prevalence of liver fluke was higher in buffaloes that are 13.5% in cows it was 3.5% while it was 0% for goats and sheep. The average prevalence of liver fluke was 12.8%. The prevalence of liver fluke in goats and sheep was very low i.e. 0% throughout the study duration. Its most probable reason may be that the said animal groups are grazing in semi arid hilly areas where the intermediate hosts (snail) are very rare or totally absent.
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2013