Kareem Alsamuraee | College of Science University of Baghdad (original) (raw)

Papers by Kareem Alsamuraee

The inhibition ability of two newlysynthesized isatin derivativesnamely N-benzyl-5-bromo isatin d... more The inhibition ability of two newlysynthesized isatin derivativesnamely N-benzyl-5-bromo isatin derivatives which are N-benzyl-5-bromo-3-[(imine aceto) urea]-2-oxo indole (5IBO) and N-benzyl-5-bromo-3-[(imine aceto) thiourea]-2-oxo indole (5IBS) toward carbon steel corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements. Polarization curves showed that the evaluated compounds acted as mixed inhibitors. The adsorption of the evaluated inhibitors obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) plots indicated that the presence of the inhibitors increases the charge transfer resistance of the corrosion process, and increasing the inhibition efficiency. The experimental data showed that the 5IBSisatin derivative is a better corrosion inhibitor than the 5IBO.

— In this study adherent films of polythiophene were deposited by electropolymerization of thyhio... more — In this study adherent films of polythiophene were deposited by electropolymerization of thyhiophene monomer ,onto stainless steel 316,carbon steel (C45), and aluminum (6061), the anticorrosion performance in artificial seawater (3.5% NaCl) solution were investigated at four temperatures, namely 20,30,40,50ᴼC using Tafel plots. The FTIR, XRD, TG, AFM, and SEM techniques, were used to evaluate the polythiophene deposited layer, they revealed nanofibers like structures with diameters around 40-50 nm , the thermal stability reach 300ᴼC.

Waste black tea- based activated carbon samples were prepared with conventional and / or ultrasou... more Waste black tea- based activated carbon samples were prepared with conventional and / or
ultrasound activation processes using Clorox or concentrated H2SO4- HNO3 mixture as individual
activating agent. The effects of activation process and applied activating agent were studied by FTIR,
XRD, SEM, and AFM spectroscopies. The qualitative and quantitative analysis with statistical
information of several prepared samples were summarized and discussed. The obtained results
demonstrated the existence of micro- and nano- structural particles. The choice of starting material,
activation process, and activating agent with their spectroscopic results suggested that the prepared
activated carbon representing an economically promising material with wide spectrum of
applications.

Abstract In this study, novel Polyaniline polymer (PANI) was deposited on SnO2 conductive glass w... more Abstract
In this study, novel Polyaniline polymer (PANI) was deposited on SnO2 conductive glass which prepared to act as
counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The counter electrode was characterized using Fourier Transform
Infrared and UV-Vis spectrometers. A simple method was used to synthesis PANI film consist from two electrodes after
take optimum voltage for Polymerization of Aniline by using potentiostat. The film showed high adhesion on the SnO2
conductive glass in compare with ITO conductive glass, led to higher incident photon to current conversion efficiency
(IPCE) in solar cell. The efficiencies values were 46% and 52% for the films deposited on SnO2 glass and ITO glass
respectively. The cost ratio of used SnO2 in comparison with ITO conductive glass is 1:5 by price. This gave economy
preference to deposited PANI on SnO2 conductive glass in fabrication of DSSC.
Keywords: PANI, SnO2, ITO, DSSC.

In this study, novel Polyaniline polymer (PANI) was deposited on SnO2 conductive glass which prep... more In this study, novel Polyaniline polymer (PANI) was deposited on SnO2 conductive glass which prepared to act as counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The counter electrode was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared and UV-Vis spectrometers. A simple method was used to synthesis PANI film consist from two electrodes after take optimum voltage for Polymerization of Aniline by using potentiostat. The film showed high adhesion on the SnO2 conductive glass in compare with ITO conductive glass, led to higher incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in solar cell. The efficiencies values were 46% and 52% for the films deposited on SnO2 glass and ITO glass respectively. The cost ratio of used SnO2 in comparison with ITO conductive glass is 1:5 by price. This gave economy preference to deposited PANI on SnO2 conductive glass in fabrication of DSSC.

Abstract−Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been hydrothermally prepared using polyethylene... more Abstract−Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been hydrothermally prepared using polyethylene glycol as
the carbon source. Herein, new MWCNTs composites with high adsorption capacity were prepared and applied as efficient
adsorbents for adsorption of maxilon blue dye (GRL) from aqueous solution. The morphologies of the MWCNTs
were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The adsorption property of
maxilon blue (GRL) from aqueous solution onto MWCNTs was studied as a function of mass dosage, pH of solution,
initial dye concentration and temperature. The adsorption of GRL depends on the initial pH of the solution with maximum
uptake occurring at about pH 10. The maximum adsorption capacity of prepared MWCNTs was 260.7mg/g.
Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were applied to fit the experimental data. The Freundlich equilibrium isotherm
fitted well the experimental data indicating the homogeneity of the adsorbent surface sites. Thermodynamics
parameters were studied the changes in free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) during adsorption. It is
noticeable that the adsorption of GRL dye onto MWCNTs was a spontaneous and endothermic process and indicates
that the adsorption is favored at high temperature.

A notechnology is design, fabrication and application of nanostructures or nanomaterials, and mat... more A notechnology is design, fabrication and application of nanostructures or nanomaterials, and materials and the fundamental understanding of the relationships between physical properties or phenomenaand and material dimensions. anotechnology deals with materials or structures in nanometer scales,typically ranging from subnanometers to several hundred nanometers.One nanometer is 1 0 -3 micrometer or 10 -9 meter.Nanotechnology is anew field or a new scientific domain. Similar to quantum mechanics, onnanometer scale, materials or structures may possess new physical properties or exhibit new physical phenomena.

thiazol-2-ylamino)-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl) acetonitrile derivative was prepared and characterized us... more thiazol-2-ylamino)-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl) acetonitrile derivative was prepared and characterized using thin liquid chromatography, FTIR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. The corrosion protectiveness, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the prepared derivative as inhibitor in artificial sea water/carbon steel (CK45) system were studied. Three concentrations of the prepared inhibitor were examined, namely, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm; protection efficiencies of 23% to 73% were recorded. It was found that the experimental data obtained from polarization reading could be fitted by Langmuir isotherm and Frumkin's isotherm; the best fit adsorption isotherm was the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The small negative value of ΔGads indicates the spontaneity of a physical adsorption process and the stability of the adsorbed layer on the carbon steel surface. Analysis of the temperature dependence of inhibition efficiency as well as comparison of corrosion activation in absence and in presence of the inhibitors gives some insight into the possible inhibition mechanism. pensive and widely used engineering material which has found extensive application in various industries . It is used in large tonnages in marine applications, nuclear power and fossil fuel power plant, transportation, chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, pipelines, mining, construction as well as metal processing equipment. However, the corrosion resistance of carbon steel is relatively limited. This causes many corrosion problems to be arising in the related industries [3]-[5]. Using inhibitors is an important method for protecting materials against corrosion [6]- . Various types of organic inhibitors have been published . The molecules most often used as corrosion inhibitors are nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and phosphorus compound [10]- . Nitrogen and sulfur as constituent atoms were studied as corrosion inhibitor in HCl medium [14] .

The electrochemical behavior of aluminum (6061) in 0.01M HCl solution in absence and presence of ... more The electrochemical behavior of aluminum (6061) in 0.01M HCl solution in absence and presence of SDS detergents was studied. The concentrations of SDS studies were (0, 2.5, 5, 25 and 50) ppm. The electrochemical studies included anodic, cathodic polarization by using potentiostatic over temperature rang (298-323) K. The results showed that 5ppm of SDS caused to the highest protection efficiency which reached to 91.79% at 323K. The mechanism of protection was suggested by evaluated of αa , αc , ba , bc , i0 , Rp for the corrosion of Al at the different SDS concentrations and temperatures. % ‫قيم‬ ‫وبتقدير‬ αa , αc , ba , bc , i0 , Rp ‫املحماية‬ ‫ميكاونيكية‬ ‫اقتراح‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الملمنيوم‬ ‫ملتاكل‬ ‫من‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫تراكيز‬ ‫عند‬ ‫مللملمنيوم‬ SDS ‫املمختلفة.‬ ‫املحرارة‬ ‫درجات‬ ‫عند‬

H 4 O) n+1 H 2 O, bp:56-63°C) dissolved in D.I. water and Ethanol alcohol of a new carbon sources... more H 4 O) n+1 H 2 O, bp:56-63°C) dissolved in D.I. water and Ethanol alcohol of a new carbon sources materials mixed with PdCl 2 as a catalyst mixed with Sodium hydroxide (8gm NaOH) using Parr reactor at temperature (190°C). A detailed study of how the synthesis parameter such as growth temperature affects the morphology of the carbon nanostructures is presented. The obtained (CNSt) are investigated (in Georgia Institute of Technology-MSE, Georgia, USA) by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmitting electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. It is observed that at (190 °C), normal CNTs are formed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanosheets (CNS) but in little bit amount. Coiled carbon nanotubes (CCNTs) were obtained as main products high pure MWCNTs with lengths of (2-5 μm) and diameters of (60±20 nm) could be synthesized at as low temperature as (190 °C).

In this research some metal surfaces, includes; Stainless steel 316,carbon steel, Copper, Aluminu... more In this research some metal surfaces, includes; Stainless steel 316,carbon steel, Copper, Aluminum ,and Zinc, were coated with thin and homogeneous polyaniline (PANI) via electro-polymerization of aniline monomer in sulfuric acid, then the corrosion protectiveness of these coatings in artificial seawater solution (3.5% NaCl) at 293, 303, 313, and 323 K were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization procedures. The structure and surface morphology was examined by SEM , AFM, , and XRD techniques; the resulted AFM and SEM images of PANI films reflects a nanofibers like structure with a diameter of 50 to 70 nm, and a thicknesses of 700 to 2100 nm. All coated metals with PANI exhibited good degree of corrosion protectiveness and the best results was achieved for Zn metal ,the cyclic potentiodynamic tests indicated that only SS316 and aluminum specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and PANI coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values. The effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and presence of PANI coating of all samples were obtained and expressed as; E a ∆H a , ∆S a , and ∆G a .

Electrochemical self-ordering has been recognized as one of the most attractive synthetic approac... more Electrochemical self-ordering has been recognized as one of the most attractive synthetic approaches for fabrication of highly ordered nanotube materials from a variety of metals and semiconductors. This work presents synthesis of the self-organized TiO 2 nanotube arrays by electrochemical anodization in fluoride/ glycerol electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were carried out to characterize the well-ordered titanium oxide nanotubes. The corrosion of pure titanium and anodized titanium were tested in synthetic body plasma solution at 37±1ºC, using potentiodynamic polarization. It was shown that anodized titanium exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared to pure titanium.

Dye sensitized solar cells ( DSSCs) have emerged as a promising device to meet the energy needs a... more Dye sensitized solar cells ( DSSCs) have emerged as a promising device to meet the energy needs as an
environmentally friendly alternative for the development of sustainable power generation. In this study different
types of DSSCs were fabricated using mixed combination between four kinds of Titania (TiO2) semiconductors ,and
three kinds of counter electrodes while the sensitized dye was natural pomegranate seeds and the electrolyte was
I-/I3
- for all assembled DSSCs.TiO2 semiconductors includes; bulk TiO2 powder (>20μm), 50nm TiO2 powder,
hydrothermally nanotubes (HT) TiO2 powder ,and anodized TiO2 nanotubes arrays (TNTs).The counter electrodes
include; carbon, electrodeposited platinum (Pt), and electro polymerized polyanilne. The I-V plots and all cell
parameters were established using two electrodes potentiostat, the results showed that the activity of anode
materials follow the order;
TNTs on Ti foil > 50nm TiO2 /ITO glass> HT TiO2/ITO glass > Bulk TiO2/ITO glass
While the effectiveness of the counter electrodes obey the order;
Pt > PANI > Carbon
The best Efficiency (3.27%) achieved using TNTs on Ti foil as active anode and Pt on ITO glass as counter
electrode.

Porous anodic aluminum oxide film with self-ordered character, has been widely used as the templa... more Porous anodic aluminum oxide film with self-ordered character, has been widely used as the template for fabricating nano-structural
materials. In this study, highly ordered anodic aluminum oxide template was fabricated in phosphoric acid by the two-step anodic
oxidation process. The anodizing voltage was maintained at 60 V. The results showed that 20 % phosphoric acid and 5 ºC are suitable to
prepare anodic aluminum oxide templates with a pore diameters of 130 nm. The fabricated anodic aluminum oxide films then subjected
to post electrodepositing of Pt nanowires from freshly prepared Pt-phenothiazine complex, a forest of nanowires with a diameter nearly
closed to the started anodic aluminum oxide pores sizes achieved. The morphology and surface structure of the anodic aluminum oxide
films were examined before and after electrodepositing by; scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope and X-ray diffraction
spectroscopy.

The multiwall carbon nanotubes(CNTs) of 0.25wt %,0.5wt % and 1wt% was added to 0.1 M distilled an... more The multiwall carbon nanotubes(CNTs) of 0.25wt %,0.5wt % and 1wt% was added to 0.1 M distilled aniline under reflex procedure with 0.3 H2SO4 for fabricating PANI/CNTs nanofibers.A cyclic potential ranged from -100 mV to 1500 mV was applied with six repetition on working electrodesstainless steel (SUS 304)which were dipped in these solutions at scan rate of 30mV s-1 at room temperature.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)images showed that the PANI-CNTsnano-fibers structure with diameters range(50nm-70 nm).In the liquid type sensing, it was found that with the increase of HCl concentrations, the value of current density(J) could be raised and found pronounced at 3000 ppm and 4000ppm concentration along withPANI/0.5 wt %CNTs and PANI/1 wt% CNTs sensors out of the four corresponding four solutions and for sensors. The reason behind that is the enhancement of more efficient transfer of charges.On the other hand a reduction in current density (J) was obtained with increasing concentration of NH3 and clearly observed at 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm for PANI/0.5 wt %CNTs and PANI/1 wt% CNTs sensors.

PbS nanocrystalline thin films were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath technique a... more PbS nanocrystalline thin films were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath technique at different
solution temperatures and various deposition times. The thickness of the films was in the range 600–
1000 nm. The structure and the crystallite size of these films were studied by X-ray diffraction. The optical
properties, absorption, transmission, and reflection, as a function of thickness were measured. The influence
of thermal treatment under various annealing temperatures on the optical properties for some deposited
films was studied and analyzed

PbS thin films are good materials for antireflection coatings and for solar thermal applications ... more PbS thin films are good materials for antireflection coatings and for solar thermal applications in
flat-plat collectors, house heating for solar chick brooding, etc. Nanocrystalline PbS thin films were
deposited on glass substrates with various deposition times using chemical bath deposition technique.
The study was carried out for thicknesses in the range (500-660 nm). The crystalline size of these films
was studied by atomic force microscope AFM. A dense surface composed of multilayered grains of films
was obtained with the crystal size around 37.67 nm. The optical properties of these films have been
studied and show that PbS thin films have allowed direct transition and the values of energy gap varied
between (1.88-1.55 eV) with increasing film thickness, The large optical band gap in the films is
attributed to the quantum coefficient effect. Influences of thermal treatments under various annealing
temperatures on the optical properties for some deposition films were studied.

The Corrosion protection effectiveness of Alimina(Al2O3,50nm)and Zinc oxide (ZnO,30nm) nanopartic... more The Corrosion protection effectiveness of Alimina(Al2O3,50nm)and Zinc oxide (ZnO,30nm) nanoparticales were studied on carbon steel and 316 stainless steel alloys in saline water (3.5%NaCl)at four temperatures: (20,30,40,50 OC)using three electrodes potentiostat.
An average corrosion protection efficiencies of 65 %and 80% was achieved using Al2O3 NP's on carbon steel and stainless steel samples respectively, and it seems that no effect of rising temperature on the performances of the coated layers. While ZnO NP'S showed protection efficiency around 65% for the two alloys and little effected by temperature rising on the performanes of the coated layers. The morphology of the coated spesiemses was examined by Atomic force microscope.

Self organized titania (TiO2) nanotubes were grown by simple but optimized anodization process in... more Self organized titania (TiO2) nanotubes were grown by simple but optimized anodization process
in nonaqueus eletrolyte composed of 95%glycerol and 0.5% ammonium fluoride .Different
constant cell voltages 2 to 25v (dc) used to obtain nanotubes diameter in the range 8 to 42 nm
and lenght of 50 to 820 nm ,all experiments conducted at room temperature ~ 25 Degree
centigrade for a period of 1 hour. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to obtain
information on the surface morphology and the SEM images were statistically analyzed by Java
image processing program, where Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) conducted to obtain
quantitative information on the grain sizes of the films as well as the surface roughness, and XRay
Diffraction (XRD) to obtain information on the crystalline structure of the surfaces.

This paper aimed to evaluate the polyurethane (pu) and polyurethane/polyvinyl chloride (90 wt.%/1... more This paper aimed to evaluate the polyurethane (pu) and polyurethane/polyvinyl chloride (90
wt.%/10 wt.%) as organic coating of carbon steel substrate against marine environment (3.5
wt.%) as a severe corrosion environment . The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
and fitting impedance data by ZsimpWin 3.22 software were used to estimate the physical barrier
of the samples for different exposure times . Different equivalent electrical circuits were taken for
the physical barrier at different immersion times to get appropriate fitting. Both pu and pu/pvc
coatings showed excellent corrosion protection for steel .The pu/pvc coating showed better
protection and stability than pu coating against aggressive salt solution. The relation between
dielectric properties (impedance spectrum) of coating film with their behavior as physical barrier
protection gives useful information about electrochemical process and predicts the barrier
protective behavior in natural environment.