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Research paper thumbnail of Obtainment of embryogenic cell suspensions from scalps of the banana CIEN-BTA-03 (Musa sp., AAAA) and regeneration of the plants

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 2008

Abbreviations: 2.4-D: 2.4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid BA: benzyladenine CE: conversion of embryos ... more Abbreviations: 2.4-D: 2.4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid BA: benzyladenine CE: conversion of embryos CNEC: compact non-embryogenic calluses ECS: embryogenic cell suspension ES: explants with scalps IAA: indoleacetic acid ME: mature embryos MM: maturation medium MS: Murashige and Skoog medium NECS: non-embryogenic cell suspension NNEC: nodular non-embryogenic calluses NS: number of scalps cm -2 of the multiple meristem mass. PSE: primary somatic embryos SCV: sedimented cell volumen VP: percentages of vitroplants thus obtained. The purposes of this work were to obtain embryogenic cell suspensions (ECS) from scalps and to regenerate plants of the banana CIEN-BTA-03. Shoot apexes were grown in the scalp-induction medium of Murashige and Skoog plus BA and IAA, following four diverse treatments. The first two, ME22 and ME25, were solid media supplemented with (mg L -1 ) 22.7 BA plus 0.192 IAA, and 25 BA plus 0.217 IAA, respectively, all containing 1.8 g L -1 of phytagel, and subcultures were performed monthly and bimonthly over 16 months. The other two treatments, IT22 and IT25, resembled ME22 and ME25 but consisted in temporary immersion for four months without subcultures, followed by two *Corresponding author

Research paper thumbnail of Antenna organization in green photosynthetic bacteria. 2. Excitation transfer in detached and membrane-bound chlorosomes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Biochemistry, 1987

The photosynthetic antenna of Chloroflexus aurantiacus includes bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c740 a... more The photosynthetic antenna of Chloroflexus aurantiacus includes bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c740 and BChl a792, both of which occur in chlorosomes, and B808-866 (containing BChl aSo8 and BChl ~2866)~ which is membrane-located (subscripts refer to near-infrared absorption maxima in vivo). BChl a792 is thought to mediate excitation transfer from BChl c740 to BChl aSo8. Lifetimes of fluorescence from BChl c740 and BChl a792 were measured in isolated and membrane-bound chlorosomes in order to study energy transfer from these pigments. In both preparations, the lifetime of BChl c740 fluorescence was at or below the instrumental limit of temporal resolution (about 30-50 ps), implying extremely fast excitation transfer from this pigment. Attempts to disrupt excitation transfer from BChl c740, either by conversion of part of this pigment to a monomeric form absorbing at 671 nm or by partial destruction of BChl a792 by oxidation with K3Fe(CN),, had no discernible effects on the lifetime of BChl c740 fluorescence. Most (usually >90%) of the fluorescence from BChl a792 decayed with a lifetime of 93 f 21 ps in membrane-attached chlorosomes and 155 f 22 ps in isolated chlorosomes at room temperature. Assuming that the only difference between these preparations is the occurrence of excitation transfer from BChl a792 to B808-866, a 41% efficiency was calculated for this process. This value is lower than the 60% efficiency of excitation transfer from BChl c740 to B808-866 determined by comparison of fluorescence excitation and absorption spectra of membranes with attached chlorosomes and compares even less favorably with the 100% efficiency of excitation transfer found in whole cells by the same method. Furthermore, measurements at 77 K (on different samples) did not show an increased lifetime of BChl a792 fluorescence when isolated chlorosomes were compared with membrane-bound chlorosomes. These results imply either that BChl a792 is not an obligatory intermediate in energy transfer from BChl c740 to B808-866 or (more probably) that chlorosome isolation introduces new processes for quenching fluorescence from BChl a792.

Research paper thumbnail of Khazanah

Telah menceritakan kepada kami 'Abdurrahman bin Ibrahim bin Ad Dimasyqi berkata, telah menceritak... more Telah menceritakan kepada kami 'Abdurrahman bin Ibrahim bin Ad Dimasyqi berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami Bisyr bin Bakr berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami Ibnu Jabir berkata, telah menceritakan kepadaku Abu Abdus Salam dari Tsauban ia berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Hampir-hampir bangsa-bangsa memperebutkan kalian (umat Islam), layaknya memperebutkan makanan yang berada di mangkuk." Seorang laki-laki berkata, "Apakah kami waktu itu berjumlah sedikit?" beliau menjawab: "Bahkan jumlah kalian pada waktu itu sangat banyak, namun kalian seperti buih di genangan air. Sungguh Allah akan mencabut rasa takut kepada kalian, dan akan menanamkan ke dalam hati kalian Al wahn." Seseorang lalu berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, apa itu Al wahn?" beliau menjawab: "Cinta dunia dan takut mati."abu daud ُ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ش‬ ِ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫دَّث‬ ‫حَ‬ ‫ِيُّ‬ ‫ق‬ ْ ‫َش‬ ‫م‬ ‫الدِّ‬ َ ‫ِيم‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ْرَ‬ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ‫ْنُ‬ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫َن‬ ‫م‬ ‫حْ‬ ‫الرَّ‬ ُ ‫ْد‬ ‫ب‬ ‫عَ‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ث‬ ‫دَّ‬ ‫حَ‬ ‫نْ‬ ‫عَ‬ ِ ‫م‬ َ ‫َل‬ ‫السَّ‬ ِ ‫ْد‬ ‫ب‬ ‫عَ‬ ‫ُو‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫أ‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫َّث‬ ‫د‬ ‫حَ‬ ٍ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫اب‬ ‫جَ‬ ‫ْنُ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫دَّث‬ ‫حَ‬ ٍ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫َك‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ْنُ‬ ‫ب‬ ِ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ُ ‫ُول‬ ‫س‬ ‫رَ‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫َانَ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫وْ‬ َ ‫ث‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ُوشِ‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫م‬ َّ ‫سَل‬ ‫وَ‬ ِ ‫ْه‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫عَل‬ ُ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ‫ى‬ َّ ‫َل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫عَت‬ ‫صْ‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫ل‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ُ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ك‬ َ ْ ‫اْل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دَاعَ‬ َ ‫ت‬ ‫َا‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫ك‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ْك‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫عَل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دَاعَ‬ َ ‫ت‬ ‫نْ‬ َ ‫أ‬ ُ ‫َم‬ ‫م‬ ُ ْ ‫اْل‬ ٍ ‫ِذ‬ ‫َئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫َوْ‬ ‫ي‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ت‬ ْ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ ْ ‫َل‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ ٍ ‫ِذ‬ ‫َئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫َوْ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫نُ‬ ‫حْ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ٍ ‫ة‬ َّ ‫ِل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِنْ‬ ‫م‬ ‫وَ‬ ٌ ‫ِل‬ ‫ائ‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ف‬ ‫وَ‬ ِ ‫ْل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫السَّ‬ ‫اءِ‬ َ ‫ث‬ ُ ‫غ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ٌ ‫اء‬ َ ‫ث‬ ُ ‫غ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ َّ ‫ِن‬ ‫ك‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫وَ‬ ٌ ‫ِير‬ ‫ث‬ َ ‫ك‬ ‫ِنْ‬ ‫م‬ ُ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ‫عَنَّ‬ َ ‫ز‬ ْ ‫َن‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ل‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫وب‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ق‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫ف‬ ُ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ‫نَّ‬ َ ‫ِف‬ ‫ذ‬ ْ ‫َق‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫وَ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ْ ‫ِن‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫َة‬ ‫َاب‬ ‫َه‬ ‫م‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ُوِّ‬ ‫عَد‬ ِ ‫ُور‬ ‫ُد‬ ‫ص‬ ‫حُبُّ‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫نُ‬ ‫هْ‬ ‫وَ‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ‫َا‬ ‫م‬ ‫وَ‬ ِ َّ ‫ّللا‬ َ ‫ُول‬ ‫س‬ ‫رَ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ي‬ ٌ ‫ِل‬ ‫ائ‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ف‬ ‫نَ‬ ‫هْ‬ ‫وَ‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َوْ‬ ‫م‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫َة‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫اه‬ ‫رَ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ‫وَ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ي‬ ْ ‫ُّن‬ ‫الد‬

Research paper thumbnail of Obtainment of embryogenic cell suspensions from scalps of the banana CIEN-BTA-03 (Musa sp., AAAA) and regeneration of the plants

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 2008

Abbreviations: 2.4-D: 2.4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid BA: benzyladenine CE: conversion of embryos ... more Abbreviations: 2.4-D: 2.4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid BA: benzyladenine CE: conversion of embryos CNEC: compact non-embryogenic calluses ECS: embryogenic cell suspension ES: explants with scalps IAA: indoleacetic acid ME: mature embryos MM: maturation medium MS: Murashige and Skoog medium NECS: non-embryogenic cell suspension NNEC: nodular non-embryogenic calluses NS: number of scalps cm -2 of the multiple meristem mass. PSE: primary somatic embryos SCV: sedimented cell volumen VP: percentages of vitroplants thus obtained. The purposes of this work were to obtain embryogenic cell suspensions (ECS) from scalps and to regenerate plants of the banana CIEN-BTA-03. Shoot apexes were grown in the scalp-induction medium of Murashige and Skoog plus BA and IAA, following four diverse treatments. The first two, ME22 and ME25, were solid media supplemented with (mg L -1 ) 22.7 BA plus 0.192 IAA, and 25 BA plus 0.217 IAA, respectively, all containing 1.8 g L -1 of phytagel, and subcultures were performed monthly and bimonthly over 16 months. The other two treatments, IT22 and IT25, resembled ME22 and ME25 but consisted in temporary immersion for four months without subcultures, followed by two *Corresponding author

Research paper thumbnail of Antenna organization in green photosynthetic bacteria. 2. Excitation transfer in detached and membrane-bound chlorosomes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Biochemistry, 1987

The photosynthetic antenna of Chloroflexus aurantiacus includes bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c740 a... more The photosynthetic antenna of Chloroflexus aurantiacus includes bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c740 and BChl a792, both of which occur in chlorosomes, and B808-866 (containing BChl aSo8 and BChl ~2866)~ which is membrane-located (subscripts refer to near-infrared absorption maxima in vivo). BChl a792 is thought to mediate excitation transfer from BChl c740 to BChl aSo8. Lifetimes of fluorescence from BChl c740 and BChl a792 were measured in isolated and membrane-bound chlorosomes in order to study energy transfer from these pigments. In both preparations, the lifetime of BChl c740 fluorescence was at or below the instrumental limit of temporal resolution (about 30-50 ps), implying extremely fast excitation transfer from this pigment. Attempts to disrupt excitation transfer from BChl c740, either by conversion of part of this pigment to a monomeric form absorbing at 671 nm or by partial destruction of BChl a792 by oxidation with K3Fe(CN),, had no discernible effects on the lifetime of BChl c740 fluorescence. Most (usually >90%) of the fluorescence from BChl a792 decayed with a lifetime of 93 f 21 ps in membrane-attached chlorosomes and 155 f 22 ps in isolated chlorosomes at room temperature. Assuming that the only difference between these preparations is the occurrence of excitation transfer from BChl a792 to B808-866, a 41% efficiency was calculated for this process. This value is lower than the 60% efficiency of excitation transfer from BChl c740 to B808-866 determined by comparison of fluorescence excitation and absorption spectra of membranes with attached chlorosomes and compares even less favorably with the 100% efficiency of excitation transfer found in whole cells by the same method. Furthermore, measurements at 77 K (on different samples) did not show an increased lifetime of BChl a792 fluorescence when isolated chlorosomes were compared with membrane-bound chlorosomes. These results imply either that BChl a792 is not an obligatory intermediate in energy transfer from BChl c740 to B808-866 or (more probably) that chlorosome isolation introduces new processes for quenching fluorescence from BChl a792.

Research paper thumbnail of Khazanah

Telah menceritakan kepada kami 'Abdurrahman bin Ibrahim bin Ad Dimasyqi berkata, telah menceritak... more Telah menceritakan kepada kami 'Abdurrahman bin Ibrahim bin Ad Dimasyqi berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami Bisyr bin Bakr berkata, telah menceritakan kepada kami Ibnu Jabir berkata, telah menceritakan kepadaku Abu Abdus Salam dari Tsauban ia berkata, "Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Hampir-hampir bangsa-bangsa memperebutkan kalian (umat Islam), layaknya memperebutkan makanan yang berada di mangkuk." Seorang laki-laki berkata, "Apakah kami waktu itu berjumlah sedikit?" beliau menjawab: "Bahkan jumlah kalian pada waktu itu sangat banyak, namun kalian seperti buih di genangan air. Sungguh Allah akan mencabut rasa takut kepada kalian, dan akan menanamkan ke dalam hati kalian Al wahn." Seseorang lalu berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, apa itu Al wahn?" beliau menjawab: "Cinta dunia dan takut mati."abu daud ُ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫ش‬ ِ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫دَّث‬ ‫حَ‬ ‫ِيُّ‬ ‫ق‬ ْ ‫َش‬ ‫م‬ ‫الدِّ‬ َ ‫ِيم‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ْرَ‬ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ‫ْنُ‬ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫َن‬ ‫م‬ ‫حْ‬ ‫الرَّ‬ ُ ‫ْد‬ ‫ب‬ ‫عَ‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ث‬ ‫دَّ‬ ‫حَ‬ ‫نْ‬ ‫عَ‬ ِ ‫م‬ َ ‫َل‬ ‫السَّ‬ ِ ‫ْد‬ ‫ب‬ ‫عَ‬ ‫ُو‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫أ‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫َّث‬ ‫د‬ ‫حَ‬ ٍ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫اب‬ ‫جَ‬ ‫ْنُ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫دَّث‬ ‫حَ‬ ٍ ‫ر‬ ْ ‫َك‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ْنُ‬ ‫ب‬ ِ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ُ ‫ُول‬ ‫س‬ ‫رَ‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫َانَ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫وْ‬ َ ‫ث‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ُوشِ‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫م‬ َّ ‫سَل‬ ‫وَ‬ ِ ‫ْه‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫عَل‬ ُ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ‫ى‬ َّ ‫َل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫عَت‬ ‫صْ‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬ َ ‫ل‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ُ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ك‬ َ ْ ‫اْل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دَاعَ‬ َ ‫ت‬ ‫َا‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫ك‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ْك‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫عَل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دَاعَ‬ َ ‫ت‬ ‫نْ‬ َ ‫أ‬ ُ ‫َم‬ ‫م‬ ُ ْ ‫اْل‬ ٍ ‫ِذ‬ ‫َئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫َوْ‬ ‫ي‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ت‬ ْ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ ْ ‫َل‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ ٍ ‫ِذ‬ ‫َئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫َوْ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫نُ‬ ‫حْ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ٍ ‫ة‬ َّ ‫ِل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ِنْ‬ ‫م‬ ‫وَ‬ ٌ ‫ِل‬ ‫ائ‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ف‬ ‫وَ‬ ِ ‫ْل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫السَّ‬ ‫اءِ‬ َ ‫ث‬ ُ ‫غ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ٌ ‫اء‬ َ ‫ث‬ ُ ‫غ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ َّ ‫ِن‬ ‫ك‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫وَ‬ ٌ ‫ِير‬ ‫ث‬ َ ‫ك‬ ‫ِنْ‬ ‫م‬ ُ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ‫عَنَّ‬ َ ‫ز‬ ْ ‫َن‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ل‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫وب‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ق‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫ف‬ ُ َّ ‫ّللا‬ ‫نَّ‬ َ ‫ِف‬ ‫ذ‬ ْ ‫َق‬ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫وَ‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ْ ‫ِن‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫َة‬ ‫َاب‬ ‫َه‬ ‫م‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ْ ‫م‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ُوِّ‬ ‫عَد‬ ِ ‫ُور‬ ‫ُد‬ ‫ص‬ ‫حُبُّ‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫نُ‬ ‫هْ‬ ‫وَ‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ‫َا‬ ‫م‬ ‫وَ‬ ِ َّ ‫ّللا‬ َ ‫ُول‬ ‫س‬ ‫رَ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ي‬ ٌ ‫ِل‬ ‫ائ‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ف‬ ‫نَ‬ ‫هْ‬ ‫وَ‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َوْ‬ ‫م‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫َة‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫اه‬ ‫رَ‬ َ ‫ك‬ ‫وَ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ي‬ ْ ‫ُّن‬ ‫الد‬