Flagellin/TLR5 signalling activates renal collecting duct cells and facilitates invasion and cellular translocation of uropathogenicEscherichia coli (original) (raw)

“…40 In the event that uropathogens subvert the front-line defences of the kidney and attach to the renal tubular epithelium, type 1 pili, fimbriae, the flagellum, and lipopolysaccharides that are found on the outer membrane of UPECs activate TLR signalling. 25,30,[41][42][43] As in the lower urinary tract, TLRs in the kidney activate downstream signalling pathways that inhibit UPEC endocytosis, activate the complement cascade, and induce apoptotic pathways to promote clearance of infected host cells. These pathways also upregulate the production of proinflammatory chemokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, which stimulate the recruitment of neutrophils and dendritic cells to help eradicate infection, and activate adaptive immune mechanisms to induce antibody production and T-cell responses.…”