Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in European Hedgehogs (original) (raw)

“…The high CoV concentrations in bat feces (Annan et al, 2013;Drexler et al, 2011), together with the recovery of coronaviral RNA from the small and large intestine of frugivorous bats (Watanabe et al, 2010) point to replication in the enteric tract. This is compatible both with the use of bat fecal material or intestinal specimens to detect bat CoVs in almost all published studies and with the high CoV RNA concentrations in the lower intestine of naturally infected hedgehogs (Corman et al, 2013a). Although there are no apparent clinical signs of gastroenteritis (Watanabe et al, 2010) or any other disease in bats, it should be noted that bats appear to raise antibodies against their coronaviruses at high rates (Lau et al, 2010bMuller et al, 2007;Tsuda et al, 2012).…”

Section: Coronavirus Pathology In Bats Compared To Other Mammalian Hostsmentioning

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“…The high CoV concentrations in bat feces (Annan et al, 2013;Drexler et al, 2011), together with the recovery of coronaviral RNA from the small and large intestine of frugivorous bats (Watanabe et al, 2010) point to replication in the enteric tract. This is compatible both with the use of bat fecal material or intestinal specimens to detect bat CoVs in almost all published studies and with the high CoV RNA concentrations in the lower intestine of naturally infected hedgehogs (Corman et al, 2013a). Although there are no apparent clinical signs of gastroenteritis (Watanabe et al, 2010) or any other disease in bats, it should be noted that bats appear to raise antibodies against their coronaviruses at high rates (Lau et al, 2010bMuller et al, 2007;Tsuda et al, 2012).…”

Section: Coronavirus Pathology In Bats Compared To Other Mammalian Hostsmentioning

“…Finally, the recent description of distantly related nidoviruses in insects has enabled hypotheses on a putative insect origin of Coronaviridae ancestors (Nga et al, 2011;Zirkel et al, 2011). Interestingly, the number of CoV descriptions from insectivorous bats is large, and a clade c betacoronavirus was recently described from insectivorous hedgehogs (Corman et al, 2013a). Insectivorous mammals, such as shrews, moles and hedgehogs from the order Eulipotyphla could thus be specifically investigated to bolster hypotheses on the putative ancient insect origins of the CoVs harbored by insectivorous mammalian hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

“…The 450 species in the order suggest a smaller genetic diversity as compared to the orders Rodentia and Chiroptera with 2269 and 1241 species, respectively. Nevertheless, surprisingly diverse alpha-and betacoronaviruses were detected in Eulipotyphla, including viruses clustering with important CoV clades such as MERS-CoV (Corman et al, 2014c;Tsoleridis et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017). Other CoVs in shrews and hedgehogs are genetically equidistant and represent relatively deep lineages in the phylogenetic tree.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

“…MERS-CoV is unique among CoVs infecting humans in belonging to lineage C (lineage 3) of the beta CoVs ( Fig. 1) Corman et al, 2014a;de Groot et al, 2012).…”

Section: Classificationmentioning