Udai Singh | University of South Carolina (original) (raw)

Papers by Udai Singh

International Journal of Cancer, 2009

Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been shown to be involved in metastatic process of prosta... more Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been shown to be involved in metastatic process of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we show primary PCa tissues and cell lines (LNCaP and PC3) express CXCR5, a specific chemokine receptor for CXCL13. Expression of CXCR5 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in PCa cases than compared to normal match (NM) tissues. CXCR5 intensity correlated (R 2 5 0.97) with Gleason score. While prostate tumor tissues with Gleason scores 7, displayed predominantly nuclear CXCR5 expression patterns, PCa specimens with Gleason scores 6 showed predominantly membrane and cytoplasmic expression patterns that were comparable to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Similar to tissue expression, PCa cell lines expressed significantly more CXCR5 than normal prostatic epithelial cells (PrECs), and CXCR5 expression was distributed among intracellular and extracellular compartments. Functional in vitro assays showed higher migratory and invasive potentials toward CXCL13, an effect that was mediated by CXCR5. In both PCa cell lines, CXCL13 treatment increased the expression of collagenase-1 or matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) and stromelysin-3 (MMP-11). These data demonstrate the clinical and biological relevance of the CXCL13-CXCR5 pathway and its role in PCa cell invasion and migration. ' 2009 UICC

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2015

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural nonpsychotropic cannabinoid from marijuana (Cannabis sativa) with ... more Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural nonpsychotropic cannabinoid from marijuana (Cannabis sativa) with anti-epileptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Effect of CBD on naive immune system is not precisely understood. In this study, we observed that administering CBD into naive mice triggers robust induction of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the peritoneum, which expressed functional arginase 1, and potently suppressed T cell proliferation ex vivo. Furthermore, CBD-MDSC suppressed LPS-induced acute inflammatory response upon adoptive transfer in vivo. CBD-induced suppressor cells were comprised of CD11b(+)Ly6-G(+)Ly6-C(+) granulocytic and CD11b(+)Ly6-G(-)Ly6-C(+) monocytic subtypes, with monocytic MDSC exhibiting higher T cell-suppressive function. Induction of MDSC by CBD was markedly attenuated in Kit-mutant (Kit(W/W-v)) mast cell-deficient mice. MDSC response was reconstituted upon transfer of wild-type bone marrow-derived mast cells in Kit(W/W-v) mice, sugg...

Microscopy Research and Technique, 2015

To evaluate and compare the effect of double-application of single-step self-etch adhesives using... more To evaluate and compare the effect of double-application of single-step self-etch adhesives using microleakage study and to analyze the dentin-adhesive interfacial micromorphology. In total, 72 extracted human premolars were divided into three groups for different self-etch adhesives (G Bond, GC [GB], Optibond, Kerr [OB], and Xeno V Plus, Dentsply [XV]). Class V cavities were prepared. Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the placement technique of the adhesive, using the single-application [subgroup (a)] or double-application method [subgroup (b)]. Resin composite (Z 250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN) was used to restore the cavities and light cured for 40 s. Twenty samples from each group were subjected to microleakage study. Two samples from both the subgroups of the three adhesives were used for scanning electron microscopic examination of the resin-dentin interfacial ultrastructure. Dye leakage scores were subjected to statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests at significance level of P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05. GB depicted significantly more microleakage which was significantly greater than OB and XV. The double application led to significant decrease in microleakage of GB with no significant effect on the microleakage scores of other two all-in-one adhesives, that is OB and XV. Double application of all-in-one self-etch adhesives improves the marginal sealing ability in dentin although it appears to be product dependent. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Advanced Science Letters, 2014

ABSTRACT Polycrystalline AgInSe2 thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering on glass sub... more ABSTRACT Polycrystalline AgInSe2 thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering on glass substrate. The selenization process was adopted for the preparation of the film from Ag/In/Ag/In multilayer stack. The multilayer films were selenized and annealed at various temperatures. Evolution of the composition and structure of the films with selenization temperature and then on annealing each selenized films at different temperatures was studied by X-ray diffraction. The study revealed that the prepared films have polycrystalline structure with AgInSe2 as the major phase. The other phase is Ag2Se, whose volume fraction depended on the selenization and annealing temperatures. A systematic search by comparing the phase composition and structure of different films revealed that the film selenized at 350 °C and annealed at 500 °C is the optimum condition for preparing AgInSe2 with lattice parameter c/a ratio close to that of ideal chalcopyrite structure. The results obtained thus lead to a better understanding of the growth processes of Chalcopyrite AgInSe2 thin films.

Mycologia

Variability among 26 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii collected from various hosts/soil samples and... more Variability among 26 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii collected from various hosts/soil samples and localities in India is reported. The isolates varied in colony morphology, mycelial growth rate, sclerotium formation, teleomorph production and sclerotial size and color. Out of 26 isolates, only 4 produced the teleomorph stage on Cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar medium. Mycelial incompatibility among the isolates was also seen, and out of 325 combinations, only 29 combinations (8.9%) showed compatible reactions. Based on mycelial compatibility, 13 vegetative incompatibility groups (VCG) were identified among the isolates. HPLC analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of culture filtrates of the isolates revealed 10-22 peaks. Six peaks were identified as gallic, oxalic, ferulic, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids. Oxalic, IAA, and cinnamic acids were present in the culture filtrates of all the isolates in varying amounts. The other three phenolic acids were not...

Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2005

The present study describes seasonal changes in ∆ 5 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), glu... more The present study describes seasonal changes in ∆ 5 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), glusose-6 phosphates dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and lipids in the ovary of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Total lipids and 3β-HSD activity are restricted to thecal and interstitial cells of the ovary. The total lipids, 3β-HSD, and G-6-PD significantly increase during recrudescence, and remain high during winter dormancy and breeding as compared to the other reproductive phases. High incidence of lipids and enzyme activity in interstitial cells during the breeding period and at the time of ovulation clearly suggests that these cells are actively involved in steroidogenesis. A decline in enzymes and lipid activity during winter dormancy, which correlates with the declining levels of steroidogenesis, might be the factors responsible for prolonged survival of the Graafian follicle in the ovary of S. heathi.

Molecular pharmacology, Jan 9, 2015

Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is known to cause increased susceptibility to a wid... more Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is known to cause increased susceptibility to a wide array of clinical disorders in humans. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that prenatal exposure to DES induces thymic atrophy and apoptosis in thymus. In the current study, we investigated if such effects on the thymus result from alterations in the expression of microRNA (miR). To that end, we exposed pregnant C57BL/6 mice to DES, and miR profiles were studied in thymocytes of both the mother and fetuses on postnatal day 3 (GD17). Of the 609 mouse miRs examined by performing high-throughput miR arrays, we observed that there were 59 miRs that were altered that were common for both mothers and fetuses, whereas there were 107 miRs that were altered, specific to mothers only, and 101 miRs that were altered specific to fetuses only. Upon further analyses in the fetuses, we observed that DES-mediated changes in miRs expression may regulate genes involved in important functi...

Journal of Phytopathology, 2007

... Blepharis boerhaviaefolia, VL012, Leaf spot, Varanasi, 2001, 4.5, Deep yellow, 0.6, 6.1, 9.9,... more ... Blepharis boerhaviaefolia, VL012, Leaf spot, Varanasi, 2001, 4.5, Deep yellow, 0.6, 6.1, 9.9, ND, ND, 2.3, 0.1, ND. Cajanus cajan, VL013, Leaf spot, Varanasi, 2001, 4.6, Deep yellow, 0.8, ND, 0.1, ND, 80.7, ND, 0.1, 128.4. Cicer arietinum, VC971, ...

Journal of Natural Products, 2014

Culture extracts from the cave-derived actinomycete Nonomuraea specus were investigated, resultin... more Culture extracts from the cave-derived actinomycete Nonomuraea specus were investigated, resulting in the discovery of a new S-bridged pyronaphthoquinone dimer and its monomeric progenitors designated hypogeamicins A-D (1-4). The structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, and the relative stereochemistries of the pyrans were inferred using NOE and comparison to previously reported compounds. Absolute stereochemistry was determined using quantum chemical calculations of specific rotation and vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectra, after an extensive conformational search and including solute-solvent polarization effects, and comparing with the corresponding experimental data for the monomeric congeners. Interestingly, the dimeric hypogeamicin A (1) was found to be cytotoxic to the colon cancer derived cell line TCT-1 at low micromolar ranges, but not bacteria, whereas the monomeric precursors possessed antibiotic activity but no significant TCT-1 cytotoxicity.

ABSTRACT Two sets of gold thin films of thickness of ~ 20 and ~ 50 nms, grown by thermal evaporat... more ABSTRACT Two sets of gold thin films of thickness of ~ 20 and ~ 50 nms, grown by thermal evaporation method on (100) silicon wafers were irradiated by 197 MeV Au ions. Grazing incidence X-Ray diffraction (GIXRD) study revealed lattice expansion on decreasing the film thickness. 197 MeV Au ion irradiation did not affect either the cubic crystal structure of gold or its lattice parameter. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study indicated that the evolution of the surface morphology with ion fluence crucially depended on the film thickness, the thinner film being more sensitive than the thicker one. Irradiation led to nanoparticles formation on the surface of the films. This observation is in contrast to the generally perceived damaging role of swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation. Power spectral density analysis of the roughness along both the lateral and vertical directions demonstrated dominance of surface diffusion over volume diffusion induced by SHI irradiation. A comparison of the sputtering yield obtained from Rutherford back scattering (RBS) spectra of the irradiated films and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the particles sputtered from the films and collected by a catcher grid during irradiation indicated that more than the surface and volume diffusion processes, it is the irradiation induced sputtering that controls the overall surface morphology of the films. The surface roughness increase with ion fluence and the irradiation induced sputtering yield was found to be larger in thinner films. Film thickness dependence of the evolution of surface morphology and sputtering yield with 197 MeV Au ion irradiation clearly indicates the dominance of the electronic energy loss over the nuclear energy loss of the projectiles ions in the target medium and opens up the ways for examining the applicability of different models of ion-matter interaction in systems with reduced dimensions.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2003

A deficiency in understanding the steps responsible for colitis is the lack of comprehension for ... more A deficiency in understanding the steps responsible for colitis is the lack of comprehension for the role chemokines play in mucosal inflammation. IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and CXCR3 are highly expressed at sites of colitis. Our findings show that IP-10 significantly contributes to the development of Th1 and inflammatory responses. Specifically, IP-10 inhibition in IL-10(-/-) mice attenuates the associated increases in serum and/or local amyloid A, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1alpha, and IL-1beta with colitis as compared with IL-10(-/-) mice that develop colitis similar to human Crohn's disease. Correspondingly, the rate or intensity of inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice treated with anti-IP-10 Abs showed improved scoring of inflammation, compared with control IL-10(-/-) mice. This study provides important and novel information regarding IP-10 as a target for the treatment of colitis.

Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2003

T helper type 1 (Th1) cells secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) have been closely associated w... more T helper type 1 (Th1) cells secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) have been closely associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Monokine-induced by IFN-gamma (MIG), IFN-gamma-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), are chemokines that bind CXCR3 and mediate the chemotaxis of leukocytes. IP-10, MIG, and CXCR3 have been shown to be expressed at sites of CD. The current study stems from our recent findings that IP-10, MIG, and I-TAC significantly contribute to the development of Th1-mediated inflammatory responses. To better understand the role of CXCR3 interactions during CD, we characterized the effects of IP-10, MIG, I-TAC, and CXCR3+ T cells on mucosal immune responses. IP-10, MIG, and I-TAC significantly enhanced antigen-specific serum and mucosal antibodies through Th1-mediated events and CD28 modulation. Additionally, the adoptive transfer of naive CXCR3+ T cells and CD4+CD45RB(HI) to T cell receptor beta (TCRbeta) x delta(-/-) ...

Journal of Immune Based Therapies and Vaccines, 2008

Background: Alterations in serum CXCR3 ligand levels were examined in interstitial cystitis (IC) ... more Background: Alterations in serum CXCR3 ligand levels were examined in interstitial cystitis (IC) patients; similar expression patterns in serum as well as CXCR3, CXCR3 ligands, and cytokines expressed by peripheral and local leukocyte subpopulations were characterized during cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced acute cystitis in mice.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2014

Zn-silica nanocomposite thin films with varying Zn metal content, deposited by atom beam sputteri... more Zn-silica nanocomposite thin films with varying Zn metal content, deposited by atom beam sputtering technique were subjected to 100 MeV Ag ion irradiation. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry reveals the loss of Zn with irradiation, which is observed to be greater from thin films with lower Zn content. The sputtered species collected on carbon-coated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids consist of Zn nanoparticles of sizes comparable to those present in the nanocomposite thin film. The process of size-dependent electronic sputtering of Zn is explained on the basis of an inelastic thermal spike model. The possibility of direct cluster emission is explained by pressure spike built inside the track, initiated by a temperature spike.

In the present study, we probe into the phase transition from anatase to rutile in nanocrystallin... more In the present study, we probe into the phase transition from anatase to rutile in nanocrystalline thin films under thermal annealing and swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation. TiO2 thin films were prepared through chemical route using sol-gel and spin coating techniques on silicon (100) substrates. The structural studies of the annealed films were characterized by GAXRD and Raman spectroscopy. Though

Indian Journal of Physics, 2009

Nanostructured TiO 2 thin films have been prepared through chemical route using sol-gel and spin ... more Nanostructured TiO 2 thin films have been prepared through chemical route using sol-gel and spin coating techniques. The deposited films were annealed in the temperature range 400-1000°C for 1 h. The structure and microstructure of the annealed films were characterized by GAXRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy and AFM. The as-deposited TiO 2 thin films are found to be amorphous. Micro-Raman and GAXRD results confirm the presence of the anatase phase and absence of the rutile phase for films annealed up to 700°C. The diffraction pattern of the film annealed at 800 to 1000°C contains peaks of both anatase and rutile reflections. The intensity of all peaks in micro-Raman and GAXRD patterns increased and their width (FWHM) decreased with increasing annealing temperature, demonstrating the improvement in the crystallinity of the annealed films. Phase transformation at higher annealing temperature involves a competition among three events such as : grain growth of anatase phase, conversion of anatase to rutile and grain growth of rutile phase. AFM image of the asdeposited films and annealed films indicated exponential grain growth at higher temperature.