Recent advances in understanding viral evasion of type I interferon (original) (raw)

“…In order to favour their own replication, most viruses have evolved mechanisms to counteract the host's immune response (Feng et al, 2014b;Hoffmann et al, 2015;Taylor & Mossman, 2013). Previous studies have shown that enteroviruses such as the coxsackie B viruses (CVBs) block type I IFN production (Feng et al, 2014a;Mukherjee et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

“…Studies have revealed that several viral proteins are not active until modified by cellular protein kinases (44). There are three primary functions of the modified viral proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

“…It is well known that interferon binding to its receptor IFNAR could activate the Janus family protein kinases (JAKs) Tyk2 and Jak1, inducing site specific phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the signal transducers and activator of transcription STAT1 and STAT2, leading to their activation and formation of a heterotrimeric complex containing IRF-9 (known as IFN-stimulated gene factor-3, ISGF3) (Taylor and Mossman, 2013). It has been found that each step of this interferon-mediated JAK/STAT signalling pathway is disrupted by herpes viral proteins (Figure 3).…”

Section: Phosphorylation-mediated Viral Regulation Of Isg Secretion Amentioning

“…PRR activation stimulates IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, releasing NF-κB to translocate to the nucleus and induce target genes (Taylor and Mossman, 2013). Inhibition of NF-κB is employed by viruses as an immune evasion strategy which is also closely linked to oncogenesis during gammaherpesvirus persistent infection.…”

Section: Phosphorylation-mediated Viral Inhibition Of Nf-κb and Inflamentioning