Fetomaternal immune cross-talk and its consequences for maternal and offspring's health (original) (raw)

“…Although the lack of Th2 cytokines does not necessarily affect normal pregnancy progress (62), a predominance of Th1-type immunity and a reduced expression of Th2 cytokines may result in recurrent spontaneous abortion and preeclampsia (28,29). Moreover, Th1-dominated autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis improve during pregnancy (6,63), whereas Th2-dominated disorders such as lupus erythematosus tend to worsen (63,64). This was also attributed to a polarization toward Th2 responses in pregnant women (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

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“…Although the lack of Th2 cytokines does not necessarily affect normal pregnancy progress (62), a predominance of Th1-type immunity and a reduced expression of Th2 cytokines may result in recurrent spontaneous abortion and preeclampsia (28,29). Moreover, Th1-dominated autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis improve during pregnancy (6,63), whereas Th2-dominated disorders such as lupus erythematosus tend to worsen (63,64). This was also attributed to a polarization toward Th2 responses in pregnant women (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

“…T cells and in particular CD4 + T cells seem to play a pivotal role in inducing and maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance (6,7). One way by which they are involved in successful pregnancy maintenance is a change in the T cell cytokine profile toward a predominance of Th2 cytokines, which may protect against fetal rejection by maternal Th1 cells (8,9).…”

mentioning

“…Finally, the presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is instrumental to the maintenance of maternal tolerance (3), where fetus-specific Tregs remain after pregnancy (4) and can expand in subsequent pregnancies (5). Immune tolerance of the fetus relies on the concerted actions of hormones and cytokines, as well as cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune cells (6). Dysregulation of one or more of these components can lead to complications of pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and recurrent miscarriages (7).…”

mentioning

“…Они также являются важным источником IFNγ, который стимулирует провоспалительные Th1-ответы. С другой стороны, NK-клетки также могут выполнять регуляторные функции, в том числе стимулировать неоангиогенез [4]. МСК…”

Section: роль мск в ремоделировании костной тканиunclassified